Digital Commons Network^™

Predictive Value Of Alpha-Fetoprotein In The Long-Term Risk Of Developing Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Infection--Results From A Clinic-Based Longitudinal Cohort., Hie-Won Hann, Xiaoying Fu, Ronald E. Myers, Richard Hann, Shaogui Wan, Su Hee Kim, Natalie Au, Jinliang Xing, Hushan Yang

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Although serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been used to complement imaging tests in the screening and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whether it can be used as a predictive marker of long-term risk for developing HCC in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been extensively evaluated and thus remains controversial.

METHODS: We retrospectively conducted a clinic-based longitudinal cohort study including 617 Korean American patients with HBV who had been followed for up to 22 years (median follow-up time, 6.2 years) to evaluate the association between baseline serum AFP level and the long-term risk of HCC. …

Low Rate Of Infection Control In Enterococcal Periprosthetic Joint Infections., Mohammad R Rasouli, Mohan S Tripathi, Robert Kenyon, Nathan Wetters, Craig J Della Valle, Javad Parvizi

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Enterococcal periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are rare after joint arthroplasty. These cases are usually reported in series of PJIs caused by other pathogens. Because few studies have focused only on enterococcal PJIs, management and control of infection of these cases have not yet been well defined.

QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked (1) what is the proportion of enterococcal PJI in our institutes; and (2) what is the rate of infection control in these cases?

METHODS: We respectively identified 22 and 14 joints with monomicrobial and polymicrobial PJI, respectively, caused by enterococcus. The diagnosis of PJI was made based on the presence …

Determining The Absolute Requirement Of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 For Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy: Short Communication., Jessica I Gold, Erhe Gao, Xiying Shang, Richard T Premont, Walter J Koch

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

RATIONALE: Heart failure (HF) is often the end phase of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy. A contributing factor is activation of a hypertrophic gene expression program controlled by decreased class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) transcriptional repression via HDAC phosphorylation. Cardiac-specific overexpression of G proteinen-coupled receptor kinase-5 (GRK5) has previously been shown to possess nuclear activity as a HDAC5 kinase, promoting an intolerance to in vivo ventricular pressure overload; however, its endogenous requirement in adaptive and maladaptive hypertrophy remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE: We used mouse models with global or cardiomyocyte-specific GRK5 gene deletion to determine the absolute requirement of endogenous GRK5 for cardiac hypertrophy …

Latexin Is Down-Regulated In Hematopoietic Malignancies And Restoration Of Expression Inhibits Lymphoma Growth, Yi Liu, Dianna Howard, Kyle Rector, Carol Swiderski, Jason Brandon, Lawrence Schook, Jayesh Mehta, J. Scott Bryson, Subbarao Bondada, Ying Liang

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Latexin is a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell number in mice. Its dysregulated expression in other tumors led us to hypothesize that latexin may have tumor suppressor properties in hematological malignancies. We found that latexin was down-regulated in a variety of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines as well as in CD34+ cells from the blood and marrow of patients with these malignancies. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytodine treatment and bisulfite sequencing revealed hypermethylation of latexin promoter in tumor cells. Retrovirus-mediated latexin overexpression in A20 mouse lymphoma cells inhibited their in vitro growth by 16 fold and in vivo tumor volume by 2 fold. …

Quantifying The Clinical Significance Of Cannabis Withdrawal, David J. Allsop, Jan Copeland, Melissa M. Norberg, Shanlin Fu, Anna Molnar, John Lewis, Alan J. Budney

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background and Aims:

Questions over the clinical significance of cannabis withdrawal have hindered its inclusion as a discrete cannabis induced psychiatric condition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV). This study aims to quantify functional impairment to normal daily activities from cannabis withdrawal, and looks at the factors predicting functional impairment. In addition the study tests the influence of functional impairment from cannabis withdrawal on cannabis use during and after an abstinence attempt.

Methods and Results:

A volunteer sample of 49 non-treatment seeking cannabis users who met DSM-IV criteria for dependence provided daily withdrawal-related functional impairment …

The Effect Of Iliac Crest Autograft On The Outcome Of Fusion In The Setting Of Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Subgroup Analysis Of The Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (Sport)., Kristen Radcliff, Raymond Hwang, Alan Hilibrand, Harvey E Smith, Jordan Gruskay, Jon D Lurie, Wenyan Zhao, Todd Albert, James Weinstein

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: There is considerable controversy about the long-term morbidity associated with the use of posterior autologous iliac crest bone graft for lumbar spine fusion procedures compared with the use of bone-graft substitutes. The hypothesis of this study was that there is no long-term difference in outcome for patients who had posterior lumbar fusion with or without iliac crest autograft.

