Digital Commons Network^™

Pediatric Ercp In The Setting Of Acute Pancreatitis: A Secondary Analysis Of An International Multicenter Cohort Study, Carolena Trocchia, Racha Khalaf, Ernest Amankwah, Wenly Ruan, Douglas S Fishman, Bradley A Barth, Quin Y Liu, Matthew Giefer, Kyung Mo Kim, Mercedes Martinez, Luigi Dall'oglio, Filippo Torroni, Paola De Angelis, Simona Faraci, Sam Bitton, Steven L Werlin, Kulwinder Dua, Roberto Gugig, Clifton Huang, Petar Mamula, J Antonio Quiros, Yuhua Zheng, Travis Piester, Amit Grover, Victor L Fox, Michael Wilsey, David M Troendle

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Previous studies have demonstrated the safety of performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the pediatric population; however, few have addressed the outcomes of children undergoing ERCP during acute pancreatitis (AP). We hypothesize that ERCP performed in the setting of AP can be executed with similar technical success and adverse event profiles to those in pediatric patients without pancreatitis. Using the Pediatric ERCP Database Initiative, a multi-national and multi-institutional prospectively collected dataset, we analyzed 1124 ERCPs. One hundred and ninety-four (17%) of these procedures were performed in the setting of AP. There were no difference in the procedure success rate, procedure …

Actigraphic Correlates Of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms In Adults With Focal Epilepsy, Mark A Abboud, Jessica L Kamen, John S Bass, Lu Lin, Jay R Gavvala, Sindhu Rao, Stephen F Smagula, Vaishnav Krishnan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives:

Disability in patients with epilepsy (PWEs) is multifactorial: beyond seizure frequency/severity, PWEs are prone to a range of neuropsychiatric, cognitive, and somatic comorbidities that significantly affect quality of life. Here, we explored how variations in seizure severity and the burden of self-reported somatic/neuropsychiatric symptoms correlate with disruptions to 24 h activity patterns (rest-activity rhythms [RARs]), determined through wrist accelerometry/actigraphy.

Methods:

Multiday wrist-actigraphy recordings were obtained from 59 adult patients with focal epilepsy (44% male, ages 18–72), who contemporaneously responded to validated psychometric instruments to measure anxiety, depression, sleepiness, and somatic symptoms. We conducted a similar in silico psychometric-actigraphic correlation …

Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, And White Matter Microstructure In Children, Zhaolong Adrian Li, Yuqi Cai, Rita L Taylor, Sarah A Eisenstein, Deanna M Barch, Scott Marek, Tamara Hershey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Lower neighborhood and household socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with negative health outcomes and altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter and via what mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether and how neighborhood and household SES are independently associated with children's white matter microstructure and examine whether obesity and cognitive performance (reflecting environmental cognitive and sensory stimulation) are plausible mediators.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected at 21 US sites, and school-based recruitment was used …

Probiotics And Human Milk Differentially Influence The Gut Microbiome And Nec Incidence In Preterm Pigs, Valeria Melendez Hebib, Diana H Taft, Barbara Stoll, Jinxin Liu, Lee Call, Gregory Guthrie, Nick Jensen, Amy B Hair, David A Mills, Douglas G Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death caused by gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Major risk factors include prematurity, formula feeding, and gut microbial colonization. Microbes have been linked to NEC, yet there is no evidence of causal species, and select probiotics have been shown to reduce NEC incidence in infants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (BL. infantis), alone and in combination with a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO)—sialylactose (3′SL)—on the microbiome, and the incidence of NEC in preterm piglets fed an infant formula diet. We studied 50 …

Race-Free Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation In Kidney Transplant Recipients: Development And Validation Study, Marc Raynaud, Solaf Al-Awadhi, Ivana Juric, Gillian Divard, Yannis Lombardi, Nikolina Basic-Jukic, Olivier Aubert, Laurence Dubourg, Ingrid Masson, Christophe Mariat, Dominique Prié, Vincent Pernin, Moglie Le Quintrec, Timothy S Larson, Mark D Stegall, Boris Bikbov, Piero Ruggenenti, Laurent Mesnard, Hassan N Ibrahim, Marie Bodilsen Nielsen, Arthur J Matas, Brian J Nankivell, Stan Benjamens, Robert A Pol, Stephan J L Bakker, Xavier Jouven, Christophe Legendre, Nassim Kamar, Byron H Smith, Hani M Wadei, Antoine Durrbach, Flavio Vincenti, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Carmen Lefaucheur, Andrew J Bentall, Alexandre Loupy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of a newly developed race-free kidney recipient specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equation with the three current main equations for measuring GFR in kidney transplant recipients.

