Digital Commons Network^™

Redefining And Revisiting Cost Estimates Of Routine Art Care In Zambia: An Analysis Of Ten Clinics, Austin Tucker, Tannia Tembo, Radhika P Tampi, Jacob Mutale, Mpande Mukumba-Mwenechanya, Anjali Sharma, David W Dowdy, Carolyn B Moore, Elvin Geng, Charles B Holmes, Izukanji Sikazwe, Hojoon Sohn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Accurate costing is key for programme planning and policy implementation. Since 2011, there have been major changes in eligibility criteria and treatment regimens with price reductions in ART drugs, programmatic changes resulting in clinical task-shifting and decentralization of ART delivery to peripheral health centres making existing evidence on ART care costs in Zambia out-of-date. As decision makers consider further changes in ART service delivery, it is important to understand the current drivers of costs for ART care. This study provides updates on costs of ART services for HIV-positive patients in Zambia.

METHODS: We evaluated costs, assessed from the health …

Parental Deployment And Distress, And Adolescent Disordered Eating In Prevention-Seeking Military Dependents, M K Higgins Neyland, Denise E Wilfley, Et Al

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVE: Parental military deployment can lead to stress in the family system due to concerns about the deployed service-member's safety and increased responsibilities for those not deployed. Parent-related stress can impact adolescent disordered eating. Given the important role that stress plays in disordered eating and obesity, it is crucial to understand the impacts of unique stressors to which vulnerable populations are exposed.

METHOD: We studied 126 adolescent (14.3 ± 1.6 years; 59.5% girls; 44.4% non-Hispanic White; BMI-z, 1.91 ± .39) military dependents prior to entering an obesity and binge-eating disorder prevention trial. The Eating Disorder Examination was used to assess …

Unusual Cause Of Heart Failure In A Patient With Marfan Syndrome: A Late Complication Of Bioprosthetic Valved Graft Replacement, Prerna B Bansal, Hari P Chaliki, Kantha R Kolla, Roger L Click, Alberto Pochettino

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

A high-velocity gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract is most often caused by aortic valve stenosis. We describe the unusual case of a high-velocity gradient caused by a kinked ascending aortic graft in a 69-year-old man who had Marfan syndrome. The patient had a history of ascending aortic aneurysm and had previously undergone replacement of the aortic root and ascending aorta with use of a bioprosthetic valved graft. The kinking was caused by dilation of the native aortic arch. The patient underwent successful hemi-arch replacement and repair of the kinked graft. Late complications and reoperation after proximal aortic surgery …

Treatment Of Atopic Dermatitis With Ruxolitinib Cream (Jak1/Jak2 Inhibitor) Or Triamcinolone Cream, Brian S Kim, Michael D Howell, Kang Sun, Kim Papp, Adnan Nasir, Michael E Kuligowski, Incb 18424-206 Study Investigators

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Ruxolitinib, a selective inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 and Janus kinase 2, potently suppresses cytokine signaling involved in AD pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib (RUX) cream in adults with AD.

METHODS: In this phase 2 study (NCT03011892), 307 adult patients with AD, an Investigator's Global Assessment score of 2 or 3 (mild or moderate), and 3% to 20% affected body surface area were equally randomized for 8 weeks of double-blind treatment to RUX (1.5% twice daily [BID], 1.5% once daily [QD], …

Diroximel Fumarate Demonstrates An Improved Gastrointestinal Tolerability Profile Compared With Dimethyl Fumarate In Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Results From The Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase Iii Evolve-Ms-2 Study, Robert T Naismith, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Diroximel fumarate (DRF) is a novel oral fumarate approved in the USA for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. DRF is converted to monomethyl fumarate, the pharmacologically active metabolite of dimethyl fumarate (DMF). DRF 462 mg and DMF 240 mg produce bioequivalent exposure of monomethyl fumarate and are therefore expected to have similar efficacy/safety profiles; the distinct chemical structure of DRF may contribute to its tolerability profile.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the gastrointestinal tolerability of DRF and DMF over 5 weeks in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