METHODS: The study population includes patients enrolled in the degenerative spondylolisthesis cohort of the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial who underwent lumbar spinal fusion. Patients were divided according to whether they had or had not received posterior autologous iliac crest bone …

The Differential Effects Of Maternal Age, Race/Ethnicity And Insurance On Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Rates., Beatriz E De Jongh, Robert Locke, David A Paul, Matthew Hoffman

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Maternal race/ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) are important factors determining birth outcome. Previous studies have demonstrated that, teenagers, and mothers with advanced maternal age (AMA), and Black/Non-Hispanic race/ethnicity can independently increase the risk for a poor pregnancy outcome. Similarly, public insurance has been associated with suboptimal health outcomes. The interaction and impact on the risk of a pregnancy resulting in a NICU admission has not been studied. Our aim was, to analyze the simultaneous interactions of teen/advanced maternal age (AMA), race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on the odds of NICU admission.

METHODS: The Consortium of Safe Labor Database (subset …

Gone In 0.6 Seconds: The Encoding Of Motor Memories Depends On Recent Sensorimotor States., Ian S. Howard, James N. Ingram, David W. Franklin, Daniel M. Wolpert

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Real-world tasks often require movements that depend on a previous action or on changes in the state of the world. Here we investigate whether motor memories encode the current action in a manner that depends on previous sensorimotor states. Human subjects performed trials in which they made movements in a randomly selected clockwise or counterclockwise velocity-dependent curl force field. Movements during this adaptation phase were preceded by a contextual phase that determined which of the two fields would be experienced on any given trial. As expected from previous research, when static visual cues were presented in the contextual phase, strong …

Health Disparities Experienced By People With Disabilities In The Us: A Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Study, Jennifer Renee Pharr, Timothy J. Bungum

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

The Americans with Disabilities Act became law in 1990; since then research has shown that people with disabilities continue to experience barriers to health care. The purpose of this study was to compare utilization of preventive services, chronic disease rates, and engagement in health risk behaviors of participants with differing severities of disabilities to those without disabilities. This study was a secondary analysis of 2010 data collected in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System national survey in the United States. Rao Chi square test and logistic regression were employed. Participants with disabilities had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios for all …

Hyperpolarized 3he And 129xe Mr Imaging In Healthy Volunteers And Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Miranda Kirby, Sarah Svenningsen, Amir Owrangi, Andrew Wheatley, Adam Farag, Alexei Ouriadov, Giles E Santyr, Roya Etemad-Rezai, Harvey O Coxson, David G Mccormack, Grace Parraga

Medical Biophysics Publications

PURPOSE: To quantitatively compare hyperpolarized helium 3 (3He) and xenon 129 (129Xe) magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained within 5 minutes in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to evaluate the correlations between 3He and 129Xe MR imaging measurements and those from spirometry and plethysmography.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by an ethics board and compliant with HIPAA. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Eight healthy volunteers and 10 patients with COPD underwent MR imaging, spirometry, and plethysmography. Ventilation defect percentages (VDPs) at 3He and 129Xe imaging were obtained by using semiautomated …

Functional Results And Outcomes After Repair Of Proximal Hamstring Avulsions., Steven B Cohen, Ashwin Rangavajjula, Dharmesh Vyas, James P Bradley

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess postsurgical outcomes in active patients after primary repair of acute and chronic proximal hamstring tears.

HYPOTHESIS: Surgical treatment of both acute and chronic proximal hamstring avulsion injuries would result in improved patient outcomes using validated outcome scores and a hamstring-specific questionnaire, and operative repair of these injuries results in excellent outcomes with a high level of patient satisfaction, pain relief, and return to function.

STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Fifty-two patients who underwent proximal hamstring repair (26 male and 26 female; average age, 47.7 years) completed the …

Early Adoption Of Transoral Robotic Surgical Program: Preliminary Outcomes., David Cognetti, Adam Luginbuhl, Anthony L. Nguyen, Joseph Curry

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of establishing a transoral robotic surgical (TORS) program in the post-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval setting. Early outcomes are compared with the previously reported results of pioneering centers.

