Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring On Glycemic Control In Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Injections: The Diamond Randomized Clinical Trial, Roy W. Beck, Tonya Riddlesworth, Katrina Ruedy, Andrew Ahmann, Richard Bergenstal, Stacie Haller, Craig Kollman, Davida F. Kruger, Janet B. Mcgill, William Polonsky, Elena Toschi, Howard Wolpert, David Price

Endocrinology Articles

Importance: Previous clinical trials showing the benefit of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the management of type 1 diabetes predominantly have included adults using insulin pumps, even though the majority of adults with type 1 diabetes administer insulin by injection.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of CGM in adults with type 1 diabetes treated with insulin injections.

Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial conducted between October 2014 and May 2016 at 24 endocrinology practices in the United States that included 158 adults with type 1 diabetes who were using multiple daily insulin injections and had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels …

Molecular Alterations In Skeletal Muscle In Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Related To Disease Activity, Physical Inactivity, And Disability., Kim M Huffman, Ryan Jessee, Brian Andonian, Brittany N Davis, Rachel Narowski, Janet L Huebner, Virginia B Kraus, Julie Mccracken, Brian F Gilmore, K Noelle Tune, Milton Campbell, Timothy R Koves, Deborah M Muoio, Monica J Hubal, William E Kraus

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: To identify molecular alterations in skeletal muscle in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that may contribute to ongoing disability in RA.

METHODS: Persons with seropositive or erosive RA (n = 51) and control subjects matched for age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity (n = 51) underwent assessment of disease activity, disability, pain, physical activity and thigh muscle biopsies. Muscle tissue was used for measurement of pro-inflammatory markers, transcriptomics, and comprehensive profiling of metabolic intermediates. Groups were compared using mixed models. Bivariate associations were assessed with Spearman correlation.

RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients with RA had 75% greater …

Caesarean Sections And For-Profit Status Of Hospitals: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ilir Hoxha, Lamprini Syrogiannouli, Xhyljeta Luta, Kali Tal, David C. Goodman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Objective: Financial incentives may encourage private for-profit providers to perform more caesarean section (CS) than non-profit hospitals. We therefore sought to determine the association of for-profit status of hospital and odds of CS.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the first year of records through February 2016. Eligibility criteria: To be eligible, studies had to report data to allow the calculation of ORs of CS comparing private for-profit hospitals with public or private non-profit hospitals in a specific geographic area. Outcomes: The prespecified primary outcome was the adjusted OR …

A Cognitive Electrophysiological Signature Differentiates Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment From Normal Aging, Juan Li, Lucas S. Broster, Gregory A. Jicha, Nancy B. Munro, Frederick A. Schmitt, Erin L. Abner, Richard J. Kryscio, Charles D. Smith, Yang Jiang

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: Noninvasive and effective biomarkers for early detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) before measurable changes in behavioral performance remain scarce. Cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) measure synchronized synaptic neural activity associated with a cognitive event. Loss of synapses is a hallmark of the neuropathology of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ERP responses during working memory retrieval discriminate aMCI from cognitively normal controls (NC) matched in age and education.

Methods: Eighteen NC, 17 subjects with aMCI, and 13 subjects with AD performed a delayed match-to-sample task specially designed not only to be …

Crispr-Cas9 Mediated Nox4 Knockout Inhibits Cell Proliferation And Invasion In Hela Cells, Naser Jafari, Hyunju Kim, Rackhyun Park, Liqing Li, Minsu Jang, Andrew J. Morris, Junsoo Park, Cai Huang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Increased expression of NOX4 protein is associated with cancer progression and metastasis but the role of NOX4 in cell proliferation and invasion is not fully understood. We generated NOX4 knockout HeLa cell lines using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to explore the cellular functions of NOX4. After transfection of CRISPR-Cas9 construct, we performed T7 endonuclease 1 assays and DNA sequencing to generate and identify insertion and deletion of the NOX4 locus. We confirmed the knockout of NOX4 by Western blotting. NOX4 knockout cell lines showed reduced cell proliferation with an increase of sub-G1 cell population and the decrease of S/G2/M …