DESIGN: Development and validation study SETTING: 17 cohorts in Europe, the United States, and Australia (14 transplant centres, three clinical trials).

PARTICIPANTS: 15 489 adults (3622 in development cohort (Necker, Saint Louis, and Toulouse hospitals, France), 11 867 in multiple external validation cohorts) who received kidney transplants between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2021.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was GFR, measured according to local practice. …

The Vitamin D Serum Levels In Pregnant Women Affected By Covid-19: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Luiza Szarpak, Stepan Feduniw, Michal Pruc, Michal Ciebiera, Basar Cander, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, Łukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vitamin D can modulate immune responses, and its deficiency is linked to increased autoimmunity and susceptibility to infection. In the general population, it has been observed that serum vitamin D levels are connected with the risk of COVID-19 and its severity. Our study aims to examine reported findings on the effect of vitamin D serum levels on infection of COVID-19 during pregnancy. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Serum vitamin D serum levels in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative pregnant women were 24.61 ± 20.86 ng/mL and 24.12 ± 17.33 ng/mL, respectively. In mild vs. …

Leukemia Relapse Via Genetic Immune Escape After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Simona Pagliuca, Francesca Ferraro, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) reactions are responsible for the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as a treatment modality for myeloid neoplasia, whereby donor T- effector cells recognize leukemia neoantigens. However, a substantial fraction of patients experiences relapses because of the failure of the immunological responses to control leukemic outgrowth. Here, through a broad immunogenetic study, we demonstrate that germline and somatic reduction of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) heterogeneity enhances the risk of leukemic recurrence. We show that preexistent germline-encoded low evolutionary divergence of class II HLA genotypes constitutes an independent factor associated with disease relapse and that acquisition of clonal somatic …

Progesterone From Ovulatory Menstrual Cycles Is An Important Cause Of Breast Cancer, Herjan J T Coelingh Bennink, Iman J Schultz, Marcus Schmidt, V Craig Jordan, Paula Briggs, Jan F M Egberts, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Ludwig Kiesel, Kirsten Kluivers, Jan Krijgh, Tommaso Simoncini, Frank Z Stanczyk, Robert D Langer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many factors, including reproductive hormones, have been linked to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer (BC). We reviewed the literature regarding the relationship between ovulatory menstrual cycles (MCs) and BC risk. Physiological variations in the frequency of MCs and interference with MCs through genetic variations, pathological conditions and or pharmaceutical interventions revealed a strong link between BC risk and the lifetime number of MCs. A substantial reduction in BC risk is observed in situations without MCs. In genetic or transgender situations with normal female breasts and estrogens, but no progesterone (P4), the incidence of BC is very low, suggesting …

What Regenerative Agriculture Can Teach Medical Students About Human Health, David Ebbott, Dimitrios Papanagnou

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Glial Progenitor Heterogeneity And Key Regulators Revealed By Single-Cell Rna Sequencing Provide Insight To Regeneration In Spinal Cord Injury, Haichao Wei, Xizi Wu, Joseph Withrow, Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran, Simranjit Singh, Lesley S Chaboub, Jyotirmoy Rakshit, Julio Mejia, Andrew Rolfe, Juan J Herrera, Philip J Horner, Jia Qian Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of astrocytes; however, how diverse constituents of astrocyte-lineage cells are regulated in adult spinal cord after injury and contribute to regeneration remains elusive. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of GFAP-expressing cells from sub-chronic spinal cord injury models and identify and compare with the subpopulations in acute-stage data. We find subpopulations with distinct functional enrichment and their identities defined by subpopulation-specific transcription factors and regulons. Immunohistochemistry, RNAscope experiments, and quantification by stereology verify the molecular signature, location, and morphology of potential resident neural progenitors or neural stem cells in the adult spinal cord before …

