Digital Commons Network^™

White Matter Integrity Abnormalities In Healthy Overweight Individuals Revealed By Whole Brain Meta-Analysis Of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies, Xiaodong Cheng, Wenchang Wang, Chen Sun, Yana Sun, Cong Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in healthy individuals with overweight or obesity.

METHODS: A systematic literature search using Web of Science and PubMed datasets was performed. Original investigations that used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore fractional anisotropy (FA) differences between healthy overweight/obese individuals and normal weight controls were collected. The meta-analysis was conducted using the seed-based

RESULTS: The analysis included five studies comprising 232 overweight/obese individuals and 219 healthy normal weight controls. The findings showed that overweight/obese individuals exhibited reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in specific regions, namely, the …

Causal Models And Causal Modelling In Obesity: Foundations, Methods And Evidence, Roger S Zoh, Xiaoxin Yu, Philip Dawid, George Davey Smith, Stephen J French, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Discussing causes in science, if we are to do so in a way that is sensible, begins at the root. All too often, we jump to discussing specific postulated causes but do not first consider what we mean by, for example, causes of obesity or how we discern whether something is a cause. In this paper, we address what we mean by a cause, discuss what might and might not constitute a reasonable causal model in the abstract, speculate about what the causal structure of obesity might be like overall and the types of things we should be looking …

Early Resveratrol Treatment Mitigates Joint Degeneration And Dampens Pain In A Mouse Model Of Pseudoachondroplasia (Psach), Jacqueline T Hecht, Alka C Veerisetty, Debabrata Patra, Mohammad G Hossain, Frankie Chiu, Claire Mobed, Francis H Gannon, Karen L Posey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition associated with early-onset joint degeneration and lifelong joint pain, is caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The mechanisms underlying the mutant-COMP pathology have been defined using the MT-COMP mouse model of PSACH that has the common D469del mutation. Mutant-COMP protein does not fold properly, and it is retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of chondrocytes rather than being exported to the extracellular matrix (ECM), driving ER stress that stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation, driving a self-perpetuating cycle. CHOP (ER stress signaling protein) and TNFα inflammation drive high levels of mTORC1 …

Comparison Of Siren Social Needs Screening Tools And Simplified Omaha System Terms: Informing An Informatics Approach To Social Determinants Of Health Assessments, Jeana M Holt, Robin R Austin, Rivka Atadja, Marsha Cole, Theresa Noonan, Karen A Monsen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Numerous studies indicate that the social determinants of health (SDOH), conditions in which people work, play, and learn, account for 30%-55% of health outcomes. Many healthcare and social service organizations seek ways to collect, integrate, and address the SDOH. Informatics solutions such as standardized nursing terminologies may facilitate such goals. In this study, we compared one standardized nursing terminology, the Omaha System, in its consumer-facing form, Simplified Omaha System Terms (SOST), to social needs screening tools identified by the Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network (SIREN).

Materials and methods: Using standard mapping techniques, we mapped 286 items from 15 …

Helping Frontline Workers In Texas-A Framework For Resource Development, Karima Lalani, Meredith O'Neal, Simone Lee Joannou, Bhanumathi Gopal, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

First responders disproportionately experience occupational stress when compared to the general population, and COVID-19 has exacerbated this stress. The nature of their duties as law enforcement officers, firefighters, and medics exposes them to repeated trauma, increasing their risk of developing a broad array of mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), and compassion fatigue. This paper describes the need for resources for frontline workers and provides a framework for creating and implementing resources. A team of interdisciplinary subject matter experts developed two major resources. The first resource was a 24/7 helpline to support first responders …

Helping Frontline Workers In Texas-A Framework For Resource Development, Karima Lalani, Meredith O'Neal, Simone Lee Joannou, Bhanumathi Gopal, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