METHODS: EVOLVE-MS-2 was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, …

Toward Actionable Practice Parameters For "Dual Diagnosis": Principles Of Assessment And Management For Co-Occurring Psychiatric And Intellectual/Developmental Disability, John N Constantino, Shae Strom, Michael Bunis, Cy Nadler, Teresa Rodgers, Julia Lepage, Connie Cahalan, Amber Stockreef, Lucas Evans, Rachel Jones, Alyssa Wilson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although treatment algorithms and parameters for best practice are readily available for all major syndromes of psychiatric impairment, the occurrence of psychiatric syndromes in individuals with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) invokes serious contextual challenges for interpretation of symptoms, diagnosis, and optimization of treatment, both for clinicians and for the service sectors in which care and support of individuals with IDD are delivered. Recognizing that there exist very few definitive resources for best practice under the circumstance of this form of "dual diagnosis," the Missouri Department of Mental Health convened an expert panel to conduct a focused …

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Spread In Oligodendrocytic Cells Is Highly Dependent On Mal Proteolipid., José Antonio López-Guerrero, Carmen De La Nuez, Beatriz Praena, Enrique Sánchez-León, Claude Krummenacher, Raquel Bello-Morales

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Myelin and lymphocyte protein (MAL) is a tetraspan integral membrane protein that resides in detergent-insoluble membrane fractions enriched in condensed membranes. MAL is expressed in oligodendrocytes, in Schwann cells, where it is essential for the stability of myelin, and at the apical membrane of epithelial cells, where it has a critical role in transport. In T lymphocytes, MAL is found at the immunological synapse and plays a crucial role in exosome secretion. However, no involvement of MAL in viral infections has been reported so far. Here, we show that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) virions travel in association with MAL-positive …

Identification Of Functional Regulatory Elements In The Human Genome Using Pooled Crispr Screens., Samantha M. Borys, Scott T. Younger

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Genome-scale pooled CRISPR screens are powerful tools for identifying genetic dependencies across varied cellular processes. The vast majority of CRISPR screens reported to date have focused exclusively on the perturbation of protein-coding gene function. However, protein-coding genes comprise < 2% of the sequence space in the human genome leaving a substantial portion of the genome uninterrogated. Noncoding regions of the genome harbor important regulatory elements (e.g. promoters, enhancers, silencers) that influence cellular processes but high-throughput methods for evaluating their essentiality have yet to be established.

RESULTS: Here, we describe a CRISPR-based screening approach that facilitates the functional profiling of thousands of noncoding regulatory elements in parallel. We selected the tumor suppressor p53 as a model system and designed a pooled CRISPR library targeting thousands of p53 binding sites throughout the genome. Following transduction into dCas9-KRAB-expressing cells we identified several regulatory elements that influence cell proliferation. Moreover, …

The Relationship Between Grit And Selected Personality Measures In Medical Students, Gerald A. Isenberg, Andrew Brown, Jennifer Desantis, Jon Veloski, Mohammadreza Hojat

CRMEHC Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that scores on a Grit scale are positively associated with personality measures that are conducive to relationship building (Empathy, Self-Esteem, Activity, and Sociability), but inversely associated with personality measures that are detrimental to interpersonal relationships (Neuroticism-Anxiety, Aggression-Hostility, Impulsive Sensation Seeking, and Loneliness).

METHODS: Convenient sampling was used that included 241 medical students at Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University who participated in this ex post facto research. Validated instruments were used to measure Grit, Empathy, Self-Esteem, Activity, Sociability, Neuroticism-Anxiety, Aggression-Hostility, Impulsive Sensation Seeking, and Loneliness. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression were used to …

Psychosocial Mediators Of Perceived Stigma And Suicidal Ideation Among Transgender Women, Krishna Kiran Kota, Laura F. Salazar, Rachel E. Culbreth, Richard A. Crosby, Jamal Jones

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Transgender women (TGW) in the U.S. experience high rates of stigma, depression, and elevated rates of suicide. This study examined correlates of suicidal ideation and estimated the conditional indirect effects of perceived stigma and psychosocial mediators on suicidal ideation.