Lateral Septum As A Melanocortin Downstream Site In Obesity Development, Yuanzhong Xu, Zhiying Jiang, Hongli Li, Jing Cai, Yanyan Jiang, Joshua Otiz-Guzman, Yong Xu, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Qingchun Tong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The melanocortin pathway is well established to be critical for body-weight regulation in both rodents and humans. Despite extensive studies focusing on this pathway, the downstream brain sites that mediate its action are not clear. Here, we found that, among the known paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) neuron groups, those expressing melanocortin receptors 4 (PVHMc4R) preferably project to the ventral part of the lateral septum (LSv), a brain region known to be involved in emotional behaviors. Photostimulation of PVHMc4R neuron terminals in the LSv reduces feeding and causes aversion, whereas deletion of Mc4Rs or disruption of glutamate release from LSv-projecting PVH neurons …

Association Of Mutation And Expression Of The Brother Of The Regulator Of Imprinted Sites (Boris) Gene With Breast Cancer Progression, Mohammad Salman Akhtar, Naseem Akhter, Arshi Talat, Raed A. Alharbi, Abdulmajeed A. A Sindi, Faisal Klufah, Hanan E. Alyahyawi, Abdulmohsen Alruwetei, Abrar Ahmad, Mazin A. Zamzami, Svs Deo, Syed Akhtar Husain, Osama A. Badi, Mohammad Jahir Khan

Neurology Articles

INTRODUCTION: The BORIS, 11 zinc-finger transcription factors, is a member of the cancer-testis antigen (CTA) family. It is mapped to chromosome number 20q13.2 and this region is genetically linked to the early onset of breast cancer. The current study analyzed the correlation between BORIS mutations and the expression of the protein in breast cancer cases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based study including a total of 155 breast cancer tissue samples and an equal number of normal adjacent tissues from Indian female breast cancer patients was carried out. Mutations of the BORIS gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single standard confirmation …

The Metreleptin Effectiveness And Safety Registry (Measure): Concept, Design And Challenges, Morey W Haymond, David Araújo-Vilar, John Balser, James H Lewis, Ruth Louzado, Carla Musso, Julia Von Schnurbein, Martin Wabitsch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Metreleptin, a recombinant analog of human leptin, is an approved therapy, adjunct to diet, to treat the metabolic complications of leptin deficiency in patients with lipodystrophy - a group of rare diseases characterized by a paucity of adipose tissue. MEASuRE (Metreleptin Effectiveness And Safety Registry) is a post-authorization, voluntary registry that gathers long-term safety and effectiveness data on metreleptin. Here, we present the aims and evolution of MEASuRE.

METHODS: MEASuRE was established to collect data from patients receiving commercially supplied metreleptin in the United States (US) and European Union (EU). MEASuRE aims to determine the incidence and severity of …

Parent Perspectives Of School/Daycare Experiences In Young Children Newly Diagnosed With Diabetes, Alexa Stern, Brenda Duran, Randi Streisand, Christine H Wang, Carrie Tully, Lauren Clary, Katherine Gallagher, Fran Cogen, Lefkothea Karaviti, Maureen Monaghan, Marisa E Hilliard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: A central part of family adjustment to a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is integrating T1D management into the child's school/daycare. This may be particularly challenging for young children who rely on adults for their diabetes management. This study aimed to describe parent experiences with school/daycare during the first 1.5 years following a young child's T1D diagnosis.

METHODS: As part of a randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention, 157 parents of young children with new-onset (<2 >months) T1D reported on their child's school/daycare experience at baseline and at 9- and 15-month post-randomization. We used a mixed-methods …

Importance Of Missingness In Baseline Variables: A Case Study Of The All Of Us Research Program, Robert M. Cronin, Xiaoke Feng, Lina Sulieman, Brandy Mapes, Shawn Garbett, Ashley Able, Ryan Hale, Mick P. Couper, Heather Sansbury, Brian K. Ahmedani, Qingxia Chen

Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research Articles

OBJECTIVE: The All of Us Research Program collects data from multiple information sources, including health surveys, to build a national longitudinal research repository that researchers can use to advance precision medicine. Missing survey responses pose challenges to study conclusions. We describe missingness in All of Us baseline surveys.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We extracted survey responses between May 31, 2017, to September 30, 2020. Missing percentages for groups historically underrepresented in biomedical research were compared to represented groups. Associations of missing percentages with age, health literacy score, and survey completion date were evaluated. We used negative binomial regression to evaluate …