First responders disproportionately experience occupational stress when compared to the general population, and COVID-19 has exacerbated this stress. The nature of their duties as law enforcement officers, firefighters, and medics exposes them to repeated trauma, increasing their risk of developing a broad array of mental health issues, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), and compassion fatigue. This paper describes the need for resources for frontline workers and provides a framework for creating and implementing resources. A team of interdisciplinary subject matter experts developed two major resources. The first resource was a 24/7 helpline to support first responders …

Investigating Associations Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Lung Function Decline, And Airway Obstruction, Bonnie K Patchen, Pallavi Balte, Traci M Bartz, R Graham Barr, Myriam Fornage, Mariaelisa Graff, David R Jacobs, Ravi Kalhan, Rozenn N Lemaitre, George O'Connor, Bruce Psaty, Jungkyun Seo, Michael Y Tsai, Alexis C Wood, Hanfei Xu, Jingwen Zhang, Sina A Gharib, Ani Manichaikul, Kari North, Lyn M Steffen, Josée Dupuis, Elizabeth Oelsner, Dana B Hancock, Patricia A Cassano

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rationale: Inflammation contributes to lung function decline and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Omega-3 fatty acids have antiinflammatory properties and may benefit lung health.

Objectives: To investigate associations of omega-3 fatty acids with lung function decline and incident airway obstruction in a diverse sample of adults from general-population cohorts.

Methods: Complementary study designs: 1) longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and repeated FEV1 and FVC measures in the NHLBI Pooled Cohorts Study and 2) two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study of genetically predicted omega-3 fatty acids and lung function parameters.

Measurements and Main Results: The …

U.S. Adolescent Rest-Activity Patterns: Insights From Functional Principal Component Analysis (Nhanes 2011–2014), Chris Ho Ching Yeung, Jiachen Lu, Erica G Soltero, Cici Bauer, Qian Xiao

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Suboptimal rest-activity patterns in adolescence are associated with worse health outcomes in adulthood. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with rest-activity rhythms may help identify subgroups who may benefit from interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association of rest-activity rhythm with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in adolescents.

Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 adolescents (N = 1814), this study derived rest-activity profiles from 7-day 24-hour accelerometer data using functional principal component analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between participant characteristics and rest-activity profiles. Weekday and weekend …

Us Adolescent Rest-Activity Patterns: Insights From Functional Principal Component Analysis (Nhanes 2011-2014), Chris Ho Ching Yeung, Jiachen Lu, Erica G Soltero, Cici Bauer, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal rest-activity patterns in adolescence are associated with worse health outcomes in adulthood. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with rest-activity rhythms may help identify subgroups who may benefit from interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association of rest-activity rhythm with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in adolescents.

METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 adolescents (N = 1814), this study derived rest-activity profiles from 7-day 24-hour accelerometer data using functional principal component analysis. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between participant characteristics and rest-activity profiles. Weekday and weekend …

Tuberculosis Presentation And Outcomes In Older Hispanic Adults From Tamaulipas, Mexico, Belinda A Medrano, Miryoung Lee, Gretchen Gemeinhardt, Javier E Rodríguez-Herrera, Moncerrato García-Viveros, Blanca I Restrepo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Older people are at high risk of developing and dying from pulmonary infections like tuberculosis (TB), but there are few studies among them, particularly in Hispanics. To address these gaps, we sought to identify host factors associated with TB and adverse treatment outcomes in older Hispanics by conducting a cross-sectional study of TB surveillance data from Tamaulipas, Mexico (2006-2013; n = 8381). Multivariable logistic regressions were assessed for older adults (OA ≥65 years) when compared to young (YA, 18-39 years) and middle-aged adults (40-64 years). We found that the OA had features associated with a less complicated TB (e.g., lower …

Bacterial And Fungal Characterization Of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma From Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies, Robin D Wright, Thais F Bartelli, Seyda Baydogan, James Robert White, Michael P Kim, Manoop S Bhutani, Florencia Mcallister

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The tumor microbiome (TM) has been linked to pancreatic cancer prognosis. Specific microbes can confer tumor resistance to therapies. Early knowledge of the TM at time of diagnosis would be clinically relevant for precision therapy based on microbial composition. However, it is difficult to define the TM prior to surgical resection.

