Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluating And Optimizing Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions In A Digital Mental Health Intervention (Wysa For Chronic Pain) For Middle-Aged And Older Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol For A Series Of Randomized Trials, Abby L Cheng, Joanna Abraham, Sarah M Hartz, Eric B Laber, J Philip Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: On a population level, digital mental health interventions effectively reduce depression and anxiety symptoms. However, middle-aged and older adults with chronic pain and coexisting depression or anxiety have not been adequately represented in digital mental health studies.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to refine an existing mobile, digital mental health intervention (Wysa for Chronic Pain) that addresses symptoms of depression, anxiety, and coexisting chronic pain for the unique challenges and technology use patterns of middle-aged and older adults.

METHODS: Using a mixed methods, human-centered design approach and a series of randomized trials, we will test and iteratively …

Amino Acids And Cart Distinguish A-Β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes From Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes During Hyperglycemic Crises, Farook Jahoor, Jean W Hsu, Kelly R Keene, W Frank Peacock, Xiaofang Huang, Danielle Guffey, Jinyoung Byun, Rasmus Bennet, Ake Lernmark, Mustafa Tosur, Ashok Balasubramanyam

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Context: When clinically stable, patients with A-β+ ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) manifest unique markers of amino acid metabolism. Biomarkers differentiating KPD from type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) during hyperglycemic crises would accelerate diagnosis and management.

Objective: Compare serum metabolomics of KPD, T1D, and T2D patients during hyperglycemic crises, and utilize classification and regression tree (CART) modeling to distinguish these forms of diabetes.

Methods: At an urban hospital emergency center, adults with KPD, T1D, and T2D during hyperglycemic crises with or without diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and healthy controls, underwent comparisons of serum metabolite and hormonal profiles and CART analyses. …

Performance Of 123i-Ioflupane Spect Striatal Binding In Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Emily F. Maly, Frank P. Difilippo, Brittany Lapin, Yadi Li, Sarah Berman, Andrea C. Bozoki, Jori E. Fleisher, James E. Galvin, David J. Irwin, Carol F. Lippa, Irene Litvan, Debby W. Tsuang, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Angela S. Taylor, Lynn M. Bekris, Oscar L. Lopez, Douglas Galasko, James B. Leverenz

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine whether ¹²³I-ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) striatal binding ratio (SBR) correlated with parkinsonian motor symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and if SBR predicts worsening of parkinsonism over time.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of the U.S. Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium dataset including individuals with DLB with baseline ¹²³I-ioflupane SPECT analyzed with DaTQUANT and baseline and 24-month Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale–Part III (MDS-UPDRS-III). A subset had cerebrospinal fluid α-synuclein seed amplification assay (SAA) evaluation.

RESULTS: Baseline mean SBRs were significant predictors of baseline and 24-month MDS-UPDRS-III …

Notch1 Reverses Immune Suppression In Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Reactivation Of Sting, Yoo Sun Kim, Haobin Chen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Downregulation of antigen presentation and lack of immune infiltration are defining features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), limiting response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). While a high-MHC class I, immune-inflamed subset benefits from ICB, underlying mechanisms of immune response in SCLC have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that in the IMpower133 clinical trial, high, but not low, NOTCH1 expression was significantly associated with longer survival with the addition of ICB to chemotherapy among approximately 80% of SCLC patients with NE-enriched tumors (ASCL1-enriched, HR 0.39, P = 0.0012; NEUROD1-enriched, HR 0.44, P = 0.024). Overexpression or pharmacologic activation …

Educational Case: Diabetic Nephropathy, Emily W. Gripp, Joanna Chan

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Primary objective

The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see https://www.academicpathologyjournal.org/pcme.

Objective UTK5.4: Diabetic Nephropathy. Describe the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the associated clinicopathologic features. Competency 2: Organ System Pathology; Topic: Kidney (UTK); Learning Goal 5: Glomerular Disorders.