Association Of Body Mass Index With Dna Methylation And Gene Expression In Blood Cells And Relations To Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach, Michael M. Mendelson, Riccardo E. Marioni, Roby Joehanes, Chunyu Liu, Åsa K. Hedman, Stella Aslibekyan, Ellen W. Demerath, Weihua Guan, Degui Zhi, Chen Yao, Tianxiao Huan, Christine Willinger, Brian Chen, Paul Courchesne, Michael Multhaup, Marguerite R. Irvin, Ariella Cohain, Eric E. Schadt, Megan L. Grove, Jan Bressler, Kari North, Johan Sundström, Stefan Gustafsson, Sonia Shah, Allan F. Mcrae, Sarah E. Harris, Jude Gibson, Paul Redmond, Janie Corley, Lee Murphy, Donna K. Arnett

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background

The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.

Methods and Findings

We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) and differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray in whole-blood-derived DNA from 3,743 participants in the Framingham Heart Study and the Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication in three external cohorts of 4,055 participants. We examined variations in whole blood gene expression and conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the functional and clinical relevance of the findings. We identified novel and previously reported BMI-related differential methylation at 83 CpGs …

Supporting Shared Decision-Making For Older People With Multiple Health And Social Care Needs: A Protocol For A Realist Synthesis To Inform Integrated Care Models, Frances Bunn, Claire Goodman, Jill Manthorpe, Marie-Anne Durand, Isabel Hodkinson, Greta Rait, Paul Millac, Sue L. Davies, Bridget Russell, Patricia Wilson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Introduction: Including the patient or user perspective is a central organising principle of integrated care. Moreover, there is increasing recognition of the importance of strengthening relationships among patients, carers and practitioners, particularly for individuals receiving substantial health and care support, such as those with long-term or multiple conditions. The overall aims of this synthesis are to provide a context-relevant understanding of how models to facilitate shared decision-making (SDM) might work for older people with multiple health and care needs, and how they might be applied to integrated care models.

Methods and analysis: The synthesis draws on the principles of realist …

Neutralization Of Diverse Human Cytomegalovirus Strains Conferred By Antibodies Targeting Viral Gh/Gl/Pul128-131 Pentameric Complex, Sha Ha, Fengsheng Li, Matthew C. Troutman, Daniel C. Freed, Aimin Tang, John W. Loughney, Dai Wang, I-Ming Wang, Josef Vlasak, David C. Nickle, Richard R. Rustandi, Melissa Hamm, Pete A. Dephillips, Ningyan Zhang, Jason S. Mclellan, Stuart P. Adler, Michael A. Mcvoy, Zhiqiang An, Tong-Ming Fu

Dartmouth Scholarship

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection, and developing a prophylactic vaccine is of high priority to public health. We recently reported a replication-defective human cytomegalovirus with restored pentameric complex glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/pUL128-131 for prevention of congenital HCMV infection. While the quantity of vaccine-induced antibody responses can be measured in a viral neutralization assay, assessing the quality of such responses, including the ability of vaccine-induced antibodies to cross-neutralize the field strains of HCMV, remains a challenge. In this study, with a panel of neutralizing antibodies from three healthy human donors with natural HCMV infection or a …

Inferring Condition-Specific Targets Of Human Tf-Tf Complexes Using Chip-Seq Data, Chia-Chun Yang, Min-Hsuan Chen, Sheng-Yi Lin, Erik H. Andrews, Chao Cheng, Jeremy J.W Chen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

Transcription factors (TFs) often interact with one another to form TF complexes that bind DNA and regulate gene expression. Many databases are created to describe known TF complexes identified by either mammalian two-hybrid experiments or data mining. Lately, a wealth of ChIP-seq data on human TFs under different experiment conditions are available, making it possible to investigate condition-specific (cell type and/or physiologic state) TF complexes and their target genes.