METHODS: In this pilot feasibility study, patients underwent Endoscopic Ultrasound-Fine Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing for characterization of the tumor bacteria and fungi.

RESULT: After in silico decontamination and comparison to non-matched tumor, …

Efficacy And Safety Of Mas825 (Anti-Il-1Β/Il-18) In Covid-19 Patients With Pneumonia And Impaired Respiratory Function, Alex D Hakim, Mustafa Awili, Hollis R O'Neal, Omar Siddiqi, Naseem Jaffrani, Richard Lee, Jeffrey S Overcash, Ann Chauffe, Terese C Hammond, Bela Patel, Michael Waters, Gerard J Criner, Alok Pachori, Guido Junge, Rafael Levitch, Jen Watts, Philip Koo, Tirtha Sengupta, Lili Yu, Michael Kiffe, Anne Pinck, Richard R Stein, Jamie Bendrick-Peart, Janet Jenkins, Marianna Rowlands, Frank Waldron-Lynch, Jesse Matthews

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

MAS825, a bispecific IL-1β/IL-18 monoclonal antibody, could improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia by reducing inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Hospitalized non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (n = 138) were randomized (1:1) to receive MAS825 (10 mg/kg single i.v.) or placebo in addition to standard of care (SoC). The primary endpoint was the composite Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on Day 15 or on the day of discharge (whichever was earlier) with worst-case imputation for death. Other study endpoints included safety, C-reactive protein (CRP), SARS-CoV-2 presence, and inflammatory markers. On Day 15, the APACHE II score was 14.5 …

Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli And The Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome, Stephen B Freedman, Nicole C A J Van De Kar, Phillip I Tarr

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

A Proof-Of-Concept Pilot Test Of A Behavioral Intervention To Improve Adherence To Dietary Recommendations For Cancer Prevention, Meghan Butryn, Charlotte Hagerman, Nicole Crane, Marny Ehmann, Evan Forman, Brandy-Joe Milliron, Nicole L. Simone

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Prevention programs that can help adults improve the quality of their diets to reduce cancer risk are needed. This Phase IIa study prospectively tested a mHealth intervention designed to improve adherence to dietary quality guidelines for cancer prevention.

METHODS: All participants (N = 62) received nutrition education and a self-regulation skills curriculum, with a primary target of changing grocery shopping behavior. Using a randomized, factorial design, the study varied whether each of the following 4 components were added to the 20-week intervention: (1) location-triggered app messaging, delivered when individuals arrived at grocery stores, (2) reflections on benefits of change, …

Paired Liver:Plasma Pfas Concentration Ratios From Adolescents In The Teen-Labs Study And Derivation Of Empirical And Mass Balance Models To Predict And Explain Liver Pfas Accumulationn, Brittney O Baumert, Fabian C Fischer, Flemming Nielsen, Philippe Grandjean, Scott Bartell, Nikos Stratakis, Douglas I Walker, Damaskini Valvi, Rohit Kohli, Thomas Inge, Justin Ryder, Todd Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Stavra Xanthakos, Sarah Rock, Michele A La Merrill, David Conti, Rob Mcconnell, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Animal studies have pointed at the liver as a hotspot for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) accumulation and toxicity, however, these findings have not been replicated in human populations. We measured concentrations of seven PFAS in matched liver and plasma samples collected at the time of bariatric surgery from 64 adolescents in the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) study. Liver:plasma concentrations ratios were perfectly explained (r2 > 0.99) in a multi-linear regression (MLR) model based on toxicokinetic (TK) descriptors consisting of binding to tissue constituents and membrane permeabilities. Of the seven matched plasma and liver PFAS concentrations compared in this …

