Digital Commons Network^™

Optimal Delay Time To Initiate Anticoagulation After Ischemic Stroke In Atrial Fibrillation: A Pragmatic, Response-Adaptive Randomized Clinical Trial, Steven J Warach, Lisa A Davis, Patrick Lawrence, Byron Gajewski, Jo Wick, Fred Shi, Ty T Shang, Daiwai M Olson, Sidarrth Prasad, Lee Birnbaum, Jody M Richardson, Sean I Savitz, Mark P Goldberg, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Israel Alba, Jane Anderson, Barbara Kimmel, Chethan P Venkatasubba Rao, Ben King, Adrienne N Dula, Truman J Milling

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Clinical practice guidelines recommend initiation of anticoagulation within 2 weeks after stroke with atrial fibrillation. It is unknown whether there is an optimal starting day within the 14-day period that balances the risks of recurrent embolic events against serious hemorrhagic events.

Objective: To determine if there is an optimal delay time to initiate treatment with a direct oral anticoagulant after atrial fibrillation-related stroke that minimizes the risk of a composite outcome of ischemic or hemorrhagic events.

Design, setting, and participants: This phase 2, pragmatic, response-adaptive randomized clinical trial was conducted between June 2017 and June 2023 at acute care …

Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (Sans) And Its Countermeasures, Tuan Nguyen, Joshua Ong, Tyson Brunstetter, C Robert Gibson, Brandon R Macias, Steven Laurie, Thomas Mader, Alan Hargens, Jay C Buckey, Mimi Lan, Peter Wostyn, Cihan Kadipasaoglu, Scott M Smith, Sara R Zwart, Benjamin J Frankfort, Sarah Aman, Jessica M Scott, Ethan Waisberg, Mouayad Masalkhi, Andrew G Lee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Astronauts can develop a distinct collection of neuro-ophthalmic findings during long duration spaceflight, collectively known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS). These clinical characteristics include optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shifts, globe flattening, and chorioretinal folds, which may pose a health risk for future space exploration. Obtaining knowledge of SANS and countermeasures for its prevention is crucial for upcoming crewed space missions and warrants a multidisciplinary approach. This review examines the potential causes and countermeasures of SANS, including space anticipation glasses, lower body negative pressure, venoconstrictive thigh cuffs, impedance threshold devices, translaminar pressure gradient modulation, centrifugation, artificial gravity, pharmaceuticals, and …

Kinasefusiondb: An Integrative Knowledge Of Kinase Fusion Proteins In Multi-Scales, Himansu Kumar, Zikang Chen, Abayomi Adegunlehin, Loren Trowbridge, Leonardo Aguilar, Pora Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Kinase fusion genes were the most targeted fusion gene group among multiple major cellular gene groups. Kinase inhibitors disrupt aberrant signaling cascades and inhibit tumor progression, yet the specific mechanisms of action of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved inhibitors in the context of kinase fusion oncoproteins remain largely unknown. This gap limits our ability to develop personalized therapies and next-generation kinase inhibitors. To address this, we developed a novel in silico pipeline for predicting 3D structures of kinase fusion proteins and performing structure-based virtual screening. This approach enables large-scale structural annotation and drug screening across pan-cancer kinase fusions. …

Maternal Cardiometabolic Risk Factors In Pregnancy And Offspring Blood Pressure At Age 2 To 18 Years., Zhongzheng Niu, Ako Adams Ako, Sarah Dee Geiger, Caitlin G. Howe, Wei Perng, Rachana Singh, Margaret R. Karagas, Amy J. Elliott, Andrea Cassidy-Bushrow, Carlos A. Camargo, Keia Sanderson, Cynthia T. Mcevoy, Emily Oken, Dana Dabelea, Tina V. Hartert, Brian S. Carter, Annemarie Stroustrup, Andrea Lampland, Thomas G. O'Connor, Semsa Gogcu, Mark L. Hudak, Lyndsey E. Shorey-Kendrick, Qi Zhao, Yu Ni, Jeffrey Vanwormer, Assiamira Ferrara, Monique Hedderson, Yeyi Zhu, Akram Alshawabkeh, Jose Cordero, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Susan Carnell, Carrie V. Breton, Theresa M. Bastain, Shohreh F. Farzan, Echo Cohort Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Higher blood pressure in early life may signal cardiovascular disease over the life course, but determinants of blood pressure in early life are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of maternal cardiometabolic risk factors during pregnancy with offspring blood pressure from age 2 to 18 years and explore whether the association is modified by offspring sex and race and ethnicity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study analyzed data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program between January 1, 1994, and March 31, 2023. Three common maternal cardiometabolic risk factors during pregnancy were examined: prepregnancy obesity, …