Results:

Here, we developed a systematic pipeline to infer Condition-Specific Targets of human TF-TF complexes (called the CST pipeline) by integrating ChIP-seq data and TF motifs. In total, we predicted …

Evaluating Turnaround Times For Early Infant Diagnosis Samples In Kenya From 2011-2014: A Retrospective Analysis Of Hitsystem Program Data., Catherine Wexler, An-Lin Cheng, Brad Gautney, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Kathy Goggin, Samoel Khamadi, Hitsystem Team

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Long turnaround times (TAT) for the processing and posting of results of infant HIV DNA PCR samples can hinder the success of early infant diagnosis (EID) programs. The HITSystem is an eHealth intervention that alerts staff when services are overdue or results are delayed. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3669 HIV-exposed infants enrolled in 15 Kenya hospital EID programs and three laboratories using the HITSystem from 2011-2014. We assessed mean and median TAT from when a sample was: 1) obtained to when it was shipped to the laboratory, 2) shipped to when it was received at the laboratory, 3) …

Reply: Do We Need Individualized Therapeutic Strategies In High-Risk Patients Treated With Hypothermia?, Neeraj Shah Md, Rahul Chaudhary, Kathan Mehta, Vratika Agarwal, Jalaj Garg Md, Ronald S. Freudenberger Md, Larry E. Jacobs Md, David A. Cox Md, Karl B Kern, Nainesh C. Patel Md

Cardiology Division

No abstract provided.

Developmental Markers Of Genetic Liability To Autism In Parents: A Longitudinal, Multigenerational Study, Molly Losh, Gary E. Martin, Michelle Lee, Jessica Klusek, John Sideris, Sheila Barron, Thomas Wassink

Faculty Publications

Genetic liability to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be expressed in unaffected relatives through subclinical, genetically meaningful traits, or endophenotypes. This study aimed to identify developmental endophenotypes in parents of individuals with ASD by examining parents' childhood academic development over the school-age period. A cohort of 139 parents of individuals with ASD were studied, along with their children with ASD and 28 controls. Parents' childhood records in the domains of language, reading, and math were studied from grades K-12. Results indicated that relatively lower performance and slower development of skills (particularly language related skills), and an uneven rate of development …

Natural Compounds Targeting Major Cell Signaling Pathways: A Novel Paradigm For Osteosarcoma Therapy., Pablo Angulo, Gaurav Kaushik, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Prasad Dandawate, Kathleen Neville, Katherine Chastain, Shrikant Anant

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer affecting children and adolescents worldwide. Despite an incidence of three cases per million annually, it accounts for an inordinate amount of morbidity and mortality. While the use of chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate) in the last century initially resulted in marginal improvement in survival over surgery alone, survival has not improved further in the past four decades. Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma have an especially poor prognosis, with only 30% overall survival. Hence, there is a substantial need for new therapies. The inability to control the metastatic progression of this localized cancer stems …

A Cationic Amphiphilic Random Copolymer With Ph-Responsive Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus., Sungyoup Hong, Haruko Takahashi, Enrico T Nadres, Hamid Mortazavian, Gregory Caputo, John G Younger, Kenichi Kuroda

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

In this report, we demonstrate the pH-dependent, in vitro antimicrobial activity of a cationic, amphiphilic random copolymer against clinical isolates of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The polymer was developed toward a long-term goal of potential utility in the treatment of skin infections. The proposed mechanism of action of the polymer is through selectively binding to bacterial membranes and subsequent disruption of the membrane structure/integrity, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. The polymer showed bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant or vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus. The polymer was effective in killing S. aureus at neutral pH, but inactive under acidic conditions (pH …

Addendum Guidelines For The Prevention Of Peanut Allergy In The United States: Report Of The National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases–Sponsored Expert Panel, Alkis Togias, Susan F. Cooper, Maria L. Acebal, Amal Assa'ad, James R. Baker, Lisa A. Beck, Julie Block, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Edmond S. Chan, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, David M Fleischer, George J. Fuchs Iii, Glenn T. Furuta, Matthew J. Greenhawt, Ruchi S. Gupta, Michele Habich, Stacie M. Jones, Kari Keaton, Antonella Muraro, Marshall Plaut, Lanny J. Rosenwasser, Daniel Rotrosen, Hugh A. Sampson, Lynda C. Schneider, Scott H. Sicherer, Robert Sidbury, Jonathan Spergel, David R. Stukus, Carina Venter, Joshua A. Boyce

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Food allergy is an important public health problem because it affects children and adults, can be severe and even life-threatening, and may be increasing in prevalence. Beginning in 2008, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, working with other organizations and advocacy groups, led the development of the first clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. A recent landmark clinical trial and other emerging data suggest that peanut allergy can be prevented through introduction of peanut-containing foods beginning in infancy.