Znf683 Marks A Cd8+ T Cell Population Associated With Anti-Tumor Immunity Following Anti-Pd-1 Therapy For Richter Syndrome, Erin M Parry, Camilla K Lemvigh, Stephanie Deng, Nathan Dangle, Neil Ruthen, Binyamin A Knisbacher, Julien Broséus, Sébastien Hergalant, Romain Guièze, Shuqiang Li, Wandi Zhang, Connor Johnson, Jaclyn M Long, Shanye Yin, Lillian Werner, Annabelle Anandappa, Noelia Purroy, Satyen Gohil, Giacomo Oliveira, Pavan Bachireddy, Sachet A Shukla, Teddy Huang, Joseph D Khoury, Beenu Thakral, Michael Dickinson, Constantine Tam, Kenneth J Livak, Gad Getz, Donna Neuberg, Pierre Feugier, Peter Kharchenko, William Wierda, Lars Rønn Olsen, Nitin Jain, Catherine J Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Unlike many other hematologic malignancies, Richter syndrome (RS), an aggressive B cell lymphoma originating from indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is responsive to PD-1 blockade. To discover the determinants of response, we analyze single-cell transcriptome data generated from 17 bone marrow samples longitudinally collected from 6 patients with RS. Response is associated with intermediate exhausted CD8 effector/effector memory T cells marked by high expression of the transcription factor ZNF683, determined to be evolving from stem-like memory cells and divergent from terminally exhausted cells. This signature overlaps with that of tumor-infiltrating populations from anti-PD-1 responsive solid tumors. ZNF683 is found to directly …

Social Determinants Of Health And Disparate Disability Accumulation In A Cohort Of Black, Hispanic, And White Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Michael C Robertson, Brian Downer, Paul E Schulz, Rafael Samper-Ternent, Elizabeth J Lyons, Sadaf Arefi Milani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Mexico has a rapidly aging population at risk for cognitive impairment. Social and leisure activities may protect against cognitive decline in older adults. The benefits of these behaviors may vary by patterns of cognitive impairment. The objectives of this study were to identify latent states of cognitive functioning, model the incidence of transitions between these states, and investigate how social and leisure activities were associated with state transitions over a 6-year period in Mexican adults aged 60 and older.

METHODS: We performed latent transition analyses to identify distinct cognitive statuses in the 2012 and 2018 waves of the Mexican …

Metabolomic Phenotype Of Hepatic Steatosis And Fibrosis In Mexican Children Living With Obesity, Nayely Garibay-Nieto, Karen Pedraza-Escudero, Isabel Omaña-Guzmán, María José Garcés-Hernández, Eréndira Villanueva-Ortega, Mariana Flores-Torres, José Luis Pérez-Hernández, Mireya León-Hernández, Estibalitz Laresgoiti-Servitje, Berenice Palacios-González, Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga, Mauricio Lisker-Melman, Felipe Vadillo-Ortega

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Global Effect Of Modifiable Risk Factors On Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality, Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium, Christina Magnussen, Francisco M Ojeda, Darryl P Leong, Jesus Alegre-Diaz, Philippe Amouyel, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Dirk De Bacquer, Christie M Ballantyne, Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz, Martin Bobak, Hermann Brenner, Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco, James De Lemos, Annette Dobson, Marcus Dörr, Chiara Donfrancesco, Wojciech Drygas, Robin P Dullaart, Gunnar Engström, Marco M Ferrario, Jean Ferrières, Giovanni De Gaetano, Uri Goldbourt, Clicerio Gonzalez, Guido Grassi, Allison M Hodge, Kristian Hveem, Licia Iacoviello, M Kamran Ikram, Vilma Irazola, Modou Jobe, Pekka Jousilahti, Pontiano Kaleebu, Maryam Kavousi, Frank Kee, Davood Khalili, Wolfgang Koenig, Anna Kontsevaya, Kari Kuulasmaa, Karl J Lackner, David M Leistner, Lars Lind, Allan Linneberg, Thiess Lorenz, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken, Reza Malekzadeh, Sofia Malyutina, Ellisiv B Mathiesen, Olle Melander, Andres Metspalu, J Jaime Miranda, Marie Moitry, Joseph Mugisha, Mahdi Nalini, Vijay Nambi, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Karen Oppermann, Eleonora D'Orsi, Andrzej Pająk, Luigi Palmieri, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Annette Peters, Hossein Poustchi, Andrew M Prentice, Eva Prescott, Ulf Risérus, Veikko Salomaa, Susana Sans, Satoko Sakata, Ben Schöttker, Aletta E Schutte, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Jonathan E Shaw, Leon A Simons, Stefan Söderberg, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Barbara Thorand, Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe, Raphael Twerenbold, Diego Vanuzzo, Giovanni Veronesi, Julia Waibel, S Goya Wannamethee, Masafumi Watanabe, Philipp S Wild, Yao Yao, Yi Zeng, Andreas Ziegler, Stefan Blankenberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Five modifiable risk factors are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The regional and sex-specific prevalence of these modifiable risk factors and their impact on CVD and all-cause mortality have not been evaluated using individual-level data.

