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Meteorology

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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 2497

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Moored Velocity Measurements On The Edge Of The Gulf-Stream Recirculation, W. Brechner Owens, James R. Luyten, Harry L. Bryden Jan 1982

Moored Velocity Measurements On The Edge Of The Gulf-Stream Recirculation, W. Brechner Owens, James R. Luyten, Harry L. Bryden

Journal of Marine Research

Mean velocities, eddy kinetic energies and time series of velocities at several depths are presented from moored current meters for the 15 month period May 1978 to July 1979 as part of the POLYMODE Local Dynamics Experiment, centered at 31N, 69°30'W. The mean velocities in the upper one kilometer are toward the southwest at 2.4 to 4.4 cm/s, consistent with Worthington's (1976) description of the mean circulation of the North Atlantic....

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Circulation In The Eastern North Atlantic, Peter M. Saunders Jan 1982

Circulation In The Eastern North Atlantic, Peter M. Saunders

Journal of Marine Research

Basin-wide geostrophic shear profiles have been computed for several latitudes in the eastern Atlantic between 32 and 53N. The absolute velocity on each section has been chosen so that the transport satisfies the Sverdrup relation. It is concluded that the wind-driven currents are not confined to the upper thermocline but extend to great depth....

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Temperature Transport And Motional Induction In The Florida Current, Thomas B. Sanford Jan 1982

Temperature Transport And Motional Induction In The Florida Current, Thomas B. Sanford

Journal of Marine Research

Differences of electrical potential across the Florida Current between Jupiter, Florida, and Settlement Point, GBI, are interpreted in terms of mean and seasonal temperature transports. The potential differences arise from the lateral transport of electrical conductivity through the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field. Using the temperature and conductivity relation in the Current, the conductivity transport can be converted to temperature transport....

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On Combining Satellite Altimetry With Hydrographic Data, Dean Roemmich, Carl Wunsch Jan 1982

On Combining Satellite Altimetry With Hydrographic Data, Dean Roemmich, Carl Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

It is shown, by random construction of many sea surfaces, each consistent with geostrophy and mass conservation in the underlying ocean, that absolute sea surface topography relative to a geopotential surface can be estimated to 10 cm accuracy from appropriate in situ measurements of density....

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Historical Evidence For Two Gyres In The Somali Current, J. C. Swallow, M. Fieux Jan 1982

Historical Evidence For Two Gyres In The Somali Current, J. C. Swallow, M. Fieux

Journal of Marine Research

Surface currents and some surface temperatures in the Somali Basin have been plotted for May and June of each year from 1900 to 1973 when any data were available. A current pattern containing two clockwise gyres, one situated south of 5N, the other between 5N and 10N, was usually present in June. It is similar to the one observed in a detailed survey of the Somali Current in 1979. Some evidence is presented suggesting that the timing of the development of the gyres, in relation to changes in winds, was similar in other years to the sequence observed in May …

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Low-Frequency Temperature Fluctuations Between Ocean Station Echo And Bermuda, W. Sturges, Alan Summy Jan 1982

Low-Frequency Temperature Fluctuations Between Ocean Station Echo And Bermuda, W. Sturges, Alan Summy

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic data at Ocean Station Echo (35N, 48W) form an almost continuous 6-year series ending in 1973. The temperature fluctu ations at periods longer than about 8 months appear to be largely from the first vertical mode, and at periods of about 7 to 4 months from the second. These fluctuations are found to be coherent with those seen in the Panulirus data, at Bermuda, if the travel time for group velocity is included....

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Small-Scale Surface Stirring And Frontogenesis In The Subtropical Convergence Of The Western North Atlantic, Arthur D. Voorhis, John G. Bruce Jan 1982

Small-Scale Surface Stirring And Frontogenesis In The Subtropical Convergence Of The Western North Atlantic, Arthur D. Voorhis, John G. Bruce

Journal of Marine Research

Direct 9bservations of surface fronts in the subtropical convergence of the western North Atlantic have been made from rapid and densely sampled XBT surveys and by tracking surface drogues. Their rapid formati on (one or two days) and the temporal and spatial variation of frontal currents suggests that ageostrophic motions are crucial in the frontogenic process, in agreement with theoretical models....