Objectives: Prompted by these findings, along with 25 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy …

Improving Adolescent Hpv Vaccination In A Randomized Controlled Cluster Trial Using The 4 Pillars™ Practice Transformation Program., Richard K. Zimmerman, Krissy K. Moehling, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Song Zhang, Jonathan M. Raviotta, Evelyn C. Reis, Sharon Humiston, Mary Patricia Nowalk

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Uptake of meningococcal vaccine (MCV) and tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) vaccine among adolescents has approached Healthy People 2020 goals, but human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has not. This study evaluated an intervention using the 4 Pillars™ Practice Transformation Program to increase HPV, MCV and Tdap uptake among adolescents in primary care practices.

METHODS: Practices with at least 50 patients 11-17years old with estimated vaccination rates less than national goals, were assigned to intervention (n=11) and control (n=11) groups in a randomized controlled cluster trial; 9 intervention and 11 control sites completed the study. The baseline and active study periods …

The Annual Burden Of Seasonal Influenza In The Us Veterans Affairs Population, Yinong Young-Xu, Robertus Van Aalst, Ellyn Russo, Jason K. H. Lee, Ayman Chit

Dartmouth Scholarship

Seasonal influenza epidemics have a substantial public health and economic burden in the United States (US). On average, over 200,000 people are hospitalized and an estimated 23,000 people die from respiratory and circulatory complications associated with seasonal influenza virus infections each year. Annual direct medical costs and indirect productivity costs across the US have been found to average respectively at $10.4 billion and $16.3 billion. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic impact of severe influenza-induced illness on the US Veterans Affairs population. The five-year study period included 2010 through 2014. Influenza-attributed outcomes were estimated with a …

Caphosol For Prevention Of Oral Mucositis In Pediatric Myeloablative Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation., Nathaniel Treister, Michael Nieder, Christina Baggott, Ellen Olson, Lu Chen, Ha Dang, Mark Krailo, Amanda August, Lillian Sung

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The primary objective was to determine whether topically administered Caphosol, rinsed orally four times daily at the initiation of conditioning, reduces the duration of severe oral mucositis (OM) compared with placebo among children and adolescents undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

METHODS: This was a Children's Oncology Group multicentre randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients between the ages of 4 and 21 years who were scheduled to undergo myeloablative HCT for any indication were randomised to Caphosol or placebo saline rinses four times daily from initiation of conditioning through day +20. Subjects were assessed daily for OM using the World …

Increased Ros Production In Non-Polarized Mammary Epithelial Cells Induces Monocyte Infiltration In 3d Culture, Linzhang Li, Jie Chen, Gaofeng Xiong, Daret K. St. Clair, Wei Xu, Ren Xu

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Loss of epithelial cell polarity promotes cell invasion and cancer dissemination. Therefore, identification of factors that disrupt polarized acinar formation is crucial. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive cancer progression and promote inflammation. Here, we show that the non-polarized breast cancer cell line T4-2 generates significantly higher ROS levels than polarized S1 and T4R cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture, accompanied by induction of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and cytokine expression. Minimizing ROS in T4-2 cells with antioxidants reestablished basal polarity and inhibited cell proliferation. Introducing constitutively activated RAC1 disrupted cell polarity and increased ROS levels, indicating that RAC1 is …

Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Prefer Proline As A Nutrient And Transport Metabolic Intermediates To The Retinal Side, Jennifer R. Chao, Kaitlen Knight, Yekai Wang, Jianhai Du

