Digital Commons Network^™

Creating A Random Number Generator Harnessing: Lava Lamps As A Source Of Randomness, Rachel Barter, Nicolas Guerra, Sarah O'Connor

Mathematics & Computer Science Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Solvability For Couple Nonlinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations, Ahmed A. Muhsen, Jamil A. Ali Al-Hawasy

Baghdad Science Journal

As it famous the solvability of any mathematical problem play an important rule for many investigators whose interested about the numerical solution for such mathematical problems because it gives them the green light about the ability to solve such problems numerically, besides to give the green light for solving numerically many real life problems in various field of sciences; like the physics, medicine, astronomy, chemistry, biology, different branch of engineering and many other fields. For this reason, this work is devoted to studying the solvability (in infinite dimension) of a couple of nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations (CNLEPDEs) with four …

Approximate Solution And Simulation For Fractional Burger Equation With Two Initial Conditions, Huda Emad Aldeen Jameel, Fatimah Ahmed Shihab, Saad Naji Al-Azzawi

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper considers the nonlinear homogeneous fractional Burger's equation as a type of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDE). Our goal in this paper is to show that an initial value problem (IVP) can be modified with a second initial condition when (α ∈ ( 1,2 ]) as the velocity of the movement, and the obtained solution agrees with the nature of the wave with space and time for the problem. The Caputo fractional derivative is used in all the fractional derivatives. Also, the algorithm of the Laplace transform decomposition method (LTDM) for fractional PDEs is presented. The approximate solution …

A Multi-Valued Rough Neutrosophic Approach For Multi-Criteria Decision-Making: Application In Hospital Selection, K. Gomathi, G. Deepa

Baghdad Science Journal

Decision-making problems are often characterized by complexity and uncertainty, presenting significant challenges for individuals or organizations. Traditional aggregation methods often struggle with the imprecise, inconsistent, and unclear data found in these situations. To address these issues, this study proposes a new multi-criteria decision-making method based on Multi-Valued Rough Neutrosophic Numbers. We first introduce the fundamental operational laws for multi-valued rough neutrosophic numbers, based on t-norm and t-conorm. Subsequently, we establish four new multi-valued rough neutrosophic number-based aggregation operators: the Multi-Valued Rough Neutrosophic Arithmetic Mean Operator, the Weighted Multi-Valued Rough Neutrosophic Arithmetic Mean Operator, the Multi-Valued Rough Neutrosophic Geometric Mean Operator, …

A Power Log-Logistic Modified Weibull Distribution: Model, Properties And A Simulation, Jumana A. Altawil

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper deals with a new model called the power log-logistic modified Weibull distribution (PLLoGMWD) using the power transformation method, which can be regarded as an extension of the distribution introduced by Broderick O. Oluyede et al. Several significant statistical properties of the power log-logistic modified Weibull distribution are computed, including reliability, hazard rate functions, reverse hazard function, rth moment, characteristic function, Renyi entropy, conditional moments, and the reliability stress strength model. The distribution function, density function, hazard rate function and reliability of the new model have several interesting properties, which are illustrated in the graphs of each function. The …

Infinitely Many Hidden Attractors In A Simple Six-Term Chaotic 2-Torus Snap System With A Line Of Equilibria, Sarbast Hussein Mikaeel, Irfan Ahmad, Rizgar H. Salih

Baghdad Science Journal

Chaotic systems with simple structures and controllable dynamics are highly desirable for practical applications, including secure communications, signal processing, and nonlinear control. However, most existing systems are too complex or lack flexibility in controlling signal amplitude and polarity. In this study, a simple chaotic snap system is considered that has a line of equilibria and is composed of six algebraic terms, with a single quadratic nonlinearity. In some regions of parameter space, a chaotic attractor coexists with a line equilibrium or with a limit cycle of period-2. The basin boundary of a limit cycle and chaotic attractor is smooth. Additionally, …

How To Effectively Trap Invasive Crayfish: A Discrete Life Stage Mathematical Model, Rini Pattison

Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium

The red swamp crayfish is an invasive species introduced into several streams within the Santa Monica Mountains (SMM). Crayfish predation decimates native aquatic species. The Mountains Restoration Trust (MRT) has worked to remove crayfish through regular trapping in Malibu Creek.