Enterovirus D68-Associated Respiratory Illness In Children., Benjamin R. Clopper, Adriana S. Lopez, Leah A. Goldstein, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Ariana P. Toepfer, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Leila C. Sahni, Julie A. Boom, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Eileen J. Klein, Janet A. Englund, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Heidi L. Moline, Claire M. Midgley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) typically causes mild to severe acute respiratory illness (ARI). Testing and surveillance for EV-D68 in the US are limited, and important epidemiologic gaps remain.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the epidemiology and clinical severity of EV-D68 among US children seeking care for ARI from 2017 to 2022, using a multisite, active, systematic surveillance network.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study collected data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, an active, prospective, population-based surveillance system of emergency departments (EDs) and hospitals at 7 US academic medical centers. Children with ARI and EV-D68-positive results were enrolled during platform-wide EV-D68 …

A Scoping Review Of Sexual And Reproductive Health Interventions With Youth In U.S. Juvenile Facilities., April Mcneill-Johnson, Jason Glenn, Nekia Ivory Daniel, Mira Menon, Basil H. Aboul-Enein, Patricia J. Kelly, Megha Ramaswamy

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Youth placed in U.S. juvenile detention facilities face multilevel barriers that contribute to disparate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes when compared to their peers in the general adolescent population. Minimal information is available about evidence-based interventions that have been effective in changing these outcomes. The aim of this scoping review was to focus on the current state of SRH and identify recommendations for SRH care. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping reviews guidelines, we searched electronic databases for publications published through March 2024. The search terms were designed to find intervention studies focusing …

Changes In Adequacy Of Splanchnic Oxygen Delivery And Splanchnic Artery Doppler After Bolus Feedings In Infants: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Rohit S. Loomba, Saloni P. Sheth, Joshua Wong, Megan Davis, Juan S. Farias, Enrique G. Villarreal, Saul Flores

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Current practice regarding timing of feed initiation and feed tolerance largely relies on anecdotal practice and protocols. This study aims to provide an objective measure to guide clinical practice by analyzing changes in splanchnic regional oxygen saturation and Doppler patterns with feeds.

METHODS: A systematic review was performed. Inclusion criteria were: 1) patients under 1 year of age; 2) splanchnic regional oxygen saturation with near infrared spectroscopy before and after feeds or mesenteric Doppler findings before and after feeds; and 3) clinical parameters must have been presented as either mean and standard deviation or median and range. Endpoints of …

Phenotypic Spectrum Of Gna11 R183c Mosaicism., Donglin Zhang, Luis Fernando Sánchez-Espino, Marta Ivars, Elena Pope, Amy J. Nopper, Lisa M. Arkin, Megha M. Tollefson, Cinzia E. Lavarino, Maya Muldowney, Nagore Gené Olaciregui, Sonia Paco, Beth A. Drolet, Eulàlia Baselga

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Many vascular anomalies harbor postzygotic somatic variants in GNAQ and GNA11; however, the phenotype of specific G-protein variants has not been well described. We report the clinical characteristics of 17 patients with a GNA11 R183C variant.

METHODS: This case series is derived from a multinational cohort of vascular anomaly patients whose pathogenic mutations were identified using high-depth next generation sequencing. Data include vascular anomaly features, imaging reports, and extracutaneous manifestations of the GNA11 R183C variant.

RESULTS: We identified 17 subjects (median age 18 years [range 6-67]) with somatic GNA11 R183C variant. All patients had vascular lesions of the skin …

Trajectories Of Attention Problems In Preschoolers Born Very Preterm., Marie Camerota, Francisco Xavier Castellanos, Brian S. Carter, Jennifer Check, Jennifer Helderman, Julie A. Hofheimer, Elisabeth C. Mcgowan, Charles R. Neal, Steven L. Pastyrnak, Lynne M. Smith, Thomas Michael O'Shea, Carmen J. Marsit, Barry M. Lester

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Children born preterm are at heightened risk for neurodevelopmental impairment, including specific deficits in attention. Few studies have investigated change over time in attention problems prior to school entry. The current study aims to describe trajectories of attention problems from age 2 through 5 years in a cohort of children born(GA), identify sociodemographic, medical, and neurobehavioral characteristics associated with attention trajectories, and test whether attention problem trajectories predict the risk of a reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis.