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

State-Level Immunization Information Systems: Potential For Childhood Immunization Data Linkages., Jill E. Fuller, Emmanuel B. Walter Jr., Nancy Dole, Richard O'Hara, Amy H. Herring, Maureen S. Durkin, Bonny Specker, Betty Wey

Ethel Austin Martin Program Publications

Objectives Sources of immunization data include state registries or immunization information systems (IIS), medical records, and surveys. Little is known about the quality of these data sources or the feasibility of using IIS data for research. We assessed the feasibility of collecting immunization information for a national children's health study by accessing existing IIS data and comparing the completeness of these data against medical record abstractions (MRA) and parent report. Staff time needed to obtain IIS and MRA data was assessed. Methods We administered a questionnaire to state-level IIS representatives to ascertain availability and completeness of their data for research …

Training Us Health Care Professionals On Human Trafficking: Where Do We Go From Here?, Clydette Powell, Kirsten Dickins, Hanni Stoklosa

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Some 21 million adults and children are labor-trafficked or sex-trafficked through force, fraud, or coercion. In recognition of the interface between trafficking victims and the healthcare setting, over the last 10 years there has been a notable increase in training of health care professionals (HCPs) on human trafficking (HT) and its health implications. Many organizations have developed curricula and offered training in various clinical settings. However, methods and content of this education on trafficking vary widely, and there is little evaluation of the impact of the training. The goal of this study was to assess the gaps and strengths in …

The Current Consensus On The Clinical Management Of Intracranial Ependymoma And Its Distinct Molecular Variants., Kristian W Pajtler, Stephen C Mack, Vijay Ramaswamy, Christian A Smith, Hendrik Witt, Amy Smith, Eugene Hwang, +Several Additional Authors

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Multiple independent genomic profiling efforts have recently identified clinically and molecularly distinct subgroups of ependymoma arising from all three anatomic compartments of the central nervous system (supratentorial brain, posterior fossa, and spinal cord). These advances motivated a consensus meeting to discuss: (1) the utility of current histologic grading criteria, (2) the integration of molecular-based stratification schemes in future clinical trials for patients with ependymoma and (3) current therapy in the context of molecular subgroups. Discussion at the meeting generated a series of consensus statements and recommendations from the attendees, which comment on the prognostic evaluation and treatment decisions of patients …

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: International Society For The Study Of Women's Sexual Health (Isswsh) Expert Consensus Panel Review., Irwin Goldstein, Noel N Kim, Anita H Clayton, Leonard R Derogatis, Annamaria Giraldi, Sharon J Parish, James Pfaus, James A Simon, Sheryl A Kingsberg, Cindy Meston, Stephen M Stahl, Kim Wallen, Roisin Worsley

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

The objective of the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health expert consensus panel was to develop a concise, clinically relevant, evidence-based review of the epidemiology, physiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), a sexual dysfunction affecting approximately 10% of adult women. Etiologic factors include conditions or drugs that decrease brain dopamine, melanocortin, oxytocin, and norepinephrine levels and augment brain serotonin, endocannabinoid, prolactin, and opioid levels. Symptoms include lack or loss of motivation to participate in sexual activity due to absent or decreased spontaneous desire, sexual desire in response to erotic cues or stimulation, …

Conventional Early Infant Diagnosis In Lesotho From Specimen Collection To Results Usage To Manage Patients: Where Are The Bottlenecks?, Appolinaire Tiam, Michelle M Gill, Heather J Hoffman, Anthony Isavwa, Mafusi Mokone, Matokelo Foso, Jeffrey T Safrit, Lynne M Mofenson, Thorkild Tylleskär, Laura Guay

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Early infant diagnosis is an important step in identifying children infected with HIV during the perinatal period or in utero. Multiple factors contribute to delayed antiretroviral treatment initiation for HIV-infected children, including delays in the early infant HIV diagnosis cascade.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate early infant diagnosis turnaround times in Lesotho. Trained staff reviewed records of HIV-exposed infants (aged-6-8 weeks) who received an HIV test during 2011. Study sites were drawn from Highlands, Foothills and Lowlands regions of Lesotho. Central laboratory database data were linked to facility and laboratory register information. Turnaround time geometric means …