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On The Pacific Upper-Water Circulation, Mizuki Tsuchiya Jan 1982

On The Pacific Upper-Water Circulation, Mizuki Tsuchiya

Journal of Marine Research

By mapping the distributions of the geostrophic flow and various water properties on the surface where thermosteric anomaly equals 240 × 10-8 m3 kg-1 (σt 25.60 kg m-3), the circulation in the upper layer of the Pacific Ocean has been studied with emphasis on the subtropical anticyclonic gyres in both hemispheres. The North Pacific shows a double-cell subtropical circulation pattern with the poleward cell along about 30N and the equatorward cell along 20-25N, both extending eastward from the western boundary, where the two cells are joined together....

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On The Currents And Water Masses North Of The Antilles/Bahamas Arc, John T. Gunn, D. Randolph Watts Jan 1982

On The Currents And Water Masses North Of The Antilles/Bahamas Arc, John T. Gunn, D. Randolph Watts

Journal of Marine Research

The Antilles Current, which is supposed to flow from the Atlantic North Equatorial Current along the Antilles and Bahamas island arc and contribute to the Gulf Stream, does not always exist. Data from the two most extensive grids of hydrographic surveys yet available in this region, one in summer and one in winter, show that mesoscale eddies dominate the baroclinic current field and the distribution of water properties....

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Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges I: Nonequilibrium Tracer Experiments In High-Latitude Oceanography, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman Jan 1982

Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges I: Nonequilibrium Tracer Experiments In High-Latitude Oceanography, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman

Journal of Marine Research

The releases of soluble radionuclides from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Windscale represent for some artificial radionuclides a major addition to the inventories due to nuclear test fallout on the northern hemisphere….

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Variability In Surface Chlorophyll A At A Shelf-Break Front, John Marra, R. W. Houghton, David C. Boardman, Patrick J. Neale Jan 1982

Variability In Surface Chlorophyll A At A Shelf-Break Front, John Marra, R. W. Houghton, David C. Boardman, Patrick J. Neale

Journal of Marine Research

We report an extensive underway sampling of temperature and chlorophyll a in the region of the shelf/slope front in the New York Bight in early spring. Variability in chlorophyll a and frontal structure is analyzed at three spatial scales….

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Marginally Unstable Salt Fingers: Limits To Growth, Terrence M. Joyce Jan 1982

Marginally Unstable Salt Fingers: Limits To Growth, Terrence M. Joyce

Journal of Marine Research

The theory of long, thin salt fingers is extended to allow for a finite length. The temporal evolution of a marginally unstable, single mode disturbance is then examined as it interacts with and modifies the basic state, which is constrained to be at rest in hydrostatic equilibrium....

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An Example Of Long-Term Variability For Subsurface Current And Hydrographic Patterns In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr., Michael S. Mccartney Jan 1982

An Example Of Long-Term Variability For Subsurface Current And Hydrographic Patterns In The Western North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr., Michael S. Mccartney

Journal of Marine Research

An example of long-term variability along 55W, perhaps interannual, for current and temperature distributions during mid-1975-1977 is presented. The existence of significant energy in the 55W data set at time scales longer than mesoscale (50-150 days) has been clear for , some time, but this is a first description of the latitudinal and vertical configuration of this low-frequency variability....

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Inshore Circulation Of The Agulhas Current Off Natal, E. H. Schumann Jan 1982

Inshore Circulation Of The Agulhas Current Off Natal, E. H. Schumann

Journal of Marine Research

The variability of the inshore circulation of the Agulhas Current on the Natal continental shelf region is investigated using historical ship-based data, and more recent measurements made on moorings deployed at various points along the coast. The existence is confirmed of a recirculation flow inshore of the Agulhas Current on the wider shelf region, although emphasis is laid on the inherent variability. It is apparent that the different flow regimes along the coast are primarily due to topographic effects; in particular, a narrowing shelf serves to reduce the variability being transmitted downstream.

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Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Chlorophyll Distributions And Geostrophic Current Estimates On The Peru Shelf At 9s, Alex W. Herman Jan 1982

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Chlorophyll Distributions And Geostrophic Current Estimates On The Peru Shelf At 9s, Alex W. Herman

Journal of Marine Research

Profiles of chlorophyll a, temperature and salinity were measured over the Peru Shelf at 9S. Data were collected with a Batfish vehicle profiling in a sawtooth pattern over a cycle distance of ≈ 1 km at a depth ranging from near surface to ≈ 80 m….