METHODS: We studied 608 infants from the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) Study, a prospective, multisite study of …

Risk Analysis Index For Estimation Of 30-Day Postoperative Mortality In Hip Fractures., Nithin K Gupta, Hikmat R Chmait, Vikram Gill, Morgan Turnow, Taylor Manes, Benjamin C Taylor, Jack W Weick, Christian Bowers

Surgery Articles

IMPORTANCE: Hip fractures present a substantial public health challenge, with projections of more than 500 000 per year by 2040. As such, frailty indices such as the Revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI) and the Modified Five-Item Frailty Index (mFI-5) have been recently investigated as metrics for preoperative risk stratification for these patients.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the accuracy of frailty, as measured by the RAI and the mFI-5, for estimating 30-day mortality following surgically managed hip fractures.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cross-sectional analysis used the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement database. Patients aged 65 years old …

Demographics And Clinical Features Associated With Abnormal Small Bowel Motility In Systemic Sclerosis, Jenice X Cheah, Jamie Perin, Michael Hughes, Christopher A Mecoli, Julie J Paik, Laura K Hummers, Ami A Shah, Zsuzsanna H Mcmahan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: The small bowel is affected in up to 50% of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and some patients experience severe complications. Our aim was to use specific statistical methods to compare demographic and clinical features of SSc patients with and without abnormal small bowel to better characterize patients at risk for this complication.

Methods: SSc patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were prospectively enrolled and underwent a scintigraphy-based whole gut transit (WGT) study. A cross-sectional analysis was performed comparing clinical features between patients with and without abnormal small bowel transit by WGT. Univariate logistic regression models and multivariable models were used to …

A Cerebrospinal Fluid Synaptic Protein Biomarker For Prediction Of Cognitive Resilience Versus Decline In Alzheimer's Disease, Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh, Yuanyuan Shen, Jigyasha Timsina, Chengran Yang, Daniel Western, Muhammad Ali, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely heterogeneous. Although biomarkers for amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins, the hallmark AD pathologies, have improved pathology-based diagnosis, they explain only 20-40% of the variance in AD-related cognitive impairment (CI). To discover novel biomarkers of CI in AD, we performed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics on 3,397 individuals from six major prospective AD case-control cohorts. Synapse proteins emerged as the strongest correlates of CI, independent of Aβ and tau. Using machine learning, we derived the CSF YWHAG:NPTX2 synapse protein ratio, which explained 27% of the variance in CI beyond CSF pTau

Vascular Rings - What Has Changed, And What Do I Need To Know As A Practitioner?, Sarah Madira, William B Orr, Joshua M Rosenblum, Ryan Pitman, Quang-Tuyen Nguyen, David Molter, Ashley Lloyd, Julie Glickstein, Markus Renno, Pirooz Eghtesady, Jacob R Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vascular rings represent a heterogeneous set of aberrant great vessel anatomic configurations which can cause respiratory symptoms or dysphagia due to tracheal or oesophageal compression. These symptoms can be subtle and may present at varied ages. More recently, many have been identified in patients without symptoms, including fetal echocardiogram, resulting in a conundrum for practitioners when attempting to determine who will benefit from surgical correction. Here, we provide a review of vascular rings and a guide to the practitioner on when to consider additional imaging or referral. Additionally, we discuss the changing landscape regarding asymptomatic patients and fetal echocardiogram.

A Standardized Nomenclature For The Rods And Cones Of The Vertebrate Retina, Tom Baden, Takeshi Yoshimatsu, Joseph C. Corbo, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Vertebrate photoreceptors have been studied for well over a century, but a fixed nomenclature for referring to orthologous cell types across diverse species has been lacking. Instead, photoreceptors have been variably-and often confusingly-named according to morphology, presence/absence of 'rhodopsin', spectral sensitivity, chromophore usage, and/or the gene family of the opsin(s) they express. Here, we propose a unified nomenclature for vertebrate rods and cones that aligns with the naming systems of other retinal cell classes and that is based on the photoreceptor type's putative evolutionary history. This classification is informed by the functional, anatomical, developmental, and molecular identities of the neuron …

Clinical Correlates Of A High Cardiorespiratory Risk Score For Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Sherry L Kausch, Claire C Slevin, Amanda Duncan, Karen D Fairchild, Douglas E Lake, Jessica Keim-Malpass, Zachary A Vesoulis, Brynne A Sullivan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A pulse oximetry warning system (POWS) to analyze heart rate and oxygen saturation data and predict risk of sepsis was developed for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