METHODS: The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium harmonized individual-level data from 112 cohort studies conducted in 34 countries and 8 geographic regions. Associations between body-mass index, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes with incident CVD and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox regression analyses and stratified by geographic region, age and sex. Population-attributable fractions were estimated for 10-year incident …

Spa-Stocsy: An Automated Tool For Identifying Annotated And Non-Annotated Metabolites In High-Throughput Nmr Spectra, Xu Han, Wanli Wang, Li-Hua Ma, Ismael Ai-Ramahi, Juan Botas, Kevin Mackenzie, Genevera I Allen, Damian W Young, Zhandong Liu, Mirjana Maletic-Savatic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

MOTIVATION: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is widely used to analyze metabolites in biological samples, but the analysis requires specific expertise, it is time-consuming, and can be inaccurate. Here, we present a powerful automate tool, SPatial clustering Algorithm-Statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY (SPA-STOCSY), which overcomes challenges faced when analyzing NMR data and identifies metabolites in a sample with high accuracy.

RESULTS: As a data-driven method, SPA-STOCSY estimates all parameters from the input dataset. It first investigates the covariance pattern among datapoints and then calculates the optimal threshold with which to cluster datapoints belonging to the same structural unit, i.e. the metabolite. …

Endocrine Therapy Synergizes With Smac Mimetics To Potentiate Antigen Presentation And Tumor Regression In Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer, Francisco Hermida-Prado, Yingtian Xie, Shira Sherman, Zsuzsanna Nagy, Douglas Russo, Tara Akhshi, Zhengtao Chu, Avery Feit, Marco Campisi, Minyue Chen, Agostina Nardone, Cristina Guarducci, Klothilda Lim, Alba Font-Tello, Irene Lee, Juana García-Pedrero, Israel Cañadas, Judith Agudo, Ying Huang, Tal Sella, Qingchun Jin, Nabihah Tayob, Elizabeth A Mittendorf, Sara M Tolaney, Xintao Qiu, Henry Long, William F Symmans, Jia-Ren Lin, Sandro Santagata, Isabelle Bedrosian, Denise A Yardley, Ingrid A Mayer, Edward T Richardson, Giacomo Oliveira, Catherine J Wu, Eugene F Schuster, Mitch Dowsett, Alana L Welm, David Barbie, Otto Metzger, Rinath Jeselsohn

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immunotherapies have yet to demonstrate significant efficacy in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Given that endocrine therapy (ET) is the primary approach for treating HR+ breast cancer, we investigated the effects of ET on the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in HR+ breast cancer. Spatial proteomics of primary HR+ breast cancer samples obtained at baseline and after ET from patients enrolled in a neoadjuvant clinical trial (NCT02764541) indicated that ET upregulated β2-microglobulin and influenced the TME in a manner that promotes enhanced immunogenicity. To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the intrinsic effects of …