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The Vertical Flux Of Particulate Organic Nitrogen In The Sea: Decomposition Of Amino Acids In The Peru Upwelling Area And The Equatorial Atlantic, Cindy Lee, Carolyn Cronin Jan 1982

The Vertical Flux Of Particulate Organic Nitrogen In The Sea: Decomposition Of Amino Acids In The Peru Upwelling Area And The Equatorial Atlantic, Cindy Lee, Carolyn Cronin

Journal of Marine Research

Marine particulate matter samples were collected in moored and free-drifting sediment traps deployed off the coast of Peru during February, 1978. Three types of amino acids were analyzed in these samples: free extractable amino acids (FEA), hydrolyzed extractable amino acids (HEA) and total hydrolyzed amino acids (fHA). FEA and HEA were also analyzed in moored trap samples from the PARFLUX E station in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean....

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On The Upwelling Circulation Over The Wide Shelf Off Peru: 1. Circulation, Gary Shaffer Jan 1982

On The Upwelling Circulation Over The Wide Shelf Off Peru: 1. Circulation, Gary Shaffer

Journal of Marine Research

During November-December 1977, a modest physical field experiment was carried out over the wide shelf off northern Peru near 9S. Repeated sections of temperature and absolute current profiles were run along two lines with 60 km alongshore separation. Local winds were moderate, rather uniform and favorable for upwelling throughout the study period....

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Modeling Salt-Fingering Structures, Otto Zeman, John L. Lumley Jan 1982

Modeling Salt-Fingering Structures, Otto Zeman, John L. Lumley

Journal of Marine Research

Results are presented of calculations with a second-order turbulence model which has been modified to evolve continuously from full turbulent convection to thermo-haline convection, under appropriate circumstances. A three-layer system is simulated, with a salt-fingering interface between two convectively-driven turbulent layers. Experimental results on the salt/heat flux ratio are reproduced.

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Analysis Of Dimethyl Sulfonium Compounds In Marine Algae, Robert H. White Jan 1982

Analysis Of Dimethyl Sulfonium Compounds In Marine Algae, Robert H. White

Journal of Marine Research

A method is described for the quantitation of the dimethyl sulfide which is released from marine algae by treatment with alkali. Results show that this dimethyl sulfide originates from at least two separate pools of dimethyl sulfonium compounds present in the algae....

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On The Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation, D. E. Harrison, Stephen Stalos Jan 1982

On The Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation, D. E. Harrison, Stephen Stalos

Journal of Marine Research

Nonlinear solutions to the barotropic vorticity equation, forced by steady zonal winds and damped with a linear friction law, are described. Single and double gyre basins and wind stress patterns are used. Wind and frictional parameters are chosen to give results with quasi-oceanic flow scales....

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Coastal Upwelling In The Rias Bajas, Nw Spain: Contrasting The Benthic Regimes Of The Rias De Arosa And De Muros, K. R. Tenore, L. F. Boyer, R. M. Cal, J. Corral, C. Garcia-Fernandez, N. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran, R. B. Hanson, J. Iglesias, M. Krom, E. Lopez-Jamar, J. Mcclain, M. M. Pamatmat, A. Perez, D. C. Rhoads, G. De Santiago, J. Tietjen, J. Westrich, H. L. Windom Jan 1982

Coastal Upwelling In The Rias Bajas, Nw Spain: Contrasting The Benthic Regimes Of The Rias De Arosa And De Muros, K. R. Tenore, L. F. Boyer, R. M. Cal, J. Corral, C. Garcia-Fernandez, N. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez-Gurriaran, R. B. Hanson, J. Iglesias, M. Krom, E. Lopez-Jamar, J. Mcclain, M. M. Pamatmat, A. Perez, D. C. Rhoads, G. De Santiago, J. Tietjen, J. Westrich, H. L. Windom

Journal of Marine Research

Nutrient-rich North Atlantic water upwells off the NW coast of Spain and intermittently intrudes into the rias, coastal embayments, by displacement during periods of offshore winds. High primary production associated with the upwelling supports an intensive raft culture of the edible mussel, Mytilus edulis. This culture is most intensive (ca. 2000 rafts) in the Ria de Arosa, and results in one of the highest protein yields per unit area on earth....

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Observations Of Mesoscale Variability In The Western North Atlantic: A Comparative Study, L.-L. Fu, T. Keffer, P. P. Niiler, C. Wunsch Jan 1982

Observations Of Mesoscale Variability In The Western North Atlantic: A Comparative Study, L.-L. Fu, T. Keffer, P. P. Niiler, C. Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

As part of the POLYMODE experiment, three clusters (labeled A, B, C) of moored current meters and temperature-pressure recorders were deployed in three relatively unexplored regions in the North Atlantic Ocean to study the mesoscale variability….