METHODS: We determined the clinical correlates and positive predictive value (PPV) of a high POWS score in VLBW infants. In a two-NICU retrospective study, we identified times when POWS increased above 6 (POWS spike). We selected an equal number of control times, matched for gestational and chronologic age. We reviewed records for infection and non-infection events around POWS spikes and control times. We calculated the frequencies and PPV of a POWS …

Impact Of Chatgpt And Large Language Models On Radiology Education: Association Of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper, David H Ballard, Alexander Antigua-Made, Emily Barre, Elizabeth Edney, Emile B Gordon, Linda Kelahan, Taha Lodhi, Jonathan G Martin, Melis Ozkan, Kevin Serdynski, Bradley Spieler, Daphne Zhu, Scott J Adams

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Generative artificial intelligence, including large language models (LLMs), holds immense potential to enhance healthcare, medical education, and health research. Recognizing the transformative opportunities and potential risks afforded by LLMs, the Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance convened a task force to explore the promise and pitfalls of using LLMs such as ChatGPT in radiology. This white paper explores the impact of LLMs on radiology education, highlighting their potential to enrich curriculum development, teaching and learning, and learner assessment. Despite these advantages, the implementation of LLMs presents challenges, including limits on accuracy and transparency, the risk of misinformation, data privacy issues, …

Differentiating Pathology Of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis From Multiple Sclerosis In Children Using Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Biomarkers, Esra Pehlivan, Martin Kinuthia Mwangi, Vihas Abraham, Urmi Mange, Sheng-Kwei Song, Peng Sun, Soe Soe Mar

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: To investigate the pathologic differences in patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI).

METHODS: Fifteen children with POMS and eight children with ADEM underwent DTI and DBSI. The comparison of DTI and DBSI diffusivity measures of POMS (31 scans) and ADEM (17 scans) was performed as group comparison and association over time.

RESULTS: In univariate analysis of average measures of DBSI and DTI over time, DBSI fractional anisotropy is lower in POMS than ADEM (P = 0.002), indicative of axonal injury of POMS. Higher …

Cord Blood Treatment For Children With Cerebral Palsy: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Megan Finch-Edmondson, Madison C B Paton, Annabel Webb, Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi, Remy K Blatch-Williams, Charles S Cox, Kylie Crompton, Alexandra R Griffin, Minyoung Kim, Steven Kosmach, Joanne Kurtzberg, Masoumeh Nouri, Mi Ri Suh, Jessica Sun, Morteza Zarrabi, Iona Novak

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Context: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a novel treatment for cerebral palsy (CP), with trials indicating UCB can improve gross motor function. However, heterogeneity has limited the ability to interpret findings.

Objective: Assess the safety and efficacy of UCB for improving gross motor function in children with CP, including exploring cell dose effect and responder subgroups.

Data sources: Individual participant data from published reports and registered trials identified via systematic searches.

Study selection: Studies administering UCB to individuals with CP collecting Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) scores.

Data extraction: A 1-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted in R to …

Targeting Bard1 Suppresses A Myc-Dependent Transcriptional Program And Tumor Growth In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Sohum Patel, Eleanor Jenkins, Rutuj P. Kusurkar, Sherry Lee, Wei Jiang, Avinoam Nevler, Matthew Mccoy, Michael J. Pishvaian, Rosalie C. Sears, Jonathan R. Brody, Charles J. Yeo, Aditi Jain

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers demanding better and more effective therapies. BARD1 or BRCA1-Associated -Ring Domain-1 plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination repair (HRR). However, its function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in PDAC are still not fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that BARD1 is overexpressed in PDAC and its genetic inhibition suppresses c-Myc and disrupts c-Myc dependent transcriptional program. Mechanistically, BARD1 stabilizes c-Myc through ubiquitin-proteasome system by regulating FBXW7. Importantly, targeting BARD1 using either siRNAs or CRISPR/Cas9 deletion blocks PDAC growth in vitro and in vivo, without any signs of toxicity to mice. …

Clinical Implications Of Mismatch Repair Deficiency In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Zachary Kaplan, Elizabeth Prezioso, Aditi Jain, Harish Lavu, Charles Yeo, Wilbur Bowne, Avinoam Nevler

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and lethal disease, characterized by a limited response to chemotherapy and overall poor prognosis. Pancreatic cancers with a distinct mismatch repair deficiency, although relatively rare, have been shown to be associated with markedly better outcomes in comparison. Furthermore, whereas pancreatic cancers are generally unresponsive to current immunotherapy, this specific group of tumors has been shown to have a notable susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