Secondary objective

Objective CHEM1.5: Renal Disorders. Discuss the …

Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study., James W. Antoon, Justin Z. Amarin, Olla Hamdan, Tess Stopczynski, Laura S. Stewart, Marian G. Michaels, John V. Williams, Eileen J. Klein, Janet A. Englund, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J. Harrison, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Flor M. Muñoz, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, James D. Chappell, Benjamin R. Clopper, Heidi L. Moline, Angela P. Campbell, Andrew J. Spieker, Samantha M. Olson, Natasha B. Halasa

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children.

METHODS: We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. The cohort consisted of children hospitalized with influenza A or B confirmed by clinical or research testing. The primary outcome was frequency of antiviral receipt during hospitalization. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted …

Association Between Climate Change Awareness And Depression & Anxiety: Findings From A U.S. Sample, Stanley Nkemjika, Colvette Brown, Henry Onyeaka, Srikanta Banerjee, Jennifer Oliphant

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Exploring the connection between climate change awareness and overall well-being is crucial, particularly in how it impacts both the environment and mental health. The mental health consequences of climate change and its awareness have not been thoroughly examined, especially in the U.S. In this study, the relationship between awareness of climate change and depression or anxiety among U.S. adults was explored. Similarly, the role of climate change awareness has not been explored in relation to mental health concerns.

METHODS: Based on the HINTS-6 dataset, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey conducted by the National Cancer Institute, a variety of statistical …

Rural Providers' Attitudes Toward Integrating Harm Reduction Strategies And Prep Prescribing Into Rural Primary Care Settings In The Us. Southeast And Midwest, Phillip L Marotta, Miryam Biaid, Virginia Mckay, Hilary Reno, Lindsey Filiatreau, Kaileigh Backes, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: People with opioid use disorders (OUD) living in the South and Midwest are under-prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) despite an increasing number of providers writing PrEP prescriptions in other regions of the United States. Greater research is needed into attitudes toward integrating harm reduction strategies into primary care and PrEP prescribing among prescribers working in rural primary care settings. The objective of this paper was to examine relationships between providers' attitudes toward buprenorphine and methadone, comprehensive harm reduction (e.g., fentanyl test strips) and self-reported PrEP prescribing in the past year.

METHODS: Relationships were examined between attitudes toward buprenorphine and harm …

Neurobehavioral Symptom Profiles For The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool In Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury, Shannon B Juengst, Brittany Wright, Annalyn Demello, Leia Vos, Fedora Biney, Luis Leon Novelo, Michael Williams

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To identify neurobehavioral symptom profiles among persons with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) and to consider participant characteristics that differ between profile groups.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Participants (n = 615) were English-speaking adults (≥18) and had a self-reported history of at least one TBI of any severity.

Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

Main measures: The BAST measures neurobehavioral symptoms in the domains of Negative Affect, Fatigue, Executive Dysfunction, Impulsivity, and Substance Misuse.

Results: Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we identified 3 different neurobehavioral profiles. Overall symptom frequency and differences in the …

Innate And Adaptive Immune Features Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events, Shaheen Khan, Venkat S Malladi, Mitchell S Von Itzstein, Hong Mu-Mosley, Farjana J Fattah, Yang Liu, Mary E Gwin, Jason Y Park, Suzanne M Cole, Sheena Bhalla, Jay Lohrey, David Hsiehchen, Angela Moses, Tao Wang, Yaming Xue, Angela B Mobley, J David Farrar, Marjaan Imam, Michelle Wu, Quan-Zhen Li, Edward K Wakeland, Yang Xie, Jeffrey A Sorelle, David E Gerber

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: While highly efficacious for numerous cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause unpredictable and potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), underscoring the need to understand irAE biology.

Methods: We used a multidimensional approach incorporating single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, multiplex cytokine assay, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) profiling to characterize the peripheral immune landscape of patients receiving ICI therapy according to irAE development.