A prior student created a crayfish life cycle model with trapping, which we expand to better predict the efficacy of crayfish removal efforts in the SMM. We separate crayfish based upon life stages and sizes. We construct and parameterize this discrete crayfish population model with and without trapping. We use literature and crayfish removal data from MRT to fit the …

Instructors' Lived Experiences Of Using Authentic Assessments In College Calculus Courses Across The United States: A Phenomenological Study, Christy Hart Kains

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of instructors with authentic assessments in college calculus courses across the United States. The theory guiding this study was Astin’s student involvement theory, which provided a framework to study the involvement of students in higher education. The central research question for this study was: What are the lived experiences of instructors who utilize authentic assessments in college calculus courses across the United States? This study used a qualitative design following the transcendental phenomenological approach of Moustakas. The sample included 12 instructors from two-year and four-year colleges in …

When Are Two Polygons Fold Congruent?, Elena Ruiz, Benjamin Walden Philippi, Lucy Watson, Adam Cartisano

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Hilbert's Third Problem, presented in 1900, asked: given two polyhedra of equal volume, are they scissors-congruent? That is, can one always be cut into a finite number of pieces and be reassembled into the other?  In two dimensions, it is clear that two polygons have equal area if they are scissors congruent, but the converse was proved in 1807. The parallels between flat origami and polygonal decomposition suggest a common framework, which motivates us to define a notion of fold-congruence. We pose the question: are two polygons of equal area always fold-congruent? In this talk, we discuss preliminary investigations into …

The Impact Of Growth Mindset On Student Confidence And Performance In Mathematics, Micaela Büching

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Many educators frequently hear their students claim they are simply not a “math person.” This common phrase reflects a fixed mindset that can strongly impact a student's academic journey. This capstone project addresses the research question: In what ways does a growth mindset framework impact student confidence, effort, and academic performance in mathematics? A comprehensive literature review revealed that while growth mindset is a powerful tool for equity, successful implementation requires a shift in teacher beliefs and the integration of growth-oriented pedagogical strategies into daily classroom practice. In response, a three-part professional development series was designed for K–5 educators, focusing …

Practices That Improve Critical Thinking Development In Secondary Classrooms, Brian Mueggenberg

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

This capstone examines how mathematics teachers can more intentionally develop students’ critical thinking skills through classroom instruction and how professional development can support that practice. The guiding question for the project was: How can secondary mathematics teachers intentionally design and implement instructional strategies that promote students’ critical thinking within the constraints of classroom instruction? A review of educational research identified a recurring problem with traditional instructional practices: direct instruction effectively supports procedural fluency, but often provides limited opportunities to develop higher-order thinking and conceptual fluency. Key influences on this project included research on thinking classrooms, productive struggle, and dialogic teaching. …

Teacher Readiness And Attitudes Toward Digital Technology In Mathematics Classrooms, Nor Anis Amierah Mhd Pizor, Zarith Sofiah Othman

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

This study explores how digital technology is integrated into mathematics education, focusing on the views of secondary school mathematics teachers and using a quantitative research method through a survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine the factors influencing technology adoption, identify its barriers, and suggest strategies for enhancement. The novelty of this study lies in its development of an integrated perspective that simultaneously examines teachers’ readiness, experiential background, and attitudes alongside systemic constraints such as training, resource availability, and institutional support within the context of mathematics education. However, challenges such as inadequate training, limited resources, and lack …

Preferences For Mathematics And Science Education Majors Among Senior High School Students In Bataan, Zydrick L. Avelino