METHODS: Using a cross-sectional study design, TGW (N = 92) were recruited through snowball sampling in Atlanta, Georgia. Structured interviews were conducted. Suicidal ideation was assessed by combining two variables that measured suicidal thoughts. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the potential risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation. We examined hypothesized psychosocial factors, including anxiety, depression, psychosocial impact …

A Multicenter Study Of The Revogene C. Difficile System For Detection Of The Toxin B Gene From Unformed Stool Specimens, Michael J. Mashock, Matthew L. Faron, Karen C. Carroll, Christina Dang, Shawna Lewis, Hossein Salimnia, Paul Lephart, Vivian G. Loo, Bryan H. Schmitt, Stephen Young, Blake W. Buchan, Nathan A. Ledeboer

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of diarrhea in hospitalized U.S. patients and results in over 400,000 cases of C. difficile infection per year. C. difficile infections have mortality rates of 6 to 30% and significantly increase health care costs, because of increased length of stay and increased frequency of readmissions due to recurrences. Efforts to reduce the spread of C. difficile in hospitals have led to the development of rapid sensitive diagnostic methods. A multicenter study was performed to establish the performance characteristics of the Revogene C. difficile test (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati, OH, USA) for use in detection of …

Plasmodium Falciparum Resistance To A Lead Benzoxaborole Due To Blocked Compound Activation And Altered Ubiquitination Or Sumoylation., Kirthana M. V. Sindhe, Wesley Wu, Jenny Legac, Yong-Kang Zhang, Eric E. Easom, Roland A. Cooper, Jacob J. Plattner, Yvonne R. Freund, Joseph L. Derisi, Philip J. Rosenthal

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

New antimalarial drugs are needed. The benzoxaborole AN13762 showed excellent activity against cultured Plasmodium falciparum, against fresh Ugandan P. falciparum isolates, and in murine malaria models. To gain mechanistic insights, we selected in vitro for P. falciparum isolates resistant to AN13762. In all of 11 independent selections with 100 to 200 nM AN13762, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) increased from 18–118 nM to 180–890 nM, and whole-genome sequencing of resistant parasites demonstrated mutations in prodrug activation and resistance esterase (PfPARE). The introduction of PfPARE mutations led to a similar level of resistance, and recombinant PfPARE hydrolyzed AN13762 to the benzoxaborole …

Metabolic Dysregulation In The Atp7b-/- Wilson's Disease Mouse Model, Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Matthew Robertson, Ying Zhou, Bingning Dong, Zhen Sun, Kang Ho Kim, Hailan Liu, Yong Xu, Nagireddy Putluri, Pradip Saha, Cristian Coarfa, David D Moore, Alli M Nuotio-Antar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Inactivating mutations in the copper transporter Atp7b result in Wilson’s disease. The Atp7b−/− mouse develops hallmarks of Wilson’s disease. The activity of several nuclear receptors decreased in Atp7b−/− mice, and nuclear receptors are critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, we anticipated that Atp7b−/− mice would exhibit altered progression of diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. Following 10 wk on a chow or Western-type diet (40% kcal fat), parameters of glucose and lipid homeostasis were measured. Hepatic metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and correlated with transcriptomic data. Atp7b−/− mice fed a chow diet presented …

Proteome Alterations In Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Sheng Pan, Teresa A Brentnall, Ru Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Proteins are the essential functional biomolecules profoundly implicated in all aspects of pancreatic tumorigenesis and its progression. While common genomic factors, such as KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A have been well recognized in association of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), our understanding of functional changes at the proteome level merits further investigation. Malignance associated proteome alterations can be attributed to the convoluted outcomes from genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in initiating and progressing PDAC, and may reflect on changes in protein expressional level, structure, localization, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs) status. The study of localized or systemic proteome alterations in …