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical data from a prospective TORS study.

SETTING: Academic university institution.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients treated with 63 TORS procedures. Main outcome measures: intraoperative times, margin status, complications, time to diet, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube retention rate. The authors also report oncologic outcomes on their first 30 patients.

RESULTS: The spectrum of subsites …

Atovaquone Ameliorate Gastrointestinal Toxoplasmosis Complications In A Pregnancy Model, Helieh S. Oz, Thomas Tobin

Physiology Faculty Publications

Background: Toxoplasma is an important source of foodborne hospitalization with no safe and effective therapy against chronic or congenital Toxopalsmosis. Atovaquone is a drug of choice but not approved for use in congenital Toxoplasmosis. We hypothesized atovaquone to be safe and effective against feto-maternal Toxoplasmosis.

Material/Methods: Programmed pregnant mice were i.p. infected with 50–2400 Tachyzoites from Type II strain (clone PTG). Dams were treated daily with atovaquone or sham and monitored for pain, and complications.

Results: Dams developed pain related abdominal hypersensitivity (allodynia) to mechanical stimuli in a Tachyzoites dose dependent manner. Infected dams were anemic and exhibited ascities and …

Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Sensory Behaviors In Children With Autism., Kristina G Caron, Roseann C Schaaf, Teal W. Benevides, Eynat Gal

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

Parents of children with autism frequently report that their children exhibit unusual responses to sensory experiences. Little research is available, however, describing how parents' and children's culture and environment might influence parents' reports of their children's behaviors. This study compared the frequency of parent-reported responses to sensory experiences in children from two countries-Israel and the United States. We administered the Short Sensory Profile to primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing peers. Results indicate that Israeli parents reported unusual responses to sensory experiences less frequently than U.S. parents for both ASD and typically developing children. …

Common Respiratory Issues In Ambulatory Obstetrics., Kelly M Orzechowski, Richard C Miller

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

This article reviews the diagnosis and management of the most common respiratory conditions complicating pregnancy--asthma and influenza. We also review strategies for smoking cessation in pregnancy as, in addition to exacerbating all other pulmonary conditions, smoking is the most modifiable risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome. Moreover, the obstetrician frequently encounters each of these conditions in the ambulatory setting. A thorough knowledge of the normal pregnancy-induced physiological respiratory changes combined with a comprehensive understanding of how to manage these conditions, will provide the obstetrician with the armamentarium needed to optimize health outcomes for mothers and their fetuses.

25(Oh)D3 And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Female Nonhuman Primates., Matthew J Jorgensen, Lawrence L Rudel, Matthew Nudy, Jay R Kaplan, Thomas B Clarkson, Nicholas M Pajewski, Peter F Schnatz

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

OBJECTIVE: To determine if interindividual differences in plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D(3)) have pathophysiologic significance, we evaluated a cohort of female monkeys, seeking to identify associations with clinically relevant cardiovascular risk factors, including age, abdominal obesity (waist circumference), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

METHODS: One hundred fifty-five female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) aged 3-25 years consumed a typical western diet for 7-8 weeks that provided a woman's equivalent of approximately 1000 IU/day of vitamin D(3). Measurements of vitamin D(3) and HDL-C concentrations, as well as waist circumference, were obtained.

RESULTS: Among young monkeys (aged 3-5 years), compared to …

Psychometrics Of The Scale Of Attitudes Toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration: A Study With Medical Students., Mohammadreza Hojat, John Spandorfer, Gerald A. Isenberg, Michael J. Vergare, Reza Fassihi, Joseph S. Gonnella

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite the emphasis placed on interdisciplinary education and interprofessional collaboration between physicians and pharmacologists, no psychometrically sound instrument is available to measure attitudes toward collaborative relationships.

AIM: This study was designed to examine psychometrics of an instrument for measuring attitudes toward physician-pharmacist collaborative relationships for administration to students in medical and pharmacy schools and to physicians and pharmacists.

METHODS: The Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Pharmacist Collaboration was completed by 210 students at Jefferson Medical College. Factor analysis and correlational methods were used to examine psychometrics of the instrument.