Results: Analysis of 162 patients revealed that individuals who developed clinically significant irAEs exhibited a baseline proinflammatory, autoimmune-like state characterized by a significantly higher abundance of CD57+ T and natural killer (NK) T cells, plasmablasts, proliferating and …

High Beta Power In The Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Indexes Human Approach Behavior: A Case Study, Nicole R Provenza, Sameer V Rajesh, Gabriel Reyes, Kalman A Katlowitz, Lokesha S Pugalenthi, Raphael A Bechtold, Nabeel Diab, Sandesh Reddy, Anthony K Allam, Ajay D Gandhi, Katherine E Kabotyanski, Kasra A Mansourian, Jonathan H Bentley, Jordan R Altman, Saurabh Hinduja, Nisha Giridharan, Garrett P Banks, Mohammed Hasen, Ben Shofty, Sarah R Heilbronner, Jeffrey F Cohn, David A Borton, Eric A Storch, Jeffrey A Herron, Benjamin Y Hayden, Mary L Phillips, Wayne K Goodman, Sameer A Sheth

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an effective therapy for treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder (trOCD). DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy. These acute behavioral changes, which we refer to as “approach behaviors,” include increased social engagement and talkativeness. We investigated the relationship between stimulation amplitude, spectral power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and speech rate in one male patient with trOCD implanted with bilateral VC/VS DBS leads and subdural electrodes adjacent to the orbitofrontal cortex and vlPFC. Several times over the first 24 weeks of therapy, we conducted experiments …

Development Of A Patient-Centered Outcome Tool For Blepharospasm: A Stepwise Modified Delphi Study, Brian D Berman, Fares Qeadan, Amanda D Henderson, Andrew R Harrison, Giovanni Defazio, Mark Hallett, Gamze Kilic-Berkmen, Laura Wright, Samantha Pentecost, Paul Reyes, Anna Tingin, Joseph Jankovic, Jane Boyd, Charlene Hudgins, Janet Hieshetter, Joel S Perlmutter, Hyder A Jinnah, Sarah Pirio Richardson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Blepharospasm (BSP) is characterized by excessive orbicularis oculi muscle activity leading to abnormal blinking and involuntary eyelid closure. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are the main treatment for BSP, but they only partially and transiently relieve symptoms, leading to a waxing and waning therapeutic response. A patient-centered outcome (PCO) tool that measures BSP symptoms in a simple and efficient way could inform the development of better treatments. Using a stepwise modified Delphi approach, potential PCO items were first identified using the Dystonia Coalition Database with data from over 200 individuals with BSP who had provided responses to existing clinical assessment scales. …

Development Of A Patient-Centered Outcome Tool For Blepharospasm: A Stepwise Modified Delphi Study, Brian D Berman, Laura Wright, Joel S Perlmutter, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Blepharospasm (BSP) is characterized by excessive orbicularis oculi muscle activity leading to abnormal blinking and involuntary eyelid closure. Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections are the main treatment for BSP, but they only partially and transiently relieve symptoms, leading to a waxing and waning therapeutic response. A patient-centered outcome (PCO) tool that measures BSP symptoms in a simple and efficient way could inform the development of better treatments. Using a stepwise modified Delphi approach, potential PCO items were first identified using the Dystonia Coalition Database with data from over 200 individuals with BSP who had provided responses to existing clinical assessment scales. …

Community Mobilisation For Adoption Of Clean Cookstoves And Clean Fuel To Reduce Household Air Pollution And Blood Pressure In Lagos, Nigeria: Protocol For A Cluster-Randomised Trial, Ololade Wright, Juliet Iwelunmor, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: In Africa, 75% of households are exposed to household air pollution (HAP), a key contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Nigeria, 90 million households rely on solid fuels for cooking, and 40% of adults have hypertension. Though clean fuel and clean stove (CF-CS) technologies can reduce HAP and CVD risk, their adoption in Africa remains limited.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment framework, this cluster-randomised controlled trial evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of a community mobilisation (CM) strategy versus a self-directed condition (i.e., receipt of information on CF-CS use without CM) on adoption of CF-CS …

Sleep Architecture And Dementia Risk In Adults: An Analysis Of 5 Cohorts From The Sleep And Dementia Consortium, Stephanie Yiallourou, Andree-Ann Baril, Crystal Wiedner, Jeffrey R Misialek, Christopher E Kline, Stephanie Harrison, Ethan Cannon, Qiong Yang, Rebecca Bernal, Alycia Bisson, Dibya Himali, Marina Cavuoto, Antoine Weihs, Alexa Beiser, Rebecca F Gottesman, Yue Leng, Oscar Lopez, Pamela L Lutsey, Shaun M Purcell, Susan Redline, Sudha Seshadri, Katie L Stone, Kristine Yaffe, Sonia Ancoli-Israel, Qian Xiao, Eleni Okeanis Vaou, Jayandra J Himali, Matthew P Pase

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Study objectives: Poor sleep may play a role in the risk of dementia. However, few studies have investigated the association between polysomnography (PSG)-derived sleep architecture and dementia incidence. We examined the relationship between sleep architecture and dementia incidence across five US-based cohort studies from the Sleep and Dementia Consortium.