The Cellular And Immunological Dynamics Of Early And Transitional Human Milk., Cas Lemaster, Stephen Pierce, Eric S. Geanes, Santosh Khanal, Staci S. Elliott, Allison Scott, Daniel A. Louiselle, Rebecca Mclennan, Devika Maulik, Tamorah Lewis, T Pastinen, Todd Bradley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Human milk is essential for infant nutrition and immunity, providing protection against infections and other immune-mediated diseases during the lactation period and beyond in later childhood. Milk contains a broad range of bioactive factors such as nutrients, hormones, enzymes, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and antimicrobial factors, as well as heterogeneous populations of maternal cells. The soluble and cellular components of milk are dynamic over time to meet the needs of the growing infant. In this study, we utilize systems-approaches to define and characterize 62 analytes of the soluble component, including immunoglobulin isotypes, as well as the cellular component of human …

Post-Resettlement Food Insecurity: Afghan Refugees And Challenges Of The New Environment, Zahra Goliaei, Mariaelena Gonzalez, Karina Diaz Rios, Mamata Pokhrel, Nancy J Burke

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC Public Health Program

BACKGROUND: Lack of access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food is a major concern for the Afghan population due to ongoing war and humanitarian crises. Recently resettled Afghan refugees in the US continue to face challenges securing adequate, nutritious food resources in new environments. This study examined Afghan refugees' food access and insecurity in the San Joaquin Valley, California.

METHODS: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the perspectives and experiences of key informants and newly arrived Afghan refugees.

RESULTS: This study highlights environmental and structural factors (availability and accessibility of grocery stores; availability of religious-appropriate items in the stores; …

The Child Healthcare At Mater Pediatric Study (Champs): A 2-Arm Cluster Randomized Control Trial Of Group Well Child Care For Mothers In Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder And Their Children, Vanessa L. Short, Diane J. Abatemarco, Erica Sood, Dennis J. Hand, Meghan Gannon, Jobayer Hossain, Neera K. Goyal

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that group-based well child care-a shared medical appointment where families come together as a group to receive pediatric primary care-increases patient-reported satisfaction and adherence to recommended care. Evidence supporting the use of group well child care for mothers with opioid use disorder, however, is lacking. The overall objective of the Child Healthcare at MATER Pediatric Study (CHAMPS) trial is to evaluate a group model of well child care for mothers with opioid use disorder and their children.

METHODS: CHAMPS is a single-site 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. A total of 108 mother-child dyads will be enrolled into …

Association Of Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups With Cognitive Status Without Modification From Lifestyle Intervention, Michael P Bancks, James Lovato, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Mace Coday, Karen C Johnson, Medha Munshi, Candida Rebello, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Mark A Espeland

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CONTEXT: Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for incident dementia but whether risk and treatment/prevention strategies differ by diabetes subgroup is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed (1) whether specific type 2 diabetes (T2D) subgroups are associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD), and (2) whether T2D subgroups modified the association of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) multidomain intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) with MCI/PD.

METHODS: We included 3760 Look AHEAD participants with T2D and overweight or obesity randomly assigned to 10 years of ILI or diabetes support and education. We used k-means clustering techniques with …

The Evolution Of Primary Care Telehealth Disparities During Covid-19: Retrospective Cohort Study, Rachel D'Amico, Patrick M Schnell, Randi Foraker, J Nwando Olayiwola, Daniel E Jonas, Seuli Bose Brill

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Telehealth has become widely used as a novel way to provide outpatient care during the COVID-19 pandemic, but data about telehealth use in primary care remain limited. Studies in other specialties raise concerns that telehealth may be widening existing health care disparities, requiring further scrutiny of trends in telehealth use.

OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to further characterize sociodemographic differences in primary care via telehealth compared to in-person office visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if these disparities changed throughout 2020.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a large US academic center with 46 primary …

Sarcopenia And Cardiovascular Diseases, Abdulla A Damluji, Maha Alfaraidhy, Noora Alhajri, Namit N Rohant, Manish Kumar, Christina Al Malouf, Samira Bahrainy, Min Ji Kwak, Wayne B Batchelor, Daniel E Forman, Michael W Rich, James Kirkpatrick, Ashok Krishnaswami, Karen P Alexander, Gary Gerstenblith, Peggy Cawthon, Christopher R Defilippi, Parag Goyal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be …