RESULTS: Consistent with the conceptual framework of interprofessional collaboration, three underlying …

Breast Milk From Tanzanian Women Has Divergent Effects On Cell-Free And Cell-Associated Hiv-1 Infection In Vitro, Magdalena A. Lyimo, Matilda Ngarina Mosi, Molly L. Housman, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abideen, Frederick V. Lee, Alexandra L. Howell, Ruth I. Connor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding is a significant source of new pediatric infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Breast milk from HIV-positive mothers contains both cell-free and cell-associated virus; however, the impact of breast milk on HIV-1 infectivity remains poorly understood. In the present study, breast milk was collected from HIV-positive and HIV-negative Tanzanian women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam. Milk was analyzed for activity in vitro against both cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1. Potent inhibition of cell-free R5 and X4 HIV-1 occurred in the presence of milk from all donors regardless of HIV-1 serostatus. Inhibition of cell-free HIV-1 infection positively …

Tryptophan Hydroxylase-1 Regulates Immune Tolerance And Inflammation, Elizabeth C. Nowak, Victor C. De Vries, Anna Wasiuk, Cory Ahonen, Kathryn A. Bennett, Isabelle Le Mercier, Dae-Gon Ha, Randolph J. Noelle

Dartmouth Scholarship

Nutrient deprivation based on the loss of essential amino acids by catabolic enzymes in the microenvironment is a critical means to control in ammatory responses and immune tolerance. Here we report the novel nding that Tph-1 (tryptophan hydroxylase-1), a synthase which catalyses the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin and exhausts tryptophan, is a potent regulator of immunity. In models of skin allograft tolerance, tumor growth, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tph-1 de ciency breaks allograft tolerance, induces tumor remission, and intensi es neuroin ammation, respectively. All of these effects of Tph-1 de ciency are independent of its downstream product serotonin. Because …

Validation Of Food Store Environment Secondary Data Source And The Role Of Neighborhood Deprivation In Appalachia, Kentucky, Alison A. Gustafson, Sarah Lewis, Corey Wilson, Stephanie Jilcott-Pitts

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Based on the need for better measurement of the retail food environment in rural settings and to examine how deprivation may be unique in rural settings, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate one commercially available data source with direct field observations of food retailers; and 2) to examine the association between modified neighborhood deprivation and the modified retail food environment score (mRFEI).

METHODS: Secondary data were obtained from a commercial database, InfoUSA in 2011, on all retail food outlets for each census tract. In 2011, direct observation identifying all listed food retailers was conducted in 14 …

A Digital X-Ray Tomosynthesis Coupled Near Infrared Spectral Tomography System For Dual-Modality Breast Imaging, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Kelly E. Michaelsen, Brian W. Pogue, Steven P. Poplack, Ian Shaw, Ken Defrietas, Ken Brooks, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

A Near Infrared Spectral Tomography (NIRST) system has been developed and integrated into a commercial Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) scanner to allow structural and functional imaging of breast in vivo. The NIRST instrument uses an 8-wavelength continuous wave (CW) laser-based scanning source assembly and a 75-element silicon photodiode solid-state detector panel to produce dense spectral and spatial projection data from which spectrally constrained 3D tomographic images of tissue chromophores are produced. Integration of the optical imaging system into the DBT scanner allows direct co-registration of the optical and DBT images, while also facilitating the synergistic use of x-ray contrast as …

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Plasticity: A Comparative Perspective., T J Stevenson, T P Hahn, S A Macdougall-Shackleton, G F Ball

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) is a key regulator of the reproductive neuroendocrine system in vertebrates. Recent developments have suggested that GnRH1 neurons exhibit far greater plasticity at the cellular and molecular levels than previously thought. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that sub-populations of GnRH1 neurons in the preoptic area are highly responsive to specific environmental and hormonal conditions. In this paper we discuss findings that reveal large variation in GnRH1 mRNA and protein expression that are regulated by social cues, photoperiod, and hormonal feedback. We draw upon studies using histochemistry and immediate early genes (e.g., c-FOS/ZENK) to illustrate that specific …

Perceptual Fluency Can Be Used As A Cue For Categorization Decisions., Sarah J Miles, John Paul Minda

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Learning in the prototype distortion task is thought to involve perceptual learning in which category members experience an enhanced visual response (Ashby & Maddox. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 149-178, 2005). This response likely leads to more-efficient processing, which in turn may result in a feeling of perceptual fluency for category members. We examined the perceptual-fluency hypothesis by manipulating fluency independently from category membership. We predicted that when perceptual fluency was induced using subliminal priming, this fluency would be misattributed to category membership and would affect categorization decisions. In a prototype distortion task, the participants were more likely to judge …