Methods: Percent of time spent in stages of sleep (N1, N2, N3, rapid eye movement sleep), wake after sleep onset, sleep maintenance efficiency, apnea-hypopnea index, and relative delta power were derived from a single night home-based PSG. Dementia was ascertained in each cohort using its cohort-specific criteria. Each cohort performed Cox …

Testis Expressed 50 Is Essential For Maintaining Sperm Acrosome Integrity During Epididymal Transit, Saori Haga, Kaori Nozawa, Ferheen Abbasi, Katarzyna Kent, Naoko Nagasawa, Tsutomu Endo, Haruhiko Miyata, Masahito Ikawa, Martin M Matzuk, Yoshitaka Fujihara

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In mammals, sperm formation is completed in the seminiferous tubules within the testis, and sperm maturation occurs during the epididymal transit of the spermatozoa. Sperm morphology drastically changes when abnormal spermatozoa migrate from the testis to the epididymis. Detailed molecular mechanisms for sperm survival in the epididymis have not been determined yet. Globozoospermia is a cause of male infertility and is characterized by round-headed spermatozoa without acrosomes, an abnormal sperm nuclear membrane, and sperm midpiece defects. Testis expressed 50 (Tex50) is a testis-enriched gene that is expressed in mice and humans. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated Tex50 knockout (KO) …

Endothelin B Receptor Inhibition Rescues Aging-Dependent Neuronal Regenerative Decline, Rui Feng, Sarah F Rosen, Irshad Ansari, Sebastian John, Michael B Thomsen, Oshri Avraham, Cedric G Geoffroy, Valeria Cavalli

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Peripheral sensory neurons regenerate their axons after injury to regain function, but this ability declines with age. The mechanisms behind this decline are not fully understood. While excessive production of endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is linked to many diseases that increase with age, the role of ET-1 and its receptors in axon regeneration is unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that satellite glial cells (SGCs), which completely envelop the sensory neuron soma residing in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), express the endothelin B receptor (ETBR), while ET-1 is expressed by endothelial cells. Inhibition of ETBR ex vivo …

Association Between Conversational Multitasking And Clinician Work Behaviors At A Large Us Health Care System: Cohort Study, Linlin Xia, Daphne Lew, Laura Baratta, Elise Eiden, Sunny Lou, Thomas Kannampallil

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Clinical communication is central to the delivery of effective, timely, and safe patient care. The use of text-based tools for clinician-to-clinician communication-commonly referred to as secure messaging-has increased exponentially over the past decade. The use of secure messaging has a potential impact on clinician work behaviors, workload, and cognitive burden.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between conversational multitasking-engaging in multiple concurrent, text-based secure messaging conversations-and clinician workload and cognitive burden for inpatient care.

METHODS: This observational cohort study included attending physicians, trainee physicians, and advanced practice providers who worked in an inpatient setting …

