Digital Commons Network^™

Medical Cannabis And Recreational Marijuana: Patient Perceptions, Stigma, And Gender During A Time Of Emerging Legalization, Matt Reid

Dissertations

Marijuana’s status as an illegal drug has been redefined over the previous three decades. Despite Michigan and 32 other states having comprehensive medical cannabis programs, both academics and laypeople commonly present the medicalization of marijuana as an intermediary phase or proxy for fully legalized recreational use. While some evidence exists to support this position, this framework marginalizes the struggles and experiences of patients who have found relief through their therapeutic use of cannabis. As such, the goal of this study is to re-center the voices of cannabis patients in academic conversations of cannabis as medicine.

My study is unique in …

College Choice, Consumer Behavior, And Gender Enrollment Patterns: A Mixed Methods Case Study Of Marathon University, Jessica I. Prach

Theses and Dissertations

Gender and enrollment patterns in higher education have changed over the past 40 years, where women are now the majority of students enrolling in colleges and universities nationally each year compared to men (U.S. Department of Education, 2018b). Despite enrollment trends indicating a dramatic increase of female students at colleges and universities, Marathon University has experienced the opposite. The purpose of this concurrent, mixed methods case studies was to identify why female students are choosing not to enroll at Marathon University, despite relatively even rates of application and admission compared to male students. The intent of this study was to …

Perceptions Of Identity Transitions: Race And Gender Not Equally Alterable, Maria Sanchez-Rodriguez

Student Scholars Day Posters

Growing acceptance of transgender identities in the absence of parallel shifts regarding race can be perceived as somewhat paradoxical, especially in light of how differently each construct is imagined to be rooted in biology. Perceptions of race and gender as alterable aspects of identity were explored using four identity transition scenarios. Participants’ beliefs about identity transitions were dependent upon both the type of transition and political ideology. Results indicate that identity transitions involving gender (both male to female and female to male) and one race transition (white to black) were perceived similarly whereas the black to white transition was perceived …

Created By God And Wired To Porn: Redemptive Masculinity And Gender Beliefs In Narratives Of Religious Men’S Pornography Addiction Recovery, Kelsy Burke, Trenton M. Haltom

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The literature on hybrid masculinity suggests that some men manage subordinate or contradictory forms of masculinity while still maintaining and benefiting from gender inequality. Drawing from 35 in-depth qualitative interviews with religious participants in pornography addiction recovery programs, we expand this literature by illustrating how hybrid masculinity operates through shared cultural knowledge about sex, gender, and sexuality. We find that participants use distinct cultural schemas related to religion and science to explain how men are created by God to be biologically “hard-wired” for pornography addiction. We use the phrase redemptive masculinity to describe a type of hybrid masculinity that upholds …

Movement In High School: Proportion Of Chinese Adolescents Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, Li Ying, Xihe Zhu, Justin A. Haegele, Yang Wen

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The purposes of this study were (a) to examine the proportions of adolescents in China who partially or fully meet three 24-h movement guidelines on physical activity, screen-time, and sleep duration and (b) to examine whether there were gender differences in the proportion of boys and girls meeting these guidelines. The sample was made up of high school adolescents from an eastern province of China (N = 1338). The participants completed a self-reported survey on demographic variables and weekly health behaviors including physical activity, screen-time, and sleep duration. A frequency analysis was conducted to summarize the number of 24-h …

Investigating The Manifestations Of Bias In Professional Noticing Of Mathematical Thinking Among Preservice Teachers, Jonathan Thomas, Taylor Marzilli, Brittney Sawyer, Cindy Jong, Edna O. Schack, Molly H. Fisher

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education Faculty Publications

This study examines potential bias with respect to perceived gender and ethnicity in preservice teachers’ professional noticing of children’s mathematical thinking. The goal of the study was to explore how, and to what extent bias emerges within pre-service teachers’ professional noticing of children of differing perceived races and genders. Our findings suggest that bias tends to emerge in the interpreting phase of professional noticing; however, such emergence did not appear to vary in conjunction with the perceived ethnicity and gender of the student. Further, our findings suggest that the inclusion of visual imagery (i.e. photos) influence the manifestation of bias …

Manly Mud: Portrayal Of Masculinity In Infantry Units In World War Two As Seen In The Comics Of Bill Mauldin, Aren G. Heitmann

Student Publications

This essay will explore the comics of Bill Mauldin published during World War Two and how masculinity in the infantry was portrayed. Current studies on masculinity in World War Two have focused on soldier’s accounts of the war as well as depictions of soldiers in propaganda. Some work on the effects of comics during the war has also been done but nothing as of yet has combined the two. This paper aims to look at how the comics of Bill Mauldin supported or rejected the model masculine archetype that was developed through propaganda and became a privileged figure in conceptualization …