Behavioral And Fmri Evidence That Cognitive Ability Modulates The Effect Of Semantic Context On Speech Intelligibility, Adriana A Zekveld, Mary Rudner, Ingrid Johnsrude, Dirk J Heslenfeld, Jerker Rönnberg

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Text cues facilitate the perception of spoken sentences to which they are semantically related (Zekveld, Rudner, et al., 2011). In this study, semantically related and unrelated cues preceding sentences evoked more activation in middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than nonword cues, regardless of acoustic quality (speech in noise or speech in quiet). Larger verbal working memory (WM) capacity (reading span) was associated with greater intelligibility benefit obtained from related cues, with less speech-related activation in the left superior temporal gyrus and left anterior IFG, and with more activation in right medial frontal cortex for related versus …

The Influence Of Cognitive-Perceptual Variables On Patterns Of Change Over Time In Rural Midlife And Older Women's Healthy Eating., Bernice C, Yates, Carol H. Pullen, Jonathan Bruce Santo, Linda Boeckner, Patricia A. Hageman, Paul J. Dizona, Susan Noble Walker

Journal Articles: College of Nursing

Although studies demonstrate that dietary interventions for healthy adults can result in beneficial dietary changes, few studies examine when and how people change in response to these interventions, particularly in rural populations. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of change over time in healthy eating behaviors in midlife and older women in response to a one-year health-promoting intervention, and to examine what predictors (perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and family support for healthy eating) influence the changes during the intervention and follow-up. Data for this secondary analysis were from the Wellness for Women community-based trial. Women (N = …

Hormonal Induction Of Polo-Like Kinases (Plks) And Impact Of Plk2 On Cell Cycle Progression In The Rat Ovary, Feixue Li, Misung Jo, Thomas E. Curry, Jing Liu

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

The highly conserved polo-like kinases (Plks) are potent regulators of multiple functions in the cell cycle before and during mitotic cell division. We investigated the expression pattern of Plk genes and their potential role(s) in the rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Plk2 and Plk3 were highly induced both in intact ovaries and granulosa cells in vivo after treatment with the luteinizing hormone (LH) agonist, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In vitro, hCG stimulated the expression of Plk2 in granulosa cells, but not Plk3. This induction of Plk2 expression was mimicked by both forskolin and phorbol 12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Moreover, …

Iron Homeostasis During Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation, Alex H. Gifford, Lisa A. Moulton, Dana B. Dorman, Gordana Olbina, Mark Westerman, H. Worth Parker, Bruce Stanton, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

BACKGROUND:

Hypoferremia is a marker of disease severity in cystic fibrosis (CF). The effect of systemic antibiotics on iron homeostasis during CF pulmonary exacerbation (CFPE) is unknown. Our central hypotheses were that, by the completion of treatment, serum iron would increase, serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin-25, two mediators of hypoferremia, would decrease, and sputum iron would decrease.

METHODS:

Blood and sputum samples were collected from 12 subjects with moderate-to-severe CF (median percentage-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1) %) = 29%; median weight = 56 kg) within 24 hours of starting and completing a course of systemic …

Multidrug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Regimens And Patient Outcomes: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis Of 9,153 Patients, Shama D. Ahuja, David Ashkin, Monika Avendano, Rita Banerjee, Melissa Bauer, Jamie N. Bayona

Dartmouth Scholarship

Dick Menzies and colleagues report findings from a collaborative, individual patient-level meta-analysis of treatment outcomes among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is lengthy, toxic, expensive, and has generally poor outcomes. We undertook an individual patient data meta-analysis to assess the impact on outcomes of the type, number, and duration of drugs used to treat MDR-TB.

Family And Personal Adjustment Of Economically Disadvantaged Chinese Adolescents In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek, Pik Fong Tsui

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study attempted to examine the relationship between poverty and adolescent developmental outcomes in the family and personal domains in 3,328 Chinese secondary school students in Hong Kong. Developmental outcomes included positive youth development constructs, problem behaviors, perceived family interaction, and parental parenting. Results showed that adolescents experiencing poverty did not differ from nonpoor adolescents in terms of risk behavior and in most indicators of positive youth development. On the other hand, adolescents with economic disadvantage displayed lower levels of positive identity, family interaction, and perceived paternal parenting than did those without economic disadvantage.

An End To The Violence: Justifying Gender As A "Particular Social Group", Suzanne Sidun

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.