Integrative Analysis Of Lung Adenocarcinoma Across Diverse Ethnicities And Exposures, Shankha Satpathy, Natalie M Clark, Yi-Ju Chen, Noshad Hosseini, Ya-Hsuan Chang, Yi Hsiao, Jonathan T Lei, Francesca Petralia, Jin-Shing Chen, Yifat Geffen, David I Heiman, Indranil Paul, Hanbyul Cho, Michelle Hollenberg, Giacomo B Marino, Kuen-Tyng Lin, Rahul Mannan, C Jackson White, Joe Allen, Shayan C Avanessian, M Harry Kane, Ashley Wolfe, Miloni Kinarivala, Wenke Liu, Shankara Anand, Mong-Wei Lin, Moe Haines, Erik J Bergstrom, Grant Hussey, Ginny Xiaohe Li, Deepak C Mani, Hao Fang, Eric J Jaehnig, Hasmik Keshishian, Brecca Miller, Kang-Yi Su, Yi-Jing Hsiao, Hsao-Hsun Hsu, Min-Shu Hsieh, Kuo-Hsuan Hsu, Alexi Monovoukas, Simone Gohsman, John R Thorup, Yamei Deng, Yo Akiyama, Eden Deng, Eric Sheng-Wen Chen, Azra Krek, Rodrigo Espinoza, Weiping Ma, Daniel Charytonowicz, Robert Sebra, Jyun-Hong Lin, Yan-Si Chen, Yin-Chen Hsu, Ze-Shiang Lin, Kun-Chieh Chen, Chang-Wei Yeh, Yu-Tai Wang, Alexander J Lazar, Mehdi Mesri, Eunkyung An, Xu Zhang, Karl R Clauser, David Fenyö, Arul M Chinnaiyan, Bing Zhang, Li Ding, Kelly Ruggles, Chelsea Newton, Hui Zhang, Pei Wang, Galen Hostetter, Gilbert S Omenn, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Ramaswamy Govindan, Paul Paik, Abhijit Parolia, Qing K Li, Avi Ma'ayan, Gad A Getz, Saravana M Dhanasekaran, Ana I Robles, Gee-Chen Chang, Pan-Chyr Yang, Sung-Liang Yu, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Alexey I Nesvizhskii, Steven A Carr, D R Mani, Marcin P Cieslik, Yu-Ju Chen, Michael A Gillette, Taiwan Cancer Moonshot Program, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are a pressing global health problem with enduring lethality and rapidly shifting epidemiology. Proteogenomic studies integrating proteomics and post-translational modifications with genomics can identify clinical strata and oncogenic mechanisms, but have been underpowered to examine effects of ethnicity, smoking and environmental exposures, or sex on this heterogeneous disease. This comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of LUAD tumors and matched normal adjacent tissues from 406 patients across diverse geographic and demographic backgrounds explores the impact of understudied driver mutations, prognostic role of chromosomal instability, patterns of immune signaling, differential and sex-specific effects of endogenous mutagens and environmental carcinogens, and pathobiology …

Identification Of Cobra And Viper Bites In Southern India Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Tejeswara Rao Asuru, Raskin Erusan Rajagopal, Albert Rajendran, Gulistan Parveen, Anushka Das, Pabitha Devi, Swapan K Dasgupta, Shantaraman Kalyanaraman, Prasenjit Guchhait, Perumal Thiagarajan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Snakebite-related deaths are major concerns in populations worldwide that lack access to medical care. Current treatment of snakebites includes administration of polyspecific and polyvalent heterologous equine antiserum. Swift diagnosis of the species of snake responsible is essential to initiate a specific treatment.

Methods: We generated murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the venom of the 3 most common venomous snakes in southern India: the Russell viper, the saw-scaled viper, and the Indian cobra. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to distinguish the snake by analyzing the exudates from the snakebite wound.

Results: Monoclonal antibody EC3 reacts specifically with …

Impacts Of Environmental Distractions And Interruptions On Unsupervised Digital Cognitive Assessments In Older Adults: Cognitive Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Matthew Welhaf, Hannah Wilks, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Samhita Katteri, John C Morris, Jason J Hassenstab

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Unsupervised cognitive assessments are becoming commonly used in studies of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. As assessments are completed in everyday environments and without a proctor, there are concerns about how common distractions may impact performance and whether these distractions may differentially impact those experiencing the earliest symptoms of dementia.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the impact of self-reported interruptions, testing location, and social context during testing on remote cognitive assessments in older adults.