The Impact Of Due Process And Disruptions On Emergency Medicine Education In The United States, Al'ai Alvarez, Anne Messman, Melissa Platt, Megan Healy, Elaine B Josephson, Shawn London, Douglas Char

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Academic Emergency Medicine (EM) departments are not immune to natural disasters, economic or political forces that disrupt a training program's operations and educational mission. Due process concerns are closely intertwined with the challenges that program disruption brings. Due process is a protection whereby an individual will not lose rights without access to a fair procedural process. Effects of natural disasters similarly create disruptions in the physical structure of training programs that at times have led to the displacement of faculty and trainees. Variation exists in the implementation of transitions amongst training sites across the country, and its impact on …

The Mitochondrial Hsp90 Paralog Trap1 Forms An Oxphos-Regulated Tetramer And Is Involved In Mitochondrial Metabolic Homeostasis, Abhinav Joshi, Li Dai, Yanxin Liu, Jungsoon Lee, Nastaran Mohammadi Ghahhari, Gregory Segala, Kristin Beebe, Lisa M Jenkins, Gaelyn C Lyons, Lilia Bernasconi, Francis T F Tsai, David A Agard, Len Neckers, Didier Picard

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The molecular chaperone TRAP1, the mitochondrial isoform of cytosolic HSP90, remains poorly understood with respect to its pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Most studies have found it to be an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and an inducer of the Warburg phenotype of cancer cells. However, others have reported the opposite, and there is no consensus on the relevant TRAP1 interactors. This calls for a more comprehensive analysis of the TRAP1 interactome and of how TRAP1 and mitochondrial metabolism mutually affect each other.

RESULTS: We show that the disruption of the gene for TRAP1 in …

Infection-Induced Signals Generated At The Plasma Membrane Epigenetically Regulate Wnt Signaling In Vitro And In Vivo, Ishfaq Ahmed, Badal Chandra Roy, Laxmi Uma Maheswar Rao Jakkula, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Prasad Dandawate, Shrikant Anant, Venkatesh Sampath, Shahid Umar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Wnt signaling regulates immunomodulatory functions during infection and inflammation. Employing NCCIT and HCT116 cells, having high endogenous Wnt signaling, we observed elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) and Frizzled class receptor 10 (FZD10) and increases in β-catenin, doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), CD44 molecule (CD44), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1). siRNA-induced knockdown of these receptors antagonized TOPflash reporter activity and spheroid growth in vitro and elevated Wnt-inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) activity. Elevated mRNA and protein levels of LRP5/6 and FZD10 paralleled expression of WNT2b and WNT4 in colonic crypts at days 6 and 12 post-infection …

Elagolix For Heavy Menstrual Bleeding In Women With Uterine Fibroids., William D. Schlaff, Ronald T. Ackerman, Ayman Al-Hendy, David F. Archer, Kurt T. Barnhart, Linda D. Bradley, Bruce R. Carr, Eve C. Feinberg, Sandra M. Hurtado, Jinhee Kim, Ran Liu, R. Garn Mabey, Charlotte D. Owens, Alfred Poindexter, Elizabeth E. Puscheck, Henry Rodriguez-Ginorio, James A. Simon, Ahmed M. Soliman, Elizabeth A. Stewart, Nelson B. Watts, Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Uterine fibroids are hormone-responsive neoplasms that are associated with heavy menstrual bleeding. Elagolix, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist resulting in rapid, reversible suppression of ovarian sex hormones, may reduce fibroid-associated bleeding.