Zinc Treatment Reverses And Anti-Zn-Regulated Mirs Suppress Esophageal Carcinomas In Vivo, Louise Fong, Kay Huebner, Ruiyan Jing, Karl Smalley, Christopher R Brydges, Oliver Fiehn, John Farber, Carlo M Croce

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with few prevention or treatment options. ESCC development in humans and rodents is associated with Zn deficiency (ZD), inflammation, and overexpression of oncogenic microRNAs: miR-31 and miR-21. In a ZD-promoted ESCC rat model with upregulation of these miRs, systemic antimiR-31 suppresses the miR-31-EGLN3/STK40-NF-κB-controlled inflammatory pathway and ESCC. In this model, systemic delivery of Zn-regulated antimiR-31, followed by antimiR-21, restored expression of tumor-suppressor proteins targeted by these specific miRs: STK40/EGLN3 (miR-31), PDCD4 (miR-21), suppressing inflammation, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting ESCC development. Moreover, ESCC-bearing Zn-deficient (ZD) rats receiving Zn medication showed a 47% …

E-Health Literacy Scale, Patient Attitudes, Medication Adherence, And Internal Locus Of Control., Donrie J Purcell, Gesulla Cavanaugh, Kamilah Thomas-Purcell, Joshua Caballero, Drenna Waldrop, Victoria Ayala, Rosemary Davenport, Raymond L Ownby

HPD Articles

BACKGROUND: Health literacy is related to a variety of health outcomes, including disease control, health-related quality of life, and risk for death. Few studies have investigated the relation of electronic health literacy (e-health literacy) to outcomes or the mechanism by which they may be related.

METHODS: Secondary data were drawn from participants in a larger study on chronic disease self-management who were age 40 years and older, had at least one chronic health condition and a health literacy score of 8th grade or below on the validated short form of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine. Participants completed …

Multiple And Consecutive Genome Editing Using I-Gonad And Breeding Enrichment Facilitates The Production Of Genetically Modified Mice, Carolina R Melo-Silva, Cory J Knudson, Lingjuan Tang, Samita Kafle, Lauren E. Springer, Jihae Choi, Christopher M. Snyder, Yajing Wang, Sangwon V. Kim, Luis J. Sigal

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Genetically modified (GM) mice are essential tools in biomedical research. Traditional methods for generating GM mice are expensive and require specialized personnel and equipment. The use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) coupled with improved-Genome editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (i-GONAD) has highly increased the feasibility of producing GM mice in research laboratories. However, genetic modification in inbred mouse strains of interest such as C57BL/6 (B6) is still challenging because of their low fertility and embryo fragility. We have successfully generated multiple novel GM mouse strains in the B6 background while attempting to optimize i-GONAD. We found …

Phase Ib And Expansion Study Of Gemcitabine, Nab-Paclitaxel, And Ficlatuzumab In Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer, Kimberly Perez, Koushik Das, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In preclinical pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models, inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling using ficlatuzumab, a recombinant humanized anti-HGF antibody, and gemcitabine reduced tumor burden.

METHODS: Patients with previously untreated metastatic PDAC enrolled in a phase Ib dose escalation study with 3 + 3 design of 2 dose cohorts of ficlatuzumab 10 and 20 mg/kg administered intravenously every other week with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and albumin-bound paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 given 3 weeks on and 1 week off. This was followed by an expansion phase at the maximally tolerated dose of the combination.

RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (sex, 12 male:14 …

Neurodevelopment, Vision And Auditory Outcomes At Age 2 Years In Offspring Of Participants In The ‘Women First’ Maternal Preconception Nutrition Randomised Controlled Trial, Michelle Fernandes, Nancy F. Krebs, Jamie Westcott, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Melissa Bauserman, Ana L. Garcés, Lester Figueroa, Sarah Saleem, Sumera A. Aziz, Robert L. Goldenberg, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Richard J. Derman, Jennifer F. Kemp, Marion Koso-Thomas, Amaanti Sridhar, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, K. Michael Hambidge

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: Maternal nutrition in preconception and early pregnancy influences fetal growth. Evidence for effects of prenatal maternal nutrition on early child development (ECD) in low-income and middle-income countries is limited.

OBJECTIVES: To examine impact of maternal nutrition supplementation initiated prior to or during pregnancy on ECD, and to examine potential association of postnatal growth with ECD domains.