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This study examines the factors influencing Senior High School students’ preferences for Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) majors in Bagac and Morong, Bataan, with particular focus on the low interest in Mathematics and Science specializations despite increasing demand for STEM educators. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected from 369 students through a structured survey and analyzed using frequency and percentage distributions. The results reveal a strong preference for non-STEM majors, with Social Studies (42.12%) and English (35.04%) dominating, while Science (15.43%) and Mathematics (7.395%) received significantly lower interest. Personal interest emerged as the primary determinant (58.8%), followed by …

Weakening Relations Over Duals Of Limit Ordinals, Nikolaos Galatos, Isis A. Gallardo

Mathematics: Faculty Scholarship

We prove that all varieties generated by weakening relation algebras over duals of limit ordinals have a decidable equational theory. We also show that there are only countably-many such varieties and they form a chain that embeds in. The time warp algebra is isomorphic to one of these weakening relation algebras (over the dual of the naturals), so we obtain the main result of a recent publication as a special case. The algebras we study connect to the theory of relation algebras, to time warps and graded modalities, and to the algebraic semantics of substructural logics. Our methods are inspired …

Conics Through Inequivalent 5-Arcs In Pg(2, 32), Zainab Abbas Khalaf, Emad Bakr Al-Zangana

Baghdad Science Journal

A k-arcs is usually defined to be a set of k points in the projective plane such that some lines meets K in two points. A conic is an irreducible plane quadric curve with six terms. The first aim of the paper is to find the projectively inequivalent 5-arcs and 6-arcs in the finite projective plane over the Galois field of order two, and find the subgroups of PGL( 3,32 ) that are fixing these arcs. The second aim is to determine the conics form that passes through these 5-arcs and 6-arcs, and then parameterized. As an application to our …

On Graded Strongly J_Gr^Soc-2-Absorbing Submodules, Malak Alnimer, Khaldoun Al-Zoubi

Baghdad Science Journal

Let $\mathfrakB$ be a graded commutative ring with unity, and let $\mathfrakW$ be a graded unital $\mathfrakB$-module. This study introduces and develops the concept of graded strongly $J_gr^Soc$-2-absorbing submodules, a natural extension of graded $J_gr$-2-absorbing submodules within the framework of graded module theory. The motivation for this generalization stems from the need to better capture the interplay between graded algebraic structures and the behaviors of certain radicals and socles under graded operations. A properly graded submodule $N$ of $\mathfrakW$ is defined as a graded strongly $J_gr^Soc$-2-absorbing submodule if, for all $b,uin h( \mathfrakB )$ and $cin h( \mathfrakW )$, the …

Algebraic Invariants Of Multi-Virtual Links, Louis H. Kauffman, Sujoy Mukherjee, Petr Vojtěchovský

Mathematics: Faculty Scholarship

Multi-virtual knot theory was introduced in 2024 by the first author. In this paper, we initiate the study of algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links. After determining a generating set of (oriented) multi-virtual Reidemeister moves, we discuss the equivalence of multi-virtual link diagrams, particularly those that have the same virtual projections. We introduce operator quandles (that is, quandles with a list of pairwise commuting automorphisms) and construct an infinite family of connected operator quandles in which at least one third of right translations are distinct and pairwise commute. Using our set of generating moves, we establish the operator quandle coloring invariant …

Using The Karush-Kuhn-Tucher Optimization Method On A Finite Fuzzy Markov Chain, Marwan S. Jameel, Zeiad Yahya Ali Allawee, Rana Z Al-Kawaz, Sura J Hussein

Baghdad Science Journal

It is highly interesting to explore the implications of Markov chain stability because its importance in engineering, dynamic systems, energy subject and decision-making issues. This paper deals with a method to assess the stability of Markov chains, finishing our notes in finite fuzzy Markov chains. The optimization of KKT was evaluated in two approaches: a. For one thing, optimized KKT methods substitute the random transition probability with a fuzzy value in the transition matrix. The problem illustrates the efficacy of method in proving the unique properties for power bounds of a 3 × 3 matrix depending where on this it …