METHODS: We conducted two identical, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month phase 3 trials (Elaris Uterine Fibroids 1 and 2 [UF-1 and UF-2]) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of elagolix at a dose of 300 mg twice daily with hormonal "add-back" therapy (to replace reduced levels of endogenous hormones; in this case, estradiol, 1 mg, and norethindrone acetate, 0.5 mg, once daily) in women with fibroid-associated bleeding. An elagolix-alone …

Deficient Histone H3 Propionylation By Brpf1-Kat6 Complexes In Neurodevelopmental Disorders And Cancer., Kezhi Yan, Justine Rousseau, Keren Machol, Laura A. Cross, Katherine E. Agre, Cynthia Forster Gibson, Anne Goverde, Kendra Engleman, Hannah Verdin, Elfride De Baere, Lorraine Potocki, Dihong Zhou, Maxime Cadieux-Dion, Gary A. Bellus, Monisa D. Wagner, Rebecca J. Hale, Natacha Esber, Alan F. Riley, Benjamin D. Solomon, Megan T. Cho, Kirsty Mcwalter, Roy Eyal, Meagan K. Hainlen, Bryce A. Mendelsohn, Hillary M. Porter, Brendan C. Lanpher, Andrea M. Lewis, Juliann Savatt, Isabelle Thiffault, Bert Callewaert, Philippe M. Campeau, Xiang-Jiao Yang

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) and its paralog KAT6B form stoichiometric complexes with bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23 (H3K23). We report that these complexes also catalyze H3K23 propionylation in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence microscopy and ATAC-See revealed the association of this modification with active chromatin. Brpf1 deletion obliterates the acylation in mouse embryos and fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify BRPF1 variants in 12 previously unidentified cases of syndromic intellectual disability and demonstrate that these cases and known BRPF1 variants impair H3K23 propionylation. Cardiac anomalies are present in a subset of the …

Review Of Alterations In Perlecan-Associated Vascular Risk Factors In Dementia, Amanda L. Trout, Ibolya Rutkai, Ifechukwude J. Biose, Gregory J. Bix

Neurology Faculty Publications

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan protein in the extracellular matrix that structurally and biochemically supports the cerebrovasculature by dynamically responding to changes in cerebral blood flow. These changes in perlecan expression seem to be contradictory, ranging from neuroprotective and angiogenic to thrombotic and linked to lipid retention. This review investigates perlecan's influence on risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and amyloid that effect Vascular contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). VCID, a comorbidity with diverse etiology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), is thought to be a major factor that drives the overall clinical burden of dementia. Accordingly, changes …

Rhoa-Rock Signaling As A Therapeutic Target In Traumatic Brain Injury, Shalaka Mulherkar, Kimberley F Tolias

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBIs, which range in severity from mild to severe, occur when a traumatic event, such as a fall, a traffic accident, or a blow, causes the brain to move rapidly within the skull, resulting in damage. Long-term consequences of TBI can include motor and cognitive deficits and emotional disturbances that result in a reduced quality of life and work productivity. Recovery from TBI can be challenging due to a lack of effective treatment options for repairing TBI-induced neural damage and alleviating functional impairments. Central nervous system (CNS) …

Evidence For The Misfolding Of The A1 Domain Within Multimeric Von Willebrand Factor In Type 2 Von Willebrand Disease, Alexander Tischer, Maria A Brehm, Venkata R Machha, Laurie Moon-Tasson, Linda M Benson, Katelynn J Nelton, Rachel R Leger, Tobias Obser, Marina Martinez-Vargas, Steven T Whitten, Dong Chen, Rajiv K Pruthi, H Robert Bergen, Miguel A Cruz, Reinhard Schneppenheim, Matthew Auton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Von Willebrand factor (VWF), an exceptionally large multimeric plasma glycoprotein, functions to initiate coagulation by agglutinating platelets in the blood stream to sites of vascular injury. This primary hemostatic function is perturbed in type 2 dysfunctional subtypes of von Willebrand disease (VWD) by mutations that alter the structure and function of the platelet GPIbα adhesive VWF A1 domains. The resulting amino acid substitutions cause local disorder and misfold the native structure of the isolated platelet GPIbα-adhesive A1 domain of VWF in both gain-of-function (type 2B) and loss-of-function (type 2M) phenotypes. These structural effects have not been explicitly observed in A1 …