DESIGN: Secondary analysis regarding the offspring of participants of a maternal multicountry, individually randomised trial.

SETTING: Rural Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guatemala, India and Pakistan.

PARTICIPANTS: 667 offspring of Women First trial participants, aged 24 months.

INTERVENTION: Maternal lipid-based nutrient supplement initiated …

Key Takeaways For Knowledge Expansion Of Early-Career Scientists Conducting Transdisciplinary Research In Energetics And Cancer (Trec): A Report From The Trec Training Workshop 2022, Che-Pei Kung, Meghan B. Skiba, Erika J. Crosby, Jessica Gorzelitz, Mary A. Kennedy, Bethany A. Kerr, Yun Rose Li, Sarah Nash, Melanie Potiaumpai, Amber S. Kleckner, Dara L. James, Michael F. Coleman, Ciaran M. Fairman, Gloria C. Galván, David O. Garcia, Max J. Gordon, Mathilde His, Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle, So-Youn Kim, Tae-Hyung Kim, Amanika Kumar, Mélanie Mahé, Karen K. Mcdonnell, Jade Moore, Sangphil Oh, Xinghui Sun, Melinda L. Irwin

Pathology Research and Scholarship

The overall goal of the annual Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Training Workshop is to provide transdisciplinary training for scientists in energetics and cancer and clinical care. The 2022 Workshop included 27 early-to-mid career investigators (trainees) pursuing diverse TREC research areas in basic, clinical, and population sciences. The 2022 trainees participated in a gallery walk, an interactive qualitative program evaluation method, to summarize key takeaways related to program objectives. Writing groups were formed and collaborated on this summary of the 5 key takeaways from the TREC Workshop. The 2022 TREC Workshop provided a targeted and unique networking opportunity …

State-Level Macro-Economic Factors Moderate The Association Of Low Income With Brain Structure And Mental Health In U.S. Children, David G Weissman, Mark L Hatzenbuehler, Mina Cikara, Deanna M Barch, Katie A Mclaughlin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Macrostructural characteristics, such as cost of living and state-level anti-poverty programs relate to the magnitude of socioeconomic disparities in brain development and mental health. In this study we leveraged data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study from 10,633 9-11 year old youth (5115 female) across 17 states. Lower income was associated with smaller hippocampal volume and higher internalizing psychopathology. These associations were stronger in states with higher cost of living. However, in high cost of living states that provide more generous cash benefits for low-income families, socioeconomic disparities in hippocampal volume were reduced by 34%, such that …

Adiposity-Associated Atrial Fibrillation: Molecular Determinants, Mechanisms, And Clinical Significance, Monika Gawałko, Arnela Saljic, Na Li, Issam Abu-Taha, Thomas Jespersen, Dominik Linz, Stanley Nattel, Jordi Heijman, Anke Fender, Dobromir Dobrev

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Obesity is an important contributing factor to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its complications by causing systemic changes, such as altered haemodynamic, increased sympathetic tone, and low-grade chronic inflammatory state. In addition, adipose tissue is a metabolically active organ that comprises various types of fat deposits with discrete composition and localization that show distinct functions. Fatty tissue differentially affects the evolution of AF, with highly secretory active visceral fat surrounding the heart generally having a more potent influence than the rather inert subcutaneous fat. A variety of proinflammatory, profibrotic, and vasoconstrictive mediators are secreted by adipose tissue, particularly …

Does The Type Of Chronic Heart Failure Impact In-Hospital Outcomes For Aortic Valve Replacement Procedures?, Talha Mubashir, John Zaki, Sin Yeong An, Ismael A Salas De Armas, Yafen Liang, Travis Markham, Han Feng, Mehmet H Akay, Angelo Nascimbene, Bindu Akkanti, George W Williams, Fabricio Zasso, Maria Patarroyo Aponte, Igor D Gregoric, Biswajit Kar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: This study assessed in-hospital outcomes of patients with chronic systolic, diastolic, or mixed heart failure (HF) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).

METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients with aortic stenosis and chronic HF who underwent TAVR or SAVR between 2012 and 2015. Propensity score matching and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine outcome risk.

RESULTS: A cohort of 9,879 patients with systolic (27.2%), diastolic (52.2%), and mixed (20.6%) chronic HF were included. No statistically significant differences in hospital mortality were noted. Overall, patients with diastolic HF …