Predictive Reliability Assessment And Profit Optimization Of An Ice Cream Plant Using An Artificial Neural Network Technique, Akash Tewatia, Surbhi Gupta, Manju Kashyap, Archana Chauhan

Baghdad Science Journal

This study presents a reliability analysis of an ice cream manufacturing facility based on operational failure data. The research develops a ten-component system model that captures plant dynamics and organizes it into three subsystems to reduce computational complexity. The study derives key reliability parameters and constructs a state transition diagram to represent system behavior across multiple operating states. The analysis applies an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to address the limitations of conventional analytical methods in modeling complex nonlinear systems. The ANN provides strong predictive performance and manages uncertainty within the operational environment. The proposed framework estimates system reliability with high …

New Statistical Distribution Smart1, Saad Naji Al-Azzawi, Mahmood A. Shamran, Aseel H. Ali

Baghdad Science Journal

This paper introduces a new nonclassical statistical distribution, SMART1, derived from a nonpolynomial function. This function is used in ecology to model population growth rates, in medicine to classify the relationship between activity and tumor volume in cancer, and in economics to analyze the relationship between supply and demand. The proposed distribution differs from the Gompertz distribution, which is fundamentally based on the exponential function. By contrast, the SMART1 distribution is constructed on principles of mathematical analysis, specifically through the identification of local maximum endpoints of the Gompertz growth function and the subsequent verification that the resulting function satisfies the …

New Optimal Formulas To Conjugate Gradient Method For Image Noise Reduction, Basim A. Hassan, Mohammed W. Taha

Baghdad Science Journal

A key component of conjugate gradient (CG) algorithms is the directions used in the CG approach. Because of their low memory requirements, these directed methods have proven effective in various applications, especially image processing. For this study, we have developed a new conjugate gradient coefficient based on the well-known quadratic model, that will accelerate the convergence and increase the accuracy of the CG approach. Because the new method uses the second order curvature and provides improved direction. So, the global convergence and critical descent characteristics of the final algorithm provide reliable performance in a range of scenarios. The results of …

“I’M So Hungry”: Assessing Stem Sensemaking Through Data-Informed Writing, Bailey Nafziger, Alesia Mickle Moldavan, Katie Brkich

Journal of STEM Teacher Education

To engage elementary learners in the complex task of STEM sensemaking, teachers must entice and inspire learners to ask questions, explore, and communicate their findings. This article shares a 5E/3D lesson designed and taught in our elementary science methods courses to model how preservice teachers can integrate literacy and mathematics into a science investigation for STEM sensemaking. We modified a traditional lesson on bird beak adaptations to have a differentiated, interdisciplinary writing component justified by data. We discuss why data-supported literacy is a non-negotiable in science education reforms and how teachers can differentiate tasks to make scientific writing more approachable …

Path Odd-Covers Of Graphs, Steffen Borgwardt, Calum Buchanan, Eric Culver, Bryce Frederickson, Puck Rombach, Youngho Yoo

Mathematics: Faculty Scholarship

We introduce and study “path odd-covers,” a weakening of Gallai's path decomposition problem and a strengthening of the linear arboricity problem. The path odd-cover number  of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a collection of paths whose vertex sets are contained in  and whose symmetric difference of edge sets is. We prove an upper bound on  in terms of the maximum degree Δ and the number of odd-degree vertices  of the form . This bound is only a factor of 2 from a rather immediate lower bound of the form . We also investigate some natural relaxations of …

Self-Efficacy Traits Of First Year Corequisite Math Students: A Phenomenological Study, Johnny Reed Fleming

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand better the self-efficacy traits of first-year corequisite mathematics students at a regional, private, liberal arts university located in central Appalachia. The theory guiding this study is Bandura’s social cognitive theory as it pertains to participants’ beliefs in their ability to succeed in a college-level mathematics course and their perceived self-efficacy and reciprocal determinism regarding that success. The research questions in this study were designed to examine the perceived self-efficacy, factors of reciprocal determinism, and attitudes of students who experienced success in a credit-bearing mathematics course in college while subsequently enrolled in …