Chronic Kidney Disease Promotes Atrial Fibrillation Via Inflammasome Pathway Activation, Jia Song, Jose Alberto Navarro-Garcia, Jiao Wu, Arnela Saljic, Issam Abu-Taha, Luge Li, Satadru K Lahiri, Joshua A Keefe, Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez, Oliver M Moore, Yue Yuan, Xiaolei Wang, Markus Kamler, William E Mitch, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Zhaoyong Hu, Sandhya S Thomas, Dobromir Dobrev, Xander Ht Wehrens, Na Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanistic link between CKD and AF remains elusive. IL-1β, a main effector of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, is a key modulator of conditions associated with inflammation, such as AF and CKD. Circulating IL-1β levels were elevated in patients with CKD who had AF (versus patients with CKD in sinus rhythm). Moreover, NLRP3 activity was enhanced in atria of patients with CKD. To elucidate the role of NLRP3/IL-1β signaling in the pathogenesis of CKD-induced AF, Nlrp3-/- and WT mice were subjected to …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of Live Viral Vaccines In A Multicenter Cohort Of Pediatric Transplant Recipients, Amy G Feldman, Brenda L Beaty, Jose A Ferrolino, Gabriela Maron, Hillary K Weidner, Saira A Ali, Leandra Bitterfeld, Mary Alice Boulware, Kathleen M Campbell, Emily Carr, Shelley Chapman, Yeh-Chung Chang, Ryan Cunningham, Ronald H Dallas, Keerti L Dantuluri, Bryanna N Domenick, Noelle H Ebel, Scott Elisofon, Rima Fawaz, Marc Foca, Hayley A Gans, Vani V Gopalareddy, Cindy Gu, Nitika A Gupta, Katherine Harmann, Jessica Hollenbeck, Anna R Huppler, Catalina Jaramillo, Nagraj Kasi, Nanda Kerkar, Stacee Lerret, Steven J Lobritto, Maclovio J Lopez, Elizabeth Marini, Alisha Mavis, Sonia Mehra, Lynnette Moats, Sindhu Mohandas, Flor M Munoz, Krupa R Mysore, Ceren Onsan, Nadia Ovchinsky, Kerrigan Perkins, Stacy Postma, Lauren Pratscher, Elizabeth B Rand, Regina K Rowe, Danielle Schultz, Katherine Sear, Megan L Sell, Tanvi Sharma, Janis Stoll, Mychoua Vang, Dominique Villarin, Carly Weaver, Phoebe Wood, Olivia Woodford-Berry, George Yanni, Lara A Danziger-Isakov

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Live vaccines (measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] and varicella-zoster virus [VZV]) have not been recommended after solid organ transplant due to concern for inciting vaccine strain infection in an immunocompromised host. However, the rates of measles, mumps, and varicella are rising nationally and internationally, leaving susceptible immunocompromised children at risk for life-threating conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and immunogenicity of live vaccines in pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included select pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients who had not completed their primary MMR and VZV vaccine series and/or who displayed nonprotective serum antibody …

Accuracy And Reliability Of Chatbot Responses To Physician Questions, Rachel S Goodman, Isik Turker, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Natural language processing tools, such as ChatGPT (generative pretrained transformer, hereafter referred to as chatbot), have the potential to radically enhance the accessibility of medical information for health professionals and patients. Assessing the safety and efficacy of these tools in answering physician-generated questions is critical to determining their suitability in clinical settings, facilitating complex decision-making, and optimizing health care efficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy and comprehensiveness of chatbot-generated responses to physician-developed medical queries, highlighting the reliability and limitations of artificial intelligence-generated medical information.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three physicians across 17 specialties generated 284 medical questions that they …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of Live Viral Vaccines In A Multicenter Cohort Of Pediatric Transplant Recipients, Amy G Feldman, Stacy Postma, Janis Stoll, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Live vaccines (measles-mumps-rubella [MMR] and varicella-zoster virus [VZV]) have not been recommended after solid organ transplant due to concern for inciting vaccine strain infection in an immunocompromised host. However, the rates of measles, mumps, and varicella are rising nationally and internationally, leaving susceptible immunocompromised children at risk for life-threating conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and immunogenicity of live vaccines in pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included select pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients who had not completed their primary MMR and VZV vaccine series and/or who displayed nonprotective serum antibody …