METHODS: Participants from the Ambulatory Research in Cognition smartphone study were classified as cognitively normal (n=380) or as having very mild dementia (n=37). Participants completed daily tests of …

Co-Occurrence Of Congenital Anomalies And Childhood Brain Tumors In 22 Million Live Births, Thanh T Hoang, Jeremy M Schraw, Charles Shumate, Tania A Desrosiers, Wendy N Nembhard, Mahsa Yazdy, Eirini Nestoridi, Amanda E Janitz, Russell S Kirby, Jason L Salemi, Jean Paul Tanner, Tiffany M Chambers, Michael D Taylor, Chad D Huff, Sharon E Plon, Philip J Lupo, Michael E Scheurer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Children born with a congenital anomaly have a higher risk of developing a brain tumor during childhood or adolescence, but the co-occurrence between specific types of congenital anomalies and specific types of childhood brain tumors (CBTs) is not well described. This study characterized the associations between specific congenital anomalies and CBTs.

Methods: We leveraged a population-based registry linkage study of births (1990-2018), congenital anomalies, and cancer from 9 states (n = 22,599,099 births). Congenital anomalies were classified as major structural without a known chromosomal or genetic syndrome, chromosomal, neurofibromatosis, and/or tuberous sclerosis complex. CBT classification was based on the …

Postoperative Fluid Restriction To Prevent Delayed Hyponatremia After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery, Doriann Klaassen, Shinghei Mok, Jenie Y Hwang, Kelley J Williams, Brendan M Fong, Ralph G Dacey, Nyssa F Farrell, Joshua W Osbun, Keith M Rich, Lauren T Roland, John S Schneider, Gregory J Zipfel, Chongliang Luo, Albert H Kim, Julie M Silverstein, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Readmission following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) and other sellar pathology is most commonly due to delayed hyponatremia. Studies suggest postoperative fluid restriction (FR) reduces delayed hyponatremia. We present a prospective randomized controlled study evaluating post-EETS FR.

METHODS: 300 participants were scheduled for EETS (2016-2023) at a single institution. Patients with CKD, CHF, arginine vasopressin deficiency on postoperative day (POD) 3, chronic hyponatremia, and untreated adrenal insufficiency or hypothyroidism were excluded. Groups included control (ad-lib, n = 94), moderate FR (1.8 L/day or 2 L/day weight > 100 kg, n = 39), and strict FR …

Modeling The Impact Of Mmr Vaccination Strategies On Measles Outbreaks In Texas, Kaiming Bi, Thuy Nguyen, Boya Peng, Trudy Krause, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban, Janelle Rios, Cici Bauer, Catherine Troisi, Eric Boerwinkle, Aanand D Naik

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Identifying Bio-Behavioural Signatures Of Persistent Opioid Use Risk In Trauma Injury Patients: A Protocol For A Prospective Cohort Study, Joy M Schmitz, Jin Ho Yoon, Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon, John A Harvin, Preethi H Gunaratne, Darrion Mouton, Kandice Motley, Erin E Fox, Jessica Vincent, Megan Tarbet, Consuelo Walss-Bass

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Exposure to prescription opioids following traumatic injury can increase the risk of developing tolerance, persistent opioid use and opioid use disorder. The mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance or dependence are not well understood, and no biomarkers predict risk. Opioid exposure causes epigenetic modifications, including alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression. Several miRNAs, which regulate synaptic plasticity, are hypothesised to underlie substance use disorders and influence µ-opioid receptor levels, modulating opioid tolerance. This project aims to develop a bio-behavioural signature to predict persistent opioid use and chronic pain up to 6 months post-discharge.

Methods and analysis: The study will use a prospective …

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms And Gulf War Illness In A Clinical Cohort Of Us Veterans: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study, Abdelrahman Yousef, Sarah T Ahmed, Theresa H Nguyen Wenker, Alice B S Nono-Djotsa, Stephen H Boyle, Elizabeth J Gifford, Deeksha Malhotra, Helena Chandler, Sandhya Bandi, Drew A Helmer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Approximately 30% of the 700 000 US Gulf War Veterans (GWVs) report symptoms collectively termed Gulf War Illness (GWI), a multisymptom illness of uncertain pathophysiology. Prior studies in GWI focus on overlap with irritable bowel syndrome. This study examines the associations between upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms, GWI and specialty GI care.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed GWVs referred to a Veterans Health Administration clinical War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center (2008-2020). Symptoms, demographics, military service and clinical history were obtained from self-reported intake packets. GWI was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria requiring moderate-to-severe symptoms …