Boarding School Syndrome: A Phenomenological Study Giving Single-Gender Military Boarding School Alumni A Voice To Tell Their Stories Of Life After Graduation, Bruce Alan Patterson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand boarding school syndrome for single-gender boarding school alumni. The theory guiding this study was Erikson’s (1968) socioemotional development theory as it describes human development. Development during Erikson’s adolescent period is fragile. This fragile adolescent period is interrupted when students are separated from their families and placed in the boarding school environment under the care of strangers. Research indicates boarding school syndrome correlates with relationship difficulties, college struggles and employment problems of military boarding school graduates (Marsh, 2011; Schaverien, 2011). Schaverien (2011) created the term boarding school syndrome after treating a significant …

The Influence Of School Fees, Age, Gender On Children’S Education Level In Indonesia, Dian Isnawati, Maimun Sholeh

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims to determine the effect of school fees, age and gender on children’s education level in Indonesia. Variables in school fees are school fees, equipment and transportation. The age variable is the sample that is aged 15 to 25 years. Gender variables consist of male and female. This study uses secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5). The sample in this study were 2,601 respondents. It employs regression analysis and quantitative approach. It proves that there is a significant effect between school fees, age and gender on children's education levels.

The Relationship Between Child’S Toy Selection And Anger: Then And Now, Rebecca Groeneveld, Julia Gottenberg, Taylor Logue, Kaylee Finlay

Georgia College Student Research Events

The Relationship Between Child’s Toy Selection and Anger: Then and Now

Female expression of anger has long been stigmatized due to historically, and still presently, strict gender roles. Anger is considered a “masculine” emotion, and women have often been discouraged from crossing that gender line. In a study done by Salerno et al. (2018), undergraduate students rated the effectiveness of both male and female attorneys who presented identical closing arguments. When the closing argument was spoken in an angry tone, the male attorneys were seen as significantly more effective than the women attorneys. When the students described the attorneys after …

Race, Gender And Power: Afro-Peruvian Women’S Experiences As Congress Representatives, Sharun Gonzales Matute

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Previous accounts about the presence of women of African descent on Latin American legislatures outline Peru as an exceptional case. In 2013, Peru had three Afro-Peruvian women in its national congress, all of them former volleyball players. Compared to other countries where Black women were almost inexistent in legislatures, Peru was in a better position. Simultaneously, Afro-Peruvian women’s organizations and leaders denounce their marginalization from political spaces. This work seeks to explore the experiences of Afro-Peruvian congresswomen elected between the years 2000 and 2016 and their relation to political power. Intersectionality serves as a theoretical framework for this research because …

Against The Wind: A Study On Aviation As A Female Career Choice, Bonnie Gagliardo

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study is to identify and describe the educational and social experiences that sparked the interest of female pilots as young women to pursue a career in aviation.

Methodology: This qualitative phenomenological study utilized semi- structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of female pilots, to understand if there were common social and educational factors which influenced them to become interested in aviation. Using convenience sampling, eleven pilots who hold a Federal Aviation Administration Commercial or Airline Transport Pilot’s License were selected to participate in this study.

Findings: The findings from this …

The Playing Experiences Of Esport Participants: An Analysis Of Treatment Discrimination And Hostility In Esport Environments, Lindsey Darvin, Ryan Vooris, Tara Mahoney

Journal of Athlete Development and Experience

The eSport industry has seen rapid growth over the previous decade with additional opportunities for participants to compete in competitive and casual environments. As such, the sport industry has taken notice of this increase in popularity and exposure for eSport. A recent call to arms by sport management scholars suggests that the field of sport management needs to broaden research endeavors to include analyses of eSport and eSport spaces. To that end, this investigation serves as one of the first that investigates the playing experiences of eSport participants with a particular focus on the presence of discrimination and hostility in …

Gender Differences In The Knowledge-Base Of Autism Spectrum Disorders, Kayla Williams

Student Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests that the earlier a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed, the better their chances for improved functioning. Previous studies have shown the importance of early intervention and parents’ roles in recognizing ASD in their children. Prior studies have not, however, examined which parent recognized the early warning signs. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to discover which gender had a better understanding of the early indicators of ASD. The primary investigator administered an online true/false and multiple-choice questionnaire regarding the developmental milestones associated with ASD to 110 students at Arkansas State University. The female …

The Odd Demography Of Loving Pets: Sex, Money, And Race, Harold Herzog

Herzog - Companion Animal Issues

The biennial General Social Survey of 2018 asked a question on pet ownership that allowed a detailed examination of pet ownership according to different demographic characteristics. For example, households with children have higher pet ownership rates than single households. Pet ownership is highest in white households and lowest in African-American households.

Gendered Conflict Resolution: The Role Of Women In Amani Mashinani’S Peacebuiding Processes In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, Susan Kilonzo, Kennedy Onkware

The Journal of Social Encounters

The role of women in peacebuilding is acknowledged by many stakeholders central in peace work. While this is so, there are still concerns about what we know about women’s involvement in peacebuilding structures established by non-state actors. Drawing from Amani Mashinani (Peace at Grassroots) peacebuilding model initiated by the Catholic Church in Kenya’s North Rift region, we examine the role of women in processes of conflict resolution in Uasin Gishu County. Suggestions to support women’s participation will be discussed.

Gender Diversity In The Aviation Workplace, Lindsay Stevenson, Haydee Cuevas, Katie Kirkpatrick, Katya K. Rivera, Marisa Aguiar

Student Works

In the past 90 years, the workforce has been diversified in many fields yet gender diversity for occupations in the aviation domain (e.g., pilots, air traffic controllers, aircraft maintenance technicians) has grown slowly. To explore this issue, the objective of this archival study was to examine the increase in the number of females and males from 2005 to 2018 for six aviation occupations in the private sector (civilian) in the United States: aircraft pilot and flight engineer; air traffic controller and airfield operations specialist; aerospace engineer; avionics technician; aircraft mechanic and service technician; and aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems …

Linking Gender, Language, And Partisanship: Developing A Database Of Masculine And Feminine Words, Damon C. Roberts, Stephen M. Utych

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Seemingly, gender, language, and partisanship are intertwined concepts. We believe that the use of gendered language in political settings may be used strategically by political elites. The purpose of this paper is to craft a tool for scholars to test the interconnection between politics, gender, and language—what we refer to as being the gendered language and partisanship nexus. We test our prediction using original word rating data. From our test, we find significant variation across seven hundred words in ratings as masculine and feminine and discover that words rated as masculine are more likely to be rated as dominant and …

The Liberty Impact Of Gender, Kingsly Alec Mcconnell

Washington Law Review

Can the federal government unilaterally change your gender? In October of 2018, the New York Times revealed that the Trump Administration’s Department of Health and Human Services was considering a new federal definition of “gender.” The policy would redefine gender as a “biological, immutable condition determined by genitalia at birth.” This policy places transsex people at a substantial risk of deprivation of property and speech rights, as gender implicates both property and expression. It also impedes the exercise of substantive due process rights and privileges and immunities. For example, inaccurate gender designations can hinder a transsex parent’s ability to raise …

Naturalization Of Masculinism: How Female Journalist Leaders In Local Media Resist It, Sunarto Sunarto

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

The number of male journalists still dominates the media industries, either print or electronic. This phenomenon also happens in local print media. This condition does not give positive opportunities to female journalists to improve their career to a top position in editorial management. This research focuses on female journalists’ experiences as an editorial management staff of a local print media in Semarang. This research has a main objective to describe significances of the female journalists’ experiences. This qualitative descriptive research used a critical constructionism paradigm as a general guidance to the whole research processes with a critical phenomenology research design. …

The Problem With Predators, June Carbone, William K. Black

Seattle University Law Review

Both corporate theory and sex discrimination law start with presumptions that CEOs seek to advance legitimate ends and design the internal organization of business enterprises to achieve such ends. Yet, a growing literature questions why CEOs and boards of directors nonetheless select for Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and toxic masculinity, despite the downsides associated with these traits. Three scholarly literatures—economics, criminology, and gender theory—draw on advances in psychology to shed new light on the construction of seemingly dysfunctional corporate cultures. They start by questioning the assumption that CEOs—even CEOs of seemingly mainstream businesses—necessarily seek to advance “legitimate” ends. Instead, they suggest …

Safe Zone Allies Workbook, Multicultural & Diversity Education

Safe Zone Allies

This workbook is used for Safe Zone Allies training.

A Narrative Inquiry To Explore The Connection Between Gender And Discipline In Grades Pre-K–8, Nicole Salazar

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Because behavioral discipline can impact children’s development, it is important to ensure that educators work in fair and unbiased ways with all children, across gender, race, and other groups. Biased disciplining of children’s behavior in classrooms can occur as micro-aggressions (McCabe, 2009), sometimes counter to what educators may believe about their own behavior. As a means of raising awareness of gender-biased treatment in classrooms, this thesis involved narrating – a dynamic activity that elicits accounts of events – and thus as a means of reflecting on behavior in everyday practices. Educators anonymously completed a questionnaire requesting narratives of various disciplinary …

Resistant Female Cyborgs In Brazil, M. Elizabeth Ginway

Alambique. Revista académica de ciencia ficción y fantasía / Jornal acadêmico de ficção científica e fantasía

In her oft-cited “A Cyborg Manifesto,” Donna Haraway conceptualizes the cyborg as a feminist possibility, emphasizing the need for a self-created, self-engendered female (150). In How We Became Posthuman (1999), N. Katherine Hayles examines the development of cybernetic theory from the 1940s to the present, linking its history to portrayals of cyborgs and artificial intelligence in science fiction. I argue that the combination of change and tradition embodied by Brazilian cyborgs must be understood within the history and paradigms of Latin American culture and its ambivalent attitudes towards modernity. To understand Brazil’s female cyborgs, I apply Bolívar Echeverría’s concept of …

The Role Of Gender In Ophthalmology Resident Evaluations, Faith A. Birnbaum, Shivram Chandramouli, Mridul K. Thomas, Jullia A. Rosdahl

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Abstract

Background Gender affects various aspects of medical training. Prior research in surgical specialties has shown that female residents are given less positive feedback, granted less autonomy in the operating room, perform fewer procedures, and achieve competency milestones at a slower rate as compared with their male counterparts.

Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether gender affects ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single institution.

Methods Ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single residency program from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed. Data were collected on faculty gender, resident gender, and year of resident training. A linear mixed-effects model was …

Bias And The Subsequent Implications On Adhd Diagnosis In School Aged Children, Ruth L. Hein

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often goes undiagnosed in girls and women. This phenomenon is due most prominently to the finding that girls and women tend to present primarily internalized symptoms of ADHD. Greater awareness of the internalized symptoms of ADHD in the public eye, and especially in teacher training and certification programs is necessary. Under-diagnosis affects several areas of daily life and healthy development, setting the scene for an adult life dealing with anxiety, depression, maladjustment, and a negative self-perception. Further research into diagnosis, specific subsets of symptoms such as Executive Function deficits and Social-Emotional growth and development will …

Analyzing Teachers’ Perceptions On Principal Effectiveness Through Leadership Style, Gender, And Educational Level Of A School Building, Marie Antonette Netto

Theses and Dissertations

Since a building principal is the most important employee in a school building with regards to setting educational standards and creating culture, it is important for this leader to consider leadership style and to recognize the importance of teachers’ perceptions on effectiveness. The purpose of this ex post facto study was to explore the relationship between the leadership style of building principals and perceived effectiveness of those leaders. Subtopics of this study considered the relationship that gender, leadership style, and educational level of the school building (elementary vs. secondary) have on perceived effectiveness of leaders. Data were collected via Bass …

A Posthumanist Pragmatism: Rereading Tomboys, Aaron Martin, Spurthi Gubbala, Marissa J. Huth, Sarah M. Johnson, Amanda Romaya

Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions

Gender has often dictated the roles and responsibilities that individuals are expected to fulfill. Societies in general still adhere to a strict gender binary system, and have largely been either intolerant of or, at minimum, uncomfortable with those who break from such a system. The tomboy figure has been the recipient of societal judgement for what has been interpreted to be a subversion of and deviance from traditional gender norms, and this has played out in a variety of ways. For instance, literary depictions of the tomboy—as the manifestations of the dominant cultural attitude—have captured both the aversion to as …

Effect Of Sleep Deprivation And Sleep Recovery On Heart Rate And Heart Rate Variability In Males Versus Females, Abrianna Lochner Spt, Elena Crooks Pt, Dpt, Phd, Myles Gordon Finlay Ba, Julie A. Erwin Ms, Kimberly Honn Phd

2020 Symposium Posters

Introduction

Elevated heart rate (HR) and low HR variability (HRV) are indicators of increased sympathetic tone and cardiovascular risk. Here, we assess the effect of one night of sleep deprivation and a subsequent night of recovery sleep on HR and HRV in healthy males versus females.

Methods

Fifty-nine subjects (29.5±8.5y, n=35 female) completed a 4-day/3-night laboratory study. Subjects had a baseline sleep opportunity (22:00–08:00), followed by 38h of sleep deprivation, and a recovery sleep opportunity (22:00–08:00). EKG was monitored via Holter monitors to measure HR and the pNN50 and rMMSD variables of HRV. Time points used for analyses included 09:00–09:20 …

Gender Differences In Confidence In Jury Decision Making, Rachel Silverthorn

2020 Symposium Posters

Men tend to be more overconfident than women in settings typically perceived as masculine (Lichtenstein et al, 1982; as cited in Baldiga, 2014). Women are also more likely to defer to men in mixed-sex group situations than men are to women (Hopcroft, 2009) Deference is correlated with women having lower self-esteem and lower confidence than men, both beginning to show around puberty. In same sex situations, deference is related to social ranking and physical features, but in mixed-sex situations it tends to be sex-based. Propp (1995) found that in mixed-sex groups men tend to verbally contribute more than women, whereas …