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Distribution And Variability Of Dissolved Hydrogen In The Mediterranean Sea, Mary I. Scranton, Mark M. Jones, Frank L. Herr Jan 1982

Distribution And Variability Of Dissolved Hydrogen In The Mediterranean Sea, Mary I. Scranton, Mark M. Jones, Frank L. Herr

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrogen is one of the most interesting of the oceanic reduced gases because of its important role in both microbial nitrogen fixation and the anaerobic microbial food chain. A recent investigation in the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Cadiz on the USNS Bartlett has confirmed previous studies showing warm ocean waters to be supersaturated relative to atmospheric equilibrium in the mixed layer and undersaturated at depth....

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Variability Of Water Mass Interleaving Off N.W. Africa, E. D. Barton, P. Hughes Jan 1982

Variability Of Water Mass Interleaving Off N.W. Africa, E. D. Barton, P. Hughes

Journal of Marine Research

Water mass interleaving observed over the N.W. African continental slope during Upwelling 75 has been investigated. A water mass census demonstrated that the most common temperature-salinity characteristics over the slope at 23N lay between those of the North and South Atlantic Central Water masses....

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An Unstable Uniform Slab Model Of The Mixed Layer As A Source Of Downward Propagating Near-Inertial Motion. Part 1: Steady Mean Flow, John Kroll Jan 1982

An Unstable Uniform Slab Model Of The Mixed Layer As A Source Of Downward Propagating Near-Inertial Motion. Part 1: Steady Mean Flow, John Kroll

Journal of Marine Research

The linear stability of a one layer turbulent slab model of the mixed layer over a continuously stratified, inviscid, infinite depth ocean is investigated for large horizontal scale (≥ 0 (1 km)) perturbations….

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Quasi-Stationary Banded Structure In The Mean Zonal Geostrophic Current Regimes Of The Western North Pacific, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma Jan 1982

Quasi-Stationary Banded Structure In The Mean Zonal Geostrophic Current Regimes Of The Western North Pacific, Warren B. White, Keiichi Hasunuma

Journal of Marine Research

Two data sets are used to reveal the quasi-stationary nature of the banded current structure in the western North Pacific. The first consists of all hydrographic data taken in the region, archived at the Japanese Oceanographic Data Center (JODC)….

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Spatial Patterns Of Grazing-Related Parameters In California Coastal Surface Waters, July 1979, James L. Cox, Loren R. Haury, James J. Simpson Jan 1982

Spatial Patterns Of Grazing-Related Parameters In California Coastal Surface Waters, July 1979, James L. Cox, Loren R. Haury, James J. Simpson

Journal of Marine Research

A surface survey using underway continuous mapping of temperature, chlorophyll, zooplankton (>153 µm) wet weight density, and activity of the zooplankton digestive enzyme laminarinase was undertaken for a 20-day period during active upwelling in the California coastal region between Pt. Arena and Pt. Conception, California, U.S.A., during July, 1979....

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Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges Ii: Their Dispersion In Scottish And Norwegian Coastal Circulation, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman Jan 1982

Radionuclides From Windscale Discharges Ii: Their Dispersion In Scottish And Norwegian Coastal Circulation, Hugh D. Livingston, Vaughan T. Bowen, Stuart L. Kupferman

Journal of Marine Research

Measurement of the concentrations of 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 238Pu, and 239, 240Pu in Scottish and Norwegian coastal waters in 1976 and 1978 provides information on dispersal pathways, transport times, and dilution in these waters of radioactive waste discharged to the Irish Sea from the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Cumbria, U. K....

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The Worthington Effect And The Origin Of The Younger Dryas, W. H. Berger, J. S. Killingley Jan 1982

The Worthington Effect And The Origin Of The Younger Dryas, W. H. Berger, J. S. Killingley

Journal of Marine Research

An increase in CO2 content of the atmosphere during deglaciation is explained by buildup of shelf carbonate with concomitant release of "excess CO2" to the surrounding upper ocean, from whence some of it enters the atmosphere. Mixing with deep water removes excess CO2 to the abyss where it is used up in dissolving foraminifera and coccoliths....

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A Note On The Heat Balance Of The Mediterranean And Red Seas, A. F. Bunker, H. Charnock, R. A. Goldsmith Jan 1982

A Note On The Heat Balance Of The Mediterranean And Red Seas, A. F. Bunker, H. Charnock, R. A. Goldsmith

Journal of Marine Research

The Mediterranean and Red Seas are used as test volumes in an attempt to assess the accuracy of estimates of climatological air-sea fluxes calculated using meteorological observations from merchant ships….

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