Multilevel Community Engagement To Inform A Randomized Clinical Trial, Kirby L. Wycoff, Jabina G. Coleman, Christine M. Santoro, Leah L. Zullig, Niesha Darden, Porsche M. Holland, Jane F. Cruice, Shukriyyah Mitchell, Michelle Smith, Saleemah J. Mcneil, Sharon J. Herring

Counseling and Behavioral Health Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To explore how patients, community-based perinatal support professionals, and health system clinicians and staff perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed to optimize Black maternal heart health.

METHODS: This article describes the formative work that we believed needed to occur before the start of the Change of H.E.A.R.T (Here for Equity, Advocacy, Reflection and Transformation) RCT. We used a qualitative, descriptive design and community-based, participatory approach, the latter of which allowed our team to intentionally focus on avoiding harm and equalizing power dynamics throughout the research process. Data were collected between November 2021 …

Human Intestinal Organoids As Models To Study Enteric Bacteria And Viruses, Grace Adeniyi-Ipadeola, Hephzibah Nwanosike, Sasirekha Ramani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Laboratory studies of host-microbe interactions have historically been carried out using transformed cell lines and animal models. Although much has been learned from these models, recent advances in the development of multicellular, physiologically active, human intestinal organoid (HIO) cultures are allowing unprecedented discoveries of host-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent literature using HIOs as models to investigate the pathogenesis of clinically important enteric bacteria and viruses and study commensal intestinal microbes. We also discuss limitations of current HIO culture systems and how technical advances and innovative engineering approaches are providing new directions to improve the model. The studies discussed here …

Associations Between Metabolomic Biomarkers Of Avocado Intake And Glycemia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Alexis C Wood, Mark O Goodarzi, Mackenzie K Senn, Meghana D Gadgil, Goncalo Graca, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Michael Y Mi, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Russell P Tracy, David M Herrington, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.

OBJECTIVES: To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.

METHODS: Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an …

Ignoring Clustering And Nesting Effects Are Invalid Analysis Choices In A Trial With Clustered Data In Trials Testing Causal Effects Re: "Impact Of A Montessori-Based Nutrition Program On Children's Knowledge And Eating Behaviors", Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Colby J Vorland, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Deborah H Glueck, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Vitale and Coccia conducted a study to examine the effects of a nutrition education program among school children, and reported statistically significant between-group effects for nutrition knowledge and liking tomatoes. In the study blocks of classrooms were assigned to the study conditions. Thus, with children nested within classrooms, and classrooms nested within blocks, the study has a two-level design, and block is the independent sampling unit. The analysis of the study must account for the two levels of clustering, but it did not. This render the conclusions reported in the paper unsubstantiated. For correcting the scientific record, reanalysis of the …

Expert Panel Curation Of 113 Primary Mitochondrial Disease Genes For The Leigh Syndrome Spectrum, Elizabeth M Mccormick, Kierstin Keller, Julie P Taylor, Alison J Coffey, Lishuang Shen, Danuta Krotoski, Brian Harding, Xiaowu Gai, Marni J Falk, Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham, Shamima Rahman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by inherited mitochondrial dysfunction. Classically defined neuropathologically as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, Leigh syndrome spectrum (LSS) is the most frequent manifestation of PMD in children, but may also present in adults. A major challenge for accurate diagnosis of LSS in the genomic medicine era is establishing gene-disease relationships (GDRs) for this syndrome with >100 monogenic causes across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Mitochondrial Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel (GCEP), comprising 40 international PMD experts, met monthly for 4 years to review GDRs for LSS. The GCEP …