Oxidative Stress And Inflammation In Hepatic Diseases: Current And Future Therapy., Karina Reyes-Gordillo, Ruchi Shah, Pablo Muriel

Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Liver disease is a highly prevalent disease that is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The continuous exposure of the liver to some factors such as viruses, alcohol, fat, and biotransformed metabolites can cause hepatic injury, which can lead to inflammation and liver degeneration. When the injury is sustained for long time, it can cause chronic liver diseases (CLDs), which include a spectrum of disease states ranging from simple steatosis and steatohepatitis (steatosis with inflammation and hepatocyte injury and death) to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Multiple evidences indicate that oxidative stress and inflammation are the most …

Reliability And Validity Of The Hd-Pro-Triadtm, A Health-Related Quality Of Life Measure Designed To Assess The Symptom Triad Of Huntington's Disease., Nicholas R Boileau, Julie C Stout, Janes S Paulsen, David Cella, Michael K Mccormack, Martha A Nance, Samuel Frank, Jin-Shei Lai, Noelle E Carlozzi

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD), is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments that diminish health related quality of life (HRQOL). The HD-PRO-TRIADTM is a quality of life measure that assesses health concerns specific to individuals with HD. Preliminary psychometric characterization was limited to a convenience sample of HD participants who completed measures at home so clinician-ratings were unavailable.

OBJECTIVES: The current study evaluates the reliability and validity of the HD-PRO-TRIADTM in a well-characterized sample of individuals with HD.

METHODS: Four-hundred and eighty-two individuals with HD (n = 192 prodromal, n = 193 early, and n …

Reduced Microrna-503 Expression Augments Lung Fibroblast Vegf Production In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jun Ikari, Amy J. Nelson, Jannah Obaid, Alvaro Giron-Martinez, Kumiko Ikari, Fumihiko Makino, Shunichiro Iwasawa, Yoko Gunji, Maha Farid, Xingqi Wang, Hesham Basma, Dawn Demeo, Carol Feghali-Bostwick, Olaf Holz, Klaus Rabe, Xiangde Liu, Stephen I. Rennard

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression may contribute to COPD pathogenesis. In COPD, lung fibroblast repair functions are altered in multiple ways, including extracellular mediator release. Our prior study revealed miR-503 expression is decreased in COPD lung fibroblasts, although the exact role played by miR-503 is undetermined. The current study examined a role of miR-503 in cytokine, growth factor and fibronectin production by lung fibroblasts from patients with and without COPD. Primary adult lung fibroblasts were isolated from patients with or without COPD. MiR-503 expression and interleukin (IL)-6, -8, PGE2, HGF, KGF, VEGF and fibronectin release were examined with or without …

Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates To Enhance The Sensitivity Of Elisa-Based Detection Methods., Margaret M Billingsley, Rachel S. Riley, Emily S Day

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Accurate antigen detection is imperative for clinicians to diagnose disease, assess treatment success, and predict patient prognosis. The most common technique used for the detection of disease-associated biomarkers is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an ELISA, primary antibodies are incubated with biological samples containing the biomarker of interest. Then, detectible secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) bind the primary antibodies. Upon addition of a color-changing substrate, the samples provide a colorimetric signal that directly correlates to the targeted biomarker concentration. While ELISAs are effective for analyzing samples with high biomarker content, they lack the sensitivity required to …

Delirium Update For Postacute Care And Long-Term Care Settings: A Narrative Review., Martin M Forsberg

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Advances have been made in our understanding of the neuropathogenesis, recognition, and strategies for reducing the incidence of delirium in acute-care settings. However, relatively little attention has been given to delirium in elderly patients in the postacute care (PAC) and long-term care (LTC) settings. The present article reviews the most relevant current research pertaining to this population. Hospital patients with delirium are often discharged to PAC settings. Delirium that develops in the LTC setting is often more insidious and subtle in presentation. Despite incorporating systematic screening tools for delirium in PAC and LTC settings, delirium prevention strategies have not yet …