AIMS: In this review, we aim to summarize the relevant literature regarding mismatch-repair associated pancreatic cancers, the impacted biological mechanisms, and the resulting vulnerabilities for potential opportunistic immunotherapeutic treatment …

An Agrin-Yap/Taz Rigidity Sensing Module Drives Egfr-Addicted Lung Tumorigenesis., Reza Bayat Mokhtari, Divyaleka Sampath, Paige Eversole, Melissa Ong Yu Lin, Dmitriy A. Bosykh, Gandhi T. K. Boopathy, Aravind Sivakumar, Cheng-Chun Wang, Ramesh Kumar, Joe Yeong Poh Sheng, Ellen Karasik, Barbara A. Foster, Han Yu, Xiang Ling, Wenjie Wu, Fengzhi Li, Zoë Weaver Ohler, Christine Fillmore Brainson, David W. Goodrich, Wanjin Hong, Sayan Chakraborty

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Despite epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a pivotal oncogene for several cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), how it senses extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity remain elusive in the context of the increasing role of tissue rigidity on various hallmarks of cancer development. Here it is shown that EGFR dictates tumorigenic agrin expression in lung cancer cell lines, genetically engineered EGFR-driven mouse models, and human specimens. Agrin expression confers substrate stiffness-dependent oncogenic attributes to EGFR-reliant cancer cells. Mechanistically, agrin mechanoactivates EGFR through epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent and independent modes, thereby sensitizing its activity toward localized cancer cell-ECM adherence and bulk rigidity …

Normative Variability In Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: Does It Matter Where The Peaks Are?, Sowjanya Gowrisankaran, Ashkan Abbasi, Xubo Song, Joel Schuman, Gadi Wollstein, Bhavna Antony, Hiroshi Ishikawa

Wills Eye Hospital Papers

PURPOSE: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), a glaucoma biomarker, has a wide normative range affecting its sensitivity and specificity for abnormality detection. The interindividual RNFLT peak location variability contribution to this wide normative range has not been directly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of RNFLT peak normalization (PN) on normative variability.

METHODS: Circumpapillary RNFLT profiles at 1.7 mm radius from the optic nerve head (ONH) were re-sampled from optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes (Cirrus HD-OCT, 200 × 200) obtained from one eye of 83 healthy individuals. Fovea-ONH axis (FOA) was calculated from corresponding …

Author Correction: Predictive Equation Derived From 6,497 Doubly Labelled Water Measurements Enables The Detection Of Erroneous Self-Reported Energy Intake, Rania Bajunaid, Chaoqun Niu, Catherine Hambly, Zongfang Liu, Yosuke Yamada, Heliodoro Aleman-Mateo, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Linda Bandini, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Carlijn V C Bouten, Soren Brage, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Regina Casper, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S W Davies, Prasangi Dabare, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Hinke H Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Rebecca Kuriyan, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, Pulani Lanerolle, Christel L Larsson, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Marie Löf, Corby K Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C Medin, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Aviva Must, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Christine D Nyström, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Dulani Samaranayakem, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Marina Stamatiou, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar G A H Van Mil, George Wilson, Jack A Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Srishti Sinha, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Wb5, A Novel Biomarker For Monitoring Efficacy And Success Of Mass Drug Administration Programs For Wuchereria Bancrofti Elimination, Rachel E. Pietrow, Catherine Bjerum, Benjamin G. Koudou, Taniawati Supali, Philip J Budge, Peter U. Fischer, Thomas B. Nutman, Sasisekhar Bennuru

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The success of mass drug administration at reducing the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in endemic areas has led to an increased need for highly sensitive and specific diagnostic assays. To be useful in post-elimination surveillance in areas with low to zero prevalence, high test performance characteristics are required to enable the early detection of infection recrudescence. As current testing suffers from either sensitivity or specificity levels that fail to meet adopted target product profiles, additional targets that could be used as confirmatory tests or in multiplexed assays could overcome these issues. To this end, bioinformatic analyses coupled with stage-specific expression …

Recent And Future Trends In Osteopathic Orthopedic Surgery Residency Match Rates Following The Transition To A Single Accreditation System., Morgan Turnow, Minali Nemani, Nithin Gupta, Hayden Hartman, Taylor Manes, Tyler Williamson, Arianna Gianakos

