Digital Commons Network^™

Oncogenic Osteomalacia Secondary To Glomus Tumor, Rishi Raj, Samaneh Hasanzadeh, Mitra Dashtizadeh, Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi, Katayoun Vahdat, Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh, Iraj Nabipour, Mohammdreza Ravanbod, Majid Assadi, Basir Hashemi, Kamyar Asadipooya

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Summary

Oncogenic osteomalacia secondary to glomus tumor is extremely rare. Localization of causative tumors is critical as surgical resection can lead to a complete biochemical and clinical cure. We present a case of oncogenic osteomalacia treated with resection of glomus tumor. A 39-year-old woman with a history of chronic sinusitis presented with chronic body ache and muscle weakness. Biochemical evaluation revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase hypophosphatemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, low calcitriol, and FGF23 was unsuppressed suggestive of oncogenic osteomalacia. Diagnostic studies showed increase uptake in multiple bones. Localization with MRI of paranasal sinuses revealed a sinonasal mass with concurrent uptake …

Post-Discharge Healthcare Utilization In Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome, Shikhar Shrestha, Melissa H Roberts, Jessie R Maxwell, Lawrence M Leeman, Ludmila N Bakhireva

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

The opioid epidemic in the United States has led to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS); however, the understanding of long-term consequences of NOWS is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-discharge healthcare utilization in infants with NOWS and examine the association between NOWS severity and healthcare utilization. A retrospective cohort design was used to ascertain healthcare utilization in the first year after birth-related discharge using the CERNER Health Facts® database. ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnostic codes were used to identify live births and to classify infants into two study groups: NOWS and uncomplicated …

Monitoring Self-Perceived Occupational Health Inequities In Central America, 2011 And 2018, Michael Silva-Peñaherrera, David Gimeno Ruiz De Porras, George L Delclos, Marianela Rojas Garbanzo, Pamela Merino-Salazar, Maria Lopez-Ruiz, Fernando G Benavides

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives. to analyze changes in occupational health inequity between 2011 and 2018 among workers in Central America. Methods. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews at the workers' homes for the 2 Central America Working Conditions Surveys (n = 12 024 in 2011 and n = 9030 in 2018). We estimated health inequity gaps by means of absolute and relative population attributable risks and the weighted Keppel index. We stratified all analyses by gender. Results. Between 2011 and 2018, the proportion of workers reporting poor self-perceived health decreased both in women (from 32% to 29%) and men (from 33% to 30%). …

Sex-Related Disparities In Cardiovascular Health Care Among Patients With Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Michelle T Lee, Dhruv Mahtta, David J Ramsey, Jing Liu, Arunima Misra, Khurram Nasir, Zainab Samad, Dipti Itchhaporia, Safi U Khan, Richard S Schofield, Christie M Ballantyne, Laura A Petersen, Salim S Virani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: There is a paucity of data regarding secondary prevention care disparities in women with premature and extremely premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), defined as an ASCVD event at 55 years or younger and 40 years or younger, respectively.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sex-based differences in antiplatelet agents, any statin, high-intensity statin (HIS) therapy, and statin adherence in patients with premature and extremely premature ASCVD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, nationwide VA health care system-based study with patients enrolled in the Veterans With Premature Atherosclerosis (VITAL) registry. The study assessed patients who had at least 1 primary …

Deteriorated Regional Calf Microcirculation Measured By Contrast-Free Mri In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus And Relation With Physical Activity, Jie Zheng, Christopher Sorensen, Ran Li, Hongyu An, Charles F Hildebolt, Mohamed A Zayed, Michael J Mueller, Mary K Hastings

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regional calf muscle microcirculation in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without foot ulcers, compared to healthy control people without DM, using contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging methods.

METHODS: Three groups of subjects were recruited: non-DM controls, DM, and DM with foot ulcers (DM + ulcer), all with ankle brachial index (ABI) > 0.9. Skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (SMOEF) in calf muscle were measured at rest and during a 5-min isometric ankle plantarflexion exercise. Subjects completed the Yale physical activity survey.

RESULTS: The exercise SMBF (ml/min/100 g) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were …

Case-Based Audit And Feedback Around A Decision Aid Improved Antibiotