Digital Commons Network^™

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists And Risk Of Substance Use Disorders Among Us Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study, Miao Cai, Taeyoung Choi, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists is associated with both reduced risks of incident alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, nicotine, opioid, and other substance use disorders (SUDs) in people with no history of SUDs (protocol 1) and with reduced risk of SUD related adverse clinical outcomes among people with a pre-existing SUD (protocol 2).

DESIGN: Emulation of eight parallel, new user, active comparator target trials using electronic health records: seven trials for each incident SUD outcome (protocol 1) and one trial for adverse outcomes in people with pre-existing SUD (protocol 2).

SETTING: US Department of Veterans Affairs. …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Risk Of All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality: A Nationwide Population And Sibling-Controlled Cohort Study In Taiwan, Chih-Wei Hsu, Yang-Chieh Brian Chen, Liang-Jen Wang, Mu-Hong Chen, Yao-Hsu Yang, Chih-Sung Liang, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aims: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may shorten life expectancy, but evidence for Asian populations and cause-specific mortality remains limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between PTSD and mortality risk in an Asian population.

Methods: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (2000-2022) to assemble a cohort of 28,777 individuals with incident PTSD and 115,108 age- and sex-matched unexposed individuals, plus a sibling cohort of 13,305 affected patients and 22,030 unaffected siblings. Cox models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for all-cause, unnatural-cause (suicide and accidents) and natural-cause mortality, with progressive adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidity …

Circulating Ketone Bodies And Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes And Mortality: Insights From The Uk Biobank, Parag Anilkumar Chevli, Saeid Mirzai, Richard Kazibwe, Jeff Kingsley, Alexis C Wood, Joseph Yeboah, Leandro Slipczuk, Anurag Mehta, Harpreet S Bhatia, Ambarish Pandey, Michael D Shapiro

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Ketone bodies (KB) are endogenous energy sources synthesized by the liver in response to metabolic stress. Their associations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), and mortality and their potential beneficial or harmful effects have yet to be determined. This study aimed to examine the association between KB and incident cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in a large general population cohort free from ASCVD and HF at baseline.

Methods: This analysis included 90 987 participants (mean age 56.4 ± 8.1 years; 54.7% women) from the UK Biobank without prevalent ASCVD or HF. KB were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance …

Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli Outbreak In Canadian Daycare Centers, Mohamed Eltorki, Oluwatimilehin O Ajayi, Jina Seok, Jianling Xie, Francesco A Rizzuti, Byron M Berenger, Phillip I Tarr, Andrew T Pavia, Kate Snedeker, Silviu Grisaru, Otto G Vanderkooi, Linda Chui, Gillian A M Tarr, Gemma Vomiero, Stephen B Freedman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections have significant morbidity, with 15% to 20% of children developing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), more than half of whom require kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

OBJECTIVE: To describe health care resource utilization, clinical outcomes, and outcomes associated with daily laboratory monitoring for thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in a large point-source STEC outbreak.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among a population-based cohort of individuals exposed to a contaminated food item served in 11 childcare centers in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, on August 29, 2023. Children and adults with confirmed STEC infection linked …

Toward Scientific Rigor: Setting Standards For Indirect Calorimetry Analysis And Reporting, Elizabeth L Lieu, Mark A Herman, Sean M Hartig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Indirect calorimetry determines energy expenditure by measuring respiratory gas exchange. The approach is based on the principle that nutrient metabolism consumes O2 and produces CO2 and water in predictable ratios that can be compared with heat production. Due to the impracticality and high cost of direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry is the major approach for modern metabolic studies in preclinical models. Despite the broad adoption of this method in rodent phenotyping, the field has lacked standardized methods for analyzing, representing, and sharing these data, limiting scientific progress. The recent review in Nature Metabolism by the International Indirect Calorimetry Consensus Committee (IICCC) …

The Role Of Top-Down Appetite Self-Regulation In The Development Of Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Children: A Narrative Review And Socialization Framework, David J Bridgett, Sheryl O Hughes, Matthew Broussard, Daniela Mccourt, Christina M Croce, Jennifer O Fisher

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Appetite self-regulation (ASR) among children is thought to have a fundamental role in shaping the development of healthy eating behaviors, dietary intake, and growth during childhood. Parallel to developmental frameworks for understanding "general" self-regulation among children, ASR has been described as involving children's use of "top-down" cognitive processes to moderate "bottom-up" biological drives around food approach and avoidance in the interest of achieving desired eating behaviors or outcomes. Whereas bottom-up ASR processes during early childhood are well characterized, particularly in the context of dysregulation and obesity risk, the role of top-down ASR processes in the development of healthy eating behaviors …

Defining The Society Of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (Split) Research Agenda: A Delphi Consensus Project., Sharad I. Wadhwani, Pooja Reddy Spector, Amy G. Feldman, Katryn N. Furuya, Kayla Hartjes, Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn, Beau Kelly, Stacee M. Lerret, Krupa Mysore, Arti Pawaria, Philip Rosenthal, Amy Shui, Voytek Slowik, Sarah Taylor, Jennifer Vittorio, Pamela L. Valentino, Society Of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (Split)

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite major advances in surgical and medical management, only one-third of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients remain morbidity-free at 10 years. The Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) published a research agenda over 10 years ago, and much progress has been made since then. An updated consensus-driven SPLIT research agenda could guide future research and funding priorities. We aimed to identify and prioritize key research needs across the continuum of pediatric LT care using a modified Delphi consensus approach.

METHODS: We conducted a three-round modified Delphi process among SPLIT members. In round 1, participants submitted open-ended research priorities. In …

The Role Of Top-Down Appetite Self-Regulation In The Development Of Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Children: A Narrative Review And Socialization Framework, David J Bridgett, Sheryl O Hughes, Matthew Broussard, Daniela Mccourt, Christina M Croce, Jennifer O Fisher

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Appetite self-regulation (ASR) among children is thought to have a fundamental role in shaping the development of healthy eating behaviors, dietary intake, and growth during childhood. Parallel to developmental frameworks for understanding "general" self-regulation among children, ASR has been described as involving children's use of "top-down" cognitive processes to moderate "bottom-up" biological drives around food approach and avoidance in the interest of achieving desired eating behaviors or outcomes. Whereas bottom-up ASR processes during early childhood are well characterized, particularly in the context of dysregulation and obesity risk, the role of top-down ASR processes in the development of healthy eating behaviors …

Perceptions And Use Of Behaviour Change Interventions For Physical Activity In Chronic Respiratory Disease In The Republic Of Ireland, Ciara Hanrahan, Joseph G Mcveigh, Terence M O'Connor, Thierry Troosters, Julie Broderick

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives: Behaviour change interventions may support physical activity behaviour in people with chronic respiratory disease. The most effective interventions for long-term physical activity behaviour change in this cohort remains unclear. This aim of this study was to explore the use and perceptions of behaviour change interventions by both providers of physical activity programmes for people with chronic respiratory disease and by people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in The Republic of Ireland.

Design: Two anonymous online and paper-copy cross-sectional surveys, piloted and mapped to the COM-B model of behaviour change, were distributed via social media and relevant gate-keepers …

Pre- And Postnatal Exposure To Pm2.5 And No2 And Blood Pressure In Children: Results From The Echo Cohort, Yu Ni, Andrew Law, Xingyu Gao, Adam A Szpiro, Christine T Loftus, Miranda Jones, Logan C Dearborn, Marnie F Hazlehurst, Allison R Sherris, Sindana Ilango, Kaja Z Lewinn, Nicole R Bush, Qi Zhao, Leonardo Trasande, Joseph T Flynn, Daniel A Enquobahrie, Ruby H N Nguyen, Tom O'Connor, Arpita K Vyas, Mingyu Zhang, Hooman Mirzakhani, Alison Hipwell, Anne Starling, Alicia K Peterson, Akhgar Ghassabian, Assiamira Ferrara, Judy Aschner, Scott Collingwood, Margaret R Karagas, Michelle Katzow, Annemarie Stroustrup, Mehtap Haktnair, Tina V Hartert, Brittney M Snyder, Sophia Jan, Anne Marie Singh, Dana Dabelea, Angela M Malek, Jennifer K Straughen, Carlos A Camargo, Miatta A Buxton, Rosalind Wright, Kecia Carroll, Keia Sanderson, Daphne Koinis Mitchell, Viren D'Sa, Christine Hockett, Anne L Dunlop, Shohreh F Farzen, Sunni L Mumford, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Hudson P Santos, Xueying Zhang, Zhongzheng Niu, Nan Ji, Carrie Breton, Donghai Liang, Catherine J Karr, Echo Cohort Consortium

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: There is growing interest in understanding the link between early life exposures to ambient air pollution and childhood blood pressure; however, existing findings, largely from single site/cohort studies, are inconclusive.

Methods: We examined the association between exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and blood pressure measured at age 5-12 years in 4863 U.S. children from 20 pregnancy cohorts of the NIH ECHO cohort. Point-based residential exposures were derived from spatiotemporal models with a biweekly resolution and averaged over each trimester, the whole pregnancy, and child age 0-2 years. We converted systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood …

Associations Of Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity Timing With Type 2 Diabetes Incidence In Uk Biobank And Prevalent Glycemic Measures In Nhanes, Qiuyu Feng, Gali Albalak, Linjun Ao, Qian Xiao, Heming Wang, Jeroen H P M Van Der Velde, Jessica C Kiefte-De Jong, Martin K Rutter, Charles E Matthews, Joshua R Freeman, Ko Willems Van Dijk, Diana Van Heemst, Raymond Noordam

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: We assessed the association between timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic measures.

Research design and methods: Regression models were used to assess associations between accelerometer-derived MVPA timing and incident T2D in UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 84,528, prospective), prevalent diabetes, and glycemic measures in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 6,998, cross-sectional).

Results: In UKB, with early morning (0500-0959) MVPA as reference and before adjustment for total MVPA, "variable-timing" MVPA was associated with the lowest incident T2D risk; while after adjustment, afternoon-evening MVPA (1500-2400) showed the lowest …

Barriers To Occupational And Physical Therapy Utilization For Children With Cancer, Maria C Swartz, Shiming Zhang, Donna Kelly, Clark R Andersen, Keri Schadler, Alakh P Rajan, Eduardo Gonzalez Villarreal, Stephanie J Wells, Amy Heaton, Karen Moody

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Occupational and physical therapy (OT/PT) referrals and utilization barriers for childhood cancer patients have not been adequately examined. The current study investigated factors influencing referrals to and utilization of OT/PT services among children with cancer at an NIH-designated cancer center.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included pediatric cancer patients (up to 18.99 years) presenting to the center over a 33.5-month period. Variables that could influence referrals to OT/PT were extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) including OT and PT referrals (inpatient and outpatient), OT and PT consult completion, age at diagnosis, cancer type, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, cancer treatment, …

Physical Activity In Osteosarcoma Patients During And Post Therapy: A Single Site Prospective Observational Study, Elysia R Cohen, Clark Andersen, Karen Moody, Maria C Swartz, Michael C Robertson, Alakh Rajan, Theresa Honey, Sandra Lugo, Grace Waterman, Keri Schadler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. Many patients face long-term impairments in their mobility and function after treatment, leading to a decrease in their quality of life. Exercise has been shown to improve functional recovery and improve quality of life in patients with cancer, though data specific to children with osteosarcoma are sparse. Exercise has also been shown to be feasible in patients undergoing chemotherapy, with numerous potential benefits to health and quality of life. To design the most effective exercise interventions for children and adolescents with osteosarcoma, we must first understand the …

Human-Centered Design Of Patient Interviews: Capturing The Experiences Of Patients Recovering From Emergency Abdominal Surgery, Jenna L Marquard, Christie L Martin, Elizabeth C Wick, Amanda C Trofholz, Matthew S Loth, Suhyun Park, Genevieve B Melton

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Objectives: Recognizing the challenges of at-home recovery following a truncated presurgical pathway for emergency laparotomy (EL) patients, we sought to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal recovery. This study aimed to develop a human-centered interview guide to capture the experiences of patients recovering at home after EL.

Methods: We employed an iterative human-centered design (HCD) approach to interview guide development, structured across 3 cycles. Each cycle refined the interview guide based on mock interviews and feedback from an interdisciplinary team. In cycle 1, we focused on creating a patient-centered, understandable guide. In cycle 2, we introduced a preinterview survey to …

Urinary Cotinine Cut-Offs For Tobacco Smoke Exposure In Pregnancy And Associations With Child Intelligence Quotient: A Multi-Cohort Analysis, Yu Ni, Logan C Dearborn, Adam A Szpiro, Christine T Loftus, Qi Zhao, Nicole R Bush, Kaja Z Lewinn, Marnie F Hazlehurst, Thomas F Northrup, Penelope J E Quintana, Eunha Hoh, Georg Matt, Catherine J Karr

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke may impair neurodevelopment in children. However, accurately characterizing this exposure remains challenging.

Methods: We pursued two objectives in this large population study. First, in 1708 pregnant women from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, we constructed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine urinary cotinine cut-offs to classify firsthand (FHS), environmental (ETS), and no exposure, and further distinguished secondhand (SHS) from thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure within ETS. Second, among 1593 participants in three pregnancy cohorts nested in ECHO, we fit multivariable linear regressions to examine the association between the newly defined …

Optimizing Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Online Expressive Writing Intervention For Survivors Of Adolescent And Young Adult Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Trial Of Iterative Modifications And Outcomes, Eunju Choi, Yusi Aveva Xu, Celia Cy Wong-Meli, Michael E Roth, Yisheng Li, Qian Lu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of an online expressive writing (EW) intervention for survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer and determine whether iterative, theory-driven modifications can enhance response, adherence, and completion rates.

Methods: In this randomized pilot trial, survivors of AYA cancer were recruited through a hospital-based AYA oncology clinic and an online community. Forty participants were randomly assigned to the EW intervention or control group. To improve on lower-than-expected adherence and completion rates in a previous cohort, the protocol was iteratively revised using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS). Modifications included …

Establishing Proof-Of-Concept For The Feasibility And Implementation Of A Point-Of-Sale Firearm Safety Counseling Program: A Qualitative Case Study, Amanda Koong, Mike Henson-Garcia, Lauren Malthaner, Katelyn Jetelina, Belinda Hernandez, Sandra Mckay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Safe firearm storage is critical for injury prevention, yet there is limited evidence surrounding effective interventions to promote storage behaviors among owners. One potential avenue for intervention is at the point-of-sale, a concept well-proven in the nutrition promotion and tobacco cessation space. This study explored firearm retailer attitudes toward a firearm storage intervention delivered at the point of sale. Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted with firearm retailers from a suburban gun shop in Fort Bend, USA. This semi-structured interview assessed firearm retailer perceptions of the proposed point-of-sale intervention. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded to identify themes that emerged from …

Influence Of Exercise Training On Nitric Oxide Pathways And Their Physiological Effects, Jonas Benjamim, Stephen J Bailey, Leonardo Da Silva Gonçalves, Mia Burleigh, Mario Siervo, Andrew R Coggan, Raúl Bescos

School of Health Professions

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical signalling molecule in cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscular function. Endogenous NO production occurs via two primary metabolic pathways: 1) the classical nitric oxide synthases (NOS) pathway, and 2) the alternative (nitrate-nitrite-NO) pathway, in which inorganic nitrate (NO 3 -) is sequentially reduced to nitrite (NO 2 -) and other NO intermediates (e.g., S-nitrosothiol). The latter pathway relies heavily on the oral microbiota, which catalyze the two-electron partial reduction of NO 3 - to NO 2 -, which is influenced by oral physiology, microbial composition and salivary flow. While the role of exercise training in enhancing …

Defining The Society Of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (Split) Research Agenda: A Delphi Consensus Project, Sharad I Wadhwani, Pooja Reddy Spector, Amy G Feldman, Katryn N Furuya, Kayla Hartjes, Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn, Beau Kelly, Stacee M Lerret, Krupa Mysore, Arti Pawaria, Philip Rosenthal, Amy Shui, Voytek Slowik, Sarah Taylor, Jennifer Vittorio, Pamela L Valentino

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Despite major advances in surgical and medical management, only one-third of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients remain morbidity-free at 10 years. The Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) published a research agenda over 10 years ago, and much progress has been made since then. An updated consensus-driven SPLIT research agenda could guide future research and funding priorities. We aimed to identify and prioritize key research needs across the continuum of pediatric LT care using a modified Delphi consensus approach.

Methods: We conducted a three-round modified Delphi process among SPLIT members. In round 1, participants submitted open-ended research priorities. In …

Adenovirus Disease Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation: 10-Year Experience From A Large Pediatric Transplant Program, Anna M Banc-Husu, Sara Hassan, N Thao N Galvan, Elizabeth A Moulton, Jeremy M Schraw, Kathleen Hosek, Dana Cerminara, Flor M Munoz, Krupa Mysore

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Human adenovirus in immunocompromised patients can be life-threatening. We describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment of adenovirus after pediatric liver transplantation at a large transplant center.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adenovirus infection in children from 2013 to 2022. We compared incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of post-transplant children by adenovirus treatment status.

Results: Adenovirus disease developed in 26% (84/320) children after liver transplant. Median age at liver transplant was 17.5 months, 48% were female; 50% had biliary atresia. Fever (53%), gastrointestinal symptoms (48%), and hepatitis (41%) were the most common clinical presentations at diagnosis. …

Aggregation Of Gene Regulatory Information And Knowledge On Fair Principles Enables Discovery Of Pathogenic Gene Regulatory Variants, Keyang Yu, Haoquan Zhao, Andrea S Wilderman, Tierra R Farris, Jessie E Arce, David Chen, Andrew R Jackson, Yiran Guo, Qi Li, Bosko Jevtic, Dubravka Jevtic, Vuk Milinovic, Yuankun Zhu, Jeremy Costanza, Eric D Wenger, Christopher Nemarich, Lisa Anderson, Aleksandar Mihajlović, Kristin Ardlie, Shaine A Morris, Matthew E Roth, Deanne M Taylor, Adam C Resnick, Lilei Zhang, Aleksandar Milosavljevic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Motivation: Methods for sharing gene regulatory information and knowledge on FAIR principles, particularly in the context of tissue-specific gene regulation, remain poorly defined and implemented, hampering discovery and clinical genetic diagnosis.

Results: We specified FAIR principles for tissue-specific gene regulatory information and knowledge; implemented them by developing a registry of regulatory elements and aggregating FAIR gene regulatory information from several major sources; developed computational tools that utilize these FAIR resources; and demonstrated their utility by associating gene regulatory variants with major subtypes of congenital heart disease.

Supporting Evidence-Based Responses To Emotional Needs In Emphysema (Serene): Protocol For A Randomized, Open-Label Mechanistic Trial Comparing Coping Skills Training And Disease-Specific Education For Depressive Symptoms Conducted In United States Health Systems, Joanna L. Hart, Daniel Carter, Chloe Hinton, James Grilli, Lily A. Brown, Nora Brier, Yingying Lu, Casey Whitman, Michael O. Harhay, Michael Sims, Carmen Alvarez, Lisa R. Miller-Matero, C. Virginia O'Hayer

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms and anxiety are highly prevalent among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), strongly associated with poor outcomes, and rarely recognized or treated. Integrating families into interventions may amplify supportive care treatment effects and overcome common challenges, yet this strategy is understudied. The Supporting Evidence-based Responses to Emotional Needs in Emphysema (SERENE) trial's main objective is to identify the mechanisms through which a family-partnered Coping Skills Training (CST) reduces depressive symptoms among patients with COPD, testing five putative mechanisms: family relationship quality, patient and caregiver self-efficacy, patient loneliness, and caregiver psychological distress.

METHODS: SERENE will enroll 375 …

The Neuroprotective Effects Of Alpha-Tocopherol As An Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Mechanistic Insights And Therapeutic Challenges, Megumi H Seese, Yuanzhong Xu

The Brown Foundation: Institute of Molecular Medicine

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol, αToc), an antioxidant fat-soluble vitamin that prevents lipid peroxidation and modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production, is well-known to be critical for neuroprotection. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that αToc influences neuroinflammatory processes. Here, we review recent research progress on the effects of αToc on neuroinflammation. Preclinical studies included in this narrative review were identified through PubMed searches using the keywords "alpha-tocopherol AND neuroinflammation or alpha-tocopherol AND brain AND inflammation". While many studies support a neuroprotective role of αToc, the magnitude and direction of its effects vary substantially depending on dosage, route of administration, …

Expectant Management Vs Medication For Patent Ductus Arteriosus In Preterm Infants: The Pda Randomized Clinical Trial, Matthew M Laughon, Sonia M Thomas, Kristi L Watterberg, Kathleen A Kennedy, Martin Keszler, Namisavayam Ambalavanan, Alexis S Davis, Jonathan L Slaughter, Ronnie Guillet, Tarah T Colaizy, C Michael Cotten, Megan A Dhawan, Carl L Bose, Jennifer Talbert, Sarah Smucny, William E Benitz, Matthew A Rysavy, Robin K Ohls, Mariana C Baserga, Sara B Demauro, Mambarambath Jaleel, Wesley M Jackson, Waldemar A Carlo, Karen M Puopolo, Anna Maria Hibbs, Anup Katheria, Pablo J Sánchez, Carl T D'Angio, Ravi M Patel, Beth Ann Johnson, Valerie Y Chock, Abhay J Bhatt, Stephanie L Merhar, Ryan Moore, Abbot R Laptook, Sarvin Ghavam, Janell Fuller, Shilpa Vyas-Read, Stephen D Kicklighter, Baiba Steinbrekera, Kathryn Anderson, Praveen K Chandrasekharan, Myra H Wyckoff, Cassandra Montoya, Abhik Das, Barbara Do, Samantha Chang, Rosemary D Higgins, Michele C Walsh

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants is controversial.

Objective: To determine whether expectant management compared with active treatment of a protocol-defined PDA in preterm infants decreases the incidence of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Design, setting, and participants: A randomized clinical trial including infants born at 22 to 28 weeks' gestation and diagnosed with a protocol-defined PDA between the age of 48 hours and 21 days at screening. The trial was conducted from December 2018 to December 2024 at 33 hospitals within the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The …

Evolving Strategies In Prostate Cancer: Emerging Approaches And Unmet Needs From The Bridging The Gaps In Prostate Cancer Expert Panel, Rana Mckay, Benjamin Maughan, Alicia Morgans, Neal Shore, Evan Yu, Ravi Madan, Jacob Berchuck, Bradley Carthon, Steven Finkelstein, Leonard Gomella, Michael Gorin, Andrew Hahn, Stacy Loeb, Vivek Narayan, Daniel Petrylak, Charles Ryan, Karine Tawagi, Phuoc Tran, Tanya Dorff

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The expansion of treatment options for prostate cancer (PC) has improved disease-specific and overall survival outcomes but has also raised questions about the optimal level of treatment needed for patients based on their individual prognosis and accounting for potential toxicity, incorporating quality of life considerations.

METHODS: A panel of experts met to discuss current controversies in the care of patients with PC across the disease continuum. Multidisciplinary experts review advances and persistent uncertainties in biomarker-guided assessment, imaging, and systemic therapy for prostate cancer. The discussion outlines priority gaps in evidence that must be addressed to optimize individualized patient care. …

Community Participatory Co-Design And Development Of A Digital Diabetes Prevention Education Program For Hispanic Families With Obesity: Mixed Methods Study, Sandra Mihail, Marbelly Partida, Lizette Villanueva, Debbe Thompson, Teresia M O'Connor, Salma M Musaad, Maria J Redondo, Erica G Soltero

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Digital health interventions (DHIs) can extend the reach of disease prevention interventions; however, few are evidence-based, theoretically grounded, or developed for high-risk youth and families. Co-design approaches engage end users in the design and development of the DHI, which can lead to increased accessibility and engagement.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the adaptation of an evidence-based diabetes prevention program for remote, digital delivery.

Methods: The adaptation of the in-person intervention was guided by a modified Inclusive Digital Health Intervention Design to Promote Health Equity framework and conducted in collaboration with Hispanic adolescents (n=23) with obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) …

A Framework For Assessing The Trustworthiness Of Scientific Research Findings, Brian A Nosek, David B Allison, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Marcia Mcnutt, A Beau Nielsen, Susan M Wolf

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Vigorous debate has erupted over the trustworthiness of scientific research findings in a number of domains. The question "what makes research findings trustworthy?" elicits different answers depending on whether the emphasis is on research integrity and ethics, research methods, transparency, inclusion, assessment and peer review, or scholarly communication. Each provides partial insight. We offer a systems approach that focuses on whether the research is accountable, evaluable, well-formulated, has been evaluated, controls for bias, reduces error, and whether the claims are warranted by the evidence. We tie each of these components to measurable indicators of trustworthiness for evaluating the research itself, …

Performance Of An Automated Sleep Scoring Approach For Actigraphy Data In Children And Adolescents, Pin-Wei Chen, Erica C Jansen, Christopher M Cielo, Ariel A Williamson, Margaret Banker, Michael Kaye, Peter X K Song, Karen E Peterson, Alejandra Cantoral, Martha María Téllez-Rojo, Cathy Goldstein, Khadija Zanna, Akane Sano, Jennette P Moreno, Heidi Kalkwarf, Babette S Zemel, Jonathan A Mitchell

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Study objectives: GGIR is an R package for processing raw acceleration data to estimate sleep health parameters. We aimed to (1) assess the performance of three sleep algorithms within GGIR against PSG for detecting sleep/wake in clinically referred, typically-developing children (criterion validity); and (2) describe GGIR-derived sleep estimates from typically developing children enrolled in multiple cohort studies (face validity).

Methods: For criterion evaluation, children (8-16 years, N = 30) wore an actigraphy device for one night during in-lab polysomnography with performance assessed using epoch-by-epoch analyses. For face validity evaluation, four community/free living datasets were used: (1) Bone Mineral Accretion in …

Early Postnatal Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing In The Identification Of Perinatal Transmission Of Hepatitis C Virus, Mona Prasad, Grecio J Sandoval, George R Saade, Brenna L Hughes, Rebecca G Clifton, Uma M Reddy, Anna Bartholomew, Ashley Salazar, Edward K Chien, Alan T N Tita, John M Thorp, Torri D Metz, Ronald J Wapner, Vishakha Sabharwal, Hyagriv N Simhan, Geeta K Swamy, Kent D Heyborne, Baha M Sibai, William A Grobman, Yasser Y El-Sayed, Brian M Casey, Samuel Parry, George A Macones

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In this study, a single hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA at 2-6 months was sensitive and specific (86.7% and 95% confidence interval [CI], 62.1%-96.3% and 100% and 95% CI, 98.8%-100%, respectively) in identifying perinatal transmission of HCV. No cases of perinatal infection requiring treatment were missed.

Imodmix: Integrative Module Analysis For Multi-Omics Data., Isis Narváez-Bandera, Ashley Lui, Yonatan Ayalew Mekonnen, Vanessa Rubio, Augustine Takyi, Noah Sulman, Christopher Wilson, Hayley D. Ackerman, Oscar E. Ospina, Guillermo Gonzalez-Calderon, Elsa R. Flores, Qian Li, Ann Chen, Brooke L. Fridley, Paul A. Stewart

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

SUMMARY: Integrative Module Analysis for Multi-omics Data (iModMix) is a biology-agnostic framework that enables the discovery of novel associations across any type of quantitative abundance data, including but not limited to transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Instead of relying on pathway annotations or prior biological knowledge, iModMix constructs data-driven modules using graphical lasso to estimate sparse networks from omics features. These modules are summarized into eigenfeatures and correlated across datasets for horizontal integration, while preserving the distinct feature sets and interpretability of each omics type. iModMix operates directly on matrices containing expression or abundances for a wide range of features, including …