Blue Light As An Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Strategy In Thoracic Trauma (Blaastt): Protocol For A Randomised Controlled Trial In Adult Trauma Inpatients With Painful Rib Fractures, Rebecca E Kotcher, Matthew R Rosengart, Luca La Colla, Hsing-Hua Sylvia Lin, Keith M Vogt, Yan Xu, Matthew D Neal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Blue light (peak wavelength 442 nm) has been shown to modulate the immune response in preclinical models of intra-abdominal sepsis and pneumonia.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a randomised controlled trial in which adult trauma inpatients (

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Full ethical approval for this trial has been granted by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. On study completion, results will be published in the peer-reviewed literature and at ClinicalTrials.gov.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06626334.

Lewy Body Dementia Promotion By Air Pollutants, Xiaodi Zhang, Haiqing Liu, Xiao Wu, Longgang Jia, Kundlik Gadhave, Lena Wang, Kevin Zhang, Hanyu Li, Rong Chen, Ramhari Kumbhar, Ning Wang, Chantelle E Terrillion, Bong Gu Kang, Bin Bai, Minhan Park, Ma Cristine Faye Denna, Shu Zhang, Wenqiang Zheng, Denghui Ye, Xiaoli Rong, Liu Yang, Lili Niu, Han Seok Ko, Weiyi Peng, Lingtao Jin, Mingyao Ying, Liana S Rosenthal, David W Nauen, Alex Pantelyat, Mahima Kaur, Kezia Irene, Liuhua Shi, Rahel Feleke, Sonia García-Ruiz, Mina Ryten, Valina L Dawson, Francesca Dominici, Rodney J Weber, Xuan Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Ted M Dawson, Shizhong Han, Xiaobo Mao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Evidence links air pollution to dementia, yet its role in Lewy body dementia (LBD) remains unclear. Here we showed in a cohort of 56.5 million individuals across the U.S. that PM2.5 exposure raises LBD risk. Mechanistically, we found PM2.5 exposure led to brain atrophy in wild-type mice, an effect not seen in α-synuclein (αSyn)-deficient mice. PM2.5 exposure generated a highly pathogenic αSyn strain, PM-PFF, with enhanced proteinase K-resistance and neurotoxicity, resembling αSyn LBD strains. PM2.5 samples from China, the U.S., and Europe consistently induced proteinase-resistant αSyn strains and in vivo pathology. Transcriptomic analyses revealed shared responses between PM2.5-exposed mice and …

Detection Of Cancers Three Years Prior To Diagnosis Using Plasma Cell-Free Dna, Yuxuan Wang, Corinne E Joshu, Samuel D Curtis, Christopher Douville, Vernon A Burk, Meng Ru, Maria Popoli, Janine Ptak, Lisa Dobbyn, Natalie Silliman, Josef Coresh, Eric Boerwinkle, Anna Prizment, Chetan Bettegowda, Kenneth W Kinzler, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Elizabeth A Platz, Bert Vogelstein

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

To explore how early can cancers be detected prior to clinical signs or symptoms, we assessed prospectively collected serial plasma samples from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, including 26 participants diagnosed with cancer and 26 matched controls. At the index time point, eight of these 52 participants scored positively with a multicancer early detection (MCED) test. All eight participants were diagnosed with cancer within 4 months after blood collection. In six of these 8 participants, we were able to assess an earlier plasma sample collected 3.1 to 3.5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. In four of these six …

Risk Of Clonal Hematopoiesis In Families Exposed To Radiation Following The Chornobyl Accident, Mitchell J Machiela, Irenaeus Chan, Kelly Bolton, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Radiation exposure is a well-established risk factor for leukemia. Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), the expansion of mutated hematopoietic cells, is also associated with increased leukemia risk and its frequency is higher in cancer patients following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We investigated whether low to moderate environmental ionizing radiation determined by state-of-the-art dosimetric analysis was associated with CH in the Chornobyl Family Study (CFS). Our study conducted targeted high-depth sequencing and array genotyping to identify and characterize clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) in 882 participants from 292 CFS families. Fathers had mean bone marrow radiation doses of …