A Randomized Trial Of Erythropoietin For Neuroprotection In Preterm Infants, Sandra E Juul, Bryan A Comstock, Rajan Wadhawan, Dennis E Mayock, Sherry E Courtney, Tonya Robinson, Kaashif A Ahmad, Ellen Bendel-Stenzel, Mariana Baserga, Edmund F Lagamma, L Corbin Downey, Raghavendra Rao, Nancy Fahim, Andrea Lampland, Ivan D Frantz Iii, Janine Y Khan, Michael Weiss, Maureen M Gilmore, Robin K Ohls, Nishant Srinivasan, Jorge E Perez, Victor Mckay, Phuong T Vu, Jean Lowe, Karl Kuban, T Michael O'Shea, Adam L Hartman, Patrick J Heagerty, Penut Trial Consortium

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: High-dose erythropoietin has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in preclinical models of neonatal brain injury, and phase 2 trials have suggested possible efficacy; however, the benefits and safety of this therapy in extremely preterm infants have not been established.

METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of high-dose erythropoietin, we assigned 941 infants who were born at 24 weeks 0 days to 27 weeks 6 days of gestation to receive erythropoietin or placebo within 24 hours after birth. Erythropoietin was administered intravenously at a dose of 1000 U per kilogram of body weight every 48 hours for …

Development And Characterization Of A Wee1 Kinase Degrader, Zhengnian Li, Benika J Pinch, Calla M Olson, Katherine A Donovan, Radosław P Nowak, Caitlin E Mills, David A Scott, Zainab M Doctor, Nicholas A Eleuteri, Mirra Chung, Peter K Sorger, Eric S Fischer, Nathanael S Gray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The G1/S cell cycle checkpoint is frequently dysregulated in cancer, leaving cancer cells reliant on a functional G2/M checkpoint to prevent excessive DNA damage. Wee1 regulates the G2/M checkpoint by phosphorylating CDK1 at Tyr15 to prevent mitotic entry. Previous drug development efforts targeting Wee1 resulted in the clinical-grade inhibitor, AZD1775. However, AZD1775 is burdened by dose-limiting adverse events, and has off-target PLK1 activity. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, we developed Wee1 degraders by conjugating AZD1775 to the cereblon (CRBN)-binding ligand, pomalidomide. The resulting lead compound, ZNL-02-096, degrades Wee1 while sparing PLK1, induces G2/M accumulation at 10-fold lower doses …

Social, Economic, And Political Events Affect Gender Equity In China, Nepal, And Nicaragua: A Matched, Interrupted Time-Series Study, Tuan T. Nguyen, Ashley Darnell, Amy Weissman, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Roger Mathisen, Karin Lapping, Timothy D. Mastro, Mellissa Withers

Faculty Publications

: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels.: This study's objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in gender equity in three countries: China, Nepal, and Nicaragua.: To assess gender equity trends, we used the Gender Gap Index (GGI) from the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report (2006-2017). The GGI incorporated data on economic participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment for almost 150 countries. We selected China, Nepal, and Nicaragua because of their major changes in GGI and diversity in …

Outcomes In Pediatric Studies Of Medium-Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase (Mcad) Deficiency And Phenylketonuria (Pku): A Review., Michael Pugliese, Kylie Tingley, Andrea Chow, Nicole Pallone, Maureen Smith, Alvi Rahman, Pranesh Chakraborty, Michael T Geraghty, Julie Irwin, Laure Tessier, Stuart G Nicholls, Martin Offringa, Nancy J Butcher, Ryan Iverson, Tammy J Clifford, Sylvia Stockler, Brian Hutton, Karen Paik, Jessica Tao, Becky Skidmore, Doug Coyle, Kathleen Duddy, Sarah Dyack, Cheryl R Greenberg, Shailly Jain Ghai, Natalya Karp, Lawrence Korngut, Jonathan Kronick, Alex Mackenzie, Jennifer Mackenzie, Bruno Maranda, John J Mitchell, Murray Potter, Chitra Prasad, Andreas Schulze, Rebecca Sparkes, Monica Taljaard, Yannis Trakadis, Jagdeep Walia, Beth K Potter