Medical Education Articles

CONTEXT: Medical education in the United States has undergone significant changes, specifically within the osteopathic community. In 2020, a merger occurred between the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), forming a single accreditation system (SAS) for graduate medical education and residency placement, with the purpose to create consistency within graduate medical education and to provide equal opportunities for applicants pursuing all specialties in medicine. However, osteopathic medical students, especially students applying to competitive residencies including orthopedic surgery, have faced challenges, raising concerns about future implications within this field.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of …

Insights Into The Role Of The Glymphatic System In The Pathogenesis Of Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus, Ahmed T Massoud, Dillon A Noltensmeyer, Jenifer Juranek, Charles S Cox, Fred Christian Velasquez, Banghe Zhu, Eva M Sevick-Muraca, Manish N Shah

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Recently, it has been well-established that the glymphatic or glial-lymphatic system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of various neurological compromise, especially hydrocephalus (HCP). Till now, the complete pathway is not yet fully understood, and little evidence is available from the literature that links hydrocephalus to disorders of the glymphatic system. Most published molecular studies and animal research have shown that, in models with hydrocephalus, the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the glymphatic system is disrupted. This is strongly observed in normal pressure and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus cases. A thorough search of the literature to date yields scarce evidence …

Survival In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Recently Diagnosed Early-Stage Colorectal, Lung, Or Prostate Cancer Receiving Tumour Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Juan I Ruiz, Xiudong Lei, Sharon H Giordano, Hui Zhao, Suja S Rajan, Heather Lin, Maria E Suarez-Almazor

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors could impair tumoural immunity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. We aimed to investigate the association between survival and TNF inhibitor treatment during the first 3 years after a diagnosis of colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: In this cohort study, we conducted a secondary data analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare-linked dataset. We included patients aged 66 years and older with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed with colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2019, using ICD-O-3 site and histology codes. …

An Updated Systematic Review And Consensus Definitions For Standardised Endpoints In Perioperative Medicine: Patient Comfort And Pain Relief, Paul S Myles, Sophie Wallace, Oliver Boney, Mari Botti, Frances Chung, Allan M Cyna, Tong J Gan, Michael P W Grocott, Mark P Jensen, Henrik Kehlet, Andrea Kurz, Maxime Leger, Ulrica Nilsson, Phillip Peyton, Daniel I Sessler, Martin R Tramèr, Christopher L Wu, Alfred Health Patient Experience And Consumer Engagement Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Improving comfort during and after surgery is a key concern for anaesthetists and other clinicians. With the inclusion of patient and public involvement, we undertook a Delphi consensus process to update previously recommended endpoints to be used in clinical trials evaluating treatments aiming to improve patient comfort after surgery.

Methods: We undertook a systematic review to identify domains and outcome measures of patient comfort used in perioperative studies. Focus groups, workshops, and a multi-round Delphi consensus process that included clinician-researchers and a patient experience and consumer group updated a recommended list of standardised endpoints focused on patient comfort. Consensus …

Associations Between The Timing Of 24 H Physical Activity And Diabetes Mellitus: Results From A Nationally Representative Sample Of The Us Population, Qian Xiao, Qiuyu Feng, Martin K Rutter, Gali Albalak, Heming Wang, Raymond Noordam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aims/hypothesis: Growing evidence suggests that timing may be an important aspect of physical activity that influences cardiometabolic health. However, the current literature is inconclusive regarding the time of day that physical activity offers the greatest metabolic advantages. We investigated associations between hourly physical activity levels and diabetes mellitus and glycaemic biomarkers in a cross-sectional and nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods: We studied 7074 adults (mean age 48 years; 52% women) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014). Physical activity was measured by actigraphy. A monitor-independent movement summary (MIMS) unit was used to derive the total activity …

Comparison Of Risk Assessment Tools' Prediction Of Outcomes For Penetrating Trauma, Jeffrey Santos, Catherine M Kuza, Xi Luo, Tiffany Moon, Thomas Shoultz, Anne Feeler, Roman Dudaryk, Jose Navas, Georgia Vasileiou, Kazuhide Matsushima, Matthew Forestiere, Tiffany Lian, Areg Grigorian, Joni Ricks-Oddie, Jeffry Nahmias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) uses anatomic and/or physiologic variables to predict mortality; however, Injury Severity Score is less reliable for penetrating trauma. National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (NSQIP-SRC) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) include functional status and comorbidities. This study evaluates the accuracy of these tools in predicting mortality, length of stay (LOS), and complications for operative penetrating trauma.

Methods: Adult penetrating trauma patients (≥18 y) who underwent surgery within 24 h of admission were included in this subgroup analysis of a prospective observational study at four trauma centers. The …