A Comparison Of Results Among Waste Management Producers: A Case Study For The Process Of Waste Management, Huda Hadi, Jabbar Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, we apply a mathematical model based on cooperative game theory to model cooperation among producers in waste management. Then, we use the Shapely value as a solution concept in a cooperative game to evaluate the cooperation existing among producers, in order to show the potential cost to the waste producers in the case of cooperation and reduce the overall costs of processing non-recyclable waste during the cooperation. Thus, this study concludes that all producers divide sanitary landfills or incineration of non-recyclable waste, meaning that for each producer who earns more, there will be a greater contribution to …

The Alternative Representation Of The Bipolar Sugeno Integral, Jabbar Abbas, Hossein Jafari

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the context of decision support systems, bi-capacities were introduced as an extension of classical capacities. Many bipolar fuzzy integrals related to the bi-capacities have been presented in recent years. One of these integrals is the Sugeno integral concerning aggregation on bipolar scales. The paper aims to build an equivalent representation of the bipolar Sugeno integral. Therefore, we first employ in this paper the framework based on a ternary-criterion set for proposing an alternative formula of the bipolar Sugeno integral to be suitable for bipolar scales.  Then, we discuss some basic properties and give an illustrative example of this representation. …

Growing Mathletes: Integrating Growth Mindset, Math, And Sports To Support Youth Learning, Sanlyn Buxner, Erin Turner, Seneca B. Miller, Christina Baze, Ricardo Valerdi

Journal of Youth Development

Through Growing Mathletes, we developed and field-tested informal education activities designed to teach math within the context of baseball in a way that supports youth in developing a growth mindset. We present our development strategy and discuss our implementation with third through eighth graders at five informal learning sites across the United States. Assessment of program success included pre- and post-program surveys and post-program interviews with youth from all five informal education settings. Our findings revealed our strategy to integrate growth mindset concepts with math and baseball lessons led to positive outcomes related to youth mindset and confidence. We present …

Math, And You! Math Tools Website For First-Grade Children With Instruction Provided Through Music Education, Tye Raymond

University Honors Theses

This thesis explores the conceptualization, exploration, and execution of a User Interface (UI) Design created as a supplemental mathematics education tool for grade one learners. Titled "Note Builder", this thesis project is a web design project, functioning as the prototype for a prospective website. Coding a website is a separate project; this project is comprised of the web design blueprint known as a prototype. The site uses a music-based digital reward system, which I constructed to motivate students as they explore new mathematics skills. All of the math questions used in this web design project are directly produced based on …

Inventory Control Model On Matrix Geometric Method For Intermittently Obtainable Server With Balking And Feedback In Markovian Queueing Model, Indumathi P, Kathikeyan K

Baghdad Science Journal

The paper deals with the problem of queueing-inventory system that has uncertain service conditions, and it discusses the contribution of server availability and customer behaviours like balking and feedback that are also added in to the system performance. In real life service and production situations, servers are not always available because of maintenance processes, capacity constraints, or other unforeseen disruptions. In order to simulate such characteristics, the system is modelled in a Markovian context where the interdependency between inventory levels, customer inflows, and server capacity is simulated. The time of customer arrivals is random and the time to serve is …

Oscillation Conditions For Solutions Of First Order Piecewise Constant Neutral Differential Equations, Sora Ali Majeed, Hussain Ali Mohamad

Baghdad Science Journal

The research seeks to examine a new form of equations as well as possible criteria for oscillation and non-oscillation for all solutions of first-order neutral differential equations with the piecewise constant, whether these oscillatory solutions are convergent or non-convergent, by finding sufficient conditions that guarantee the oscillation of all solutions of these equations. According to NDEPC, these equations contain three delays and three coefficients, which requires that part of the coefficients in this equation be piecewise continuous. In witch A function that assumes constant values over predetermined intervals is known as a piecewise constant argument (PCA). The biggest integer function …