Paediatrics Publications

BACKGROUND: Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) are a group of individually rare single-gene diseases. For many IMDs, there is a paucity of high-quality evidence that evaluates the effectiveness of clinical interventions. Clinical effectiveness trials of IMD interventions could be supported through the development of core outcome sets (COSs), a recommended minimum set of standardized, high-quality outcomes and associated outcome measurement instruments to be incorporated by all trials in an area of study. We began the process of establishing pediatric COSs for two IMDs, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency and phenylketonuria (PKU), by reviewing published literature to describe outcomes reported by authors, …

Nutrition Intervention Using Behavioral Change Communication Without Additional Material Inputs Increased Expenditures On Key Food Groups In Bangladesh, Andrea M. Warren, Edward A. Frongillo, Phuong H. Nguyen, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Background

Behavioral change communication (BCC) promotes skills and knowledge to improve infant and young child feeding, but without additional material inputs, recipients must develop strategies to translate knowledge into action. Using data from the Alive & Thrive initiative in Bangladesh (2010–2014), we aimed to test whether households receiving the intensive intervention (opposed to the nonintensive intervention) increased expenditures on key foods for mothers and children (e.g., foods that were promoted by the intervention and also changed in maternal and child diets).

Methods

The intensive intervention provided interpersonal counseling, community mobilization, and mass media campaigns to promote breastfeeding and complementary feeding. …

Clinical Diagnostics And Treatment Strategies For Philadelphia Chromosome-Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Richard C. Harvey, Sarah K. Tasian

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Philadelphia chromosome-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) accounts for 15% to 30% of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older children, adolescents, and adults and is associated with high rates of conventional treatment failure and relapse. Current clinical trials are assessing the efficacy of the addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to chemotherapy for children and adults with Ph-like ALL harboring ABL class translocations or CRLF2 rearrangements and other JAK pathway alterations. However, real-time diagnosis of patients can be quite challenging given the genetic heterogeneity of this disease and the often cytogenetically cryptic nature of Ph-like ALL-associated alterations. In this …

Assessment Of Outcomes And Novel Immune Biomarkers In Metaplastic Breast Cancer: A Single Institution Retrospective Study., Evan Morgan, Anupama Suresh, Akaansha Ganju, Daniel G Stover, Robert Wesolowski, Sagar Sardesai, Anne Noonan, Raquel Reinbolt, Jeffrey Vandeusen, Nicole Williams, Mathew A Cherian, Zaibo Li, Gregory Young, Marilly Palettas, Julie Stephens, Joseph Liu, Amanda Luff, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy, Maryam Lustberg

Women’s Health Articles

BACKGROUND: Metaplastic breast cancer remains poorly characterized given its rarity and heterogeneity. The majority of metaplastic breast cancers demonstrate a phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer; however, differences in clinical outcomes between metaplastic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer in the era of third-generation chemotherapy remain unclear.

METHODS: We compared the clinical outcomes between women with metaplastic breast cancer and women with triple-negative breast cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 2014. Metaplastic breast cancer patients were matched 1:3 to triple-negative breast cancer patients by stage and age at diagnosis. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier …

Increased Episodes Of Aspiration On Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study In Children With Nasogastric Tube Placement., Sarah T. Edwards, Linda Ernst, Ashley K. Sherman, Ann M. Davis

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Given the limited evidence available, the impact of nasogastric (NG) tube placement on swallowing in children is not well understood. When a child needs to be fed enterally, the current standard is to initially place an NG tube and leave it in place for the first few months of supplemental or total enteral nutrition. It is important to understand if placement of NG tubes has a negative effect on a patient's swallow.

METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of those children who had videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) to identify all children who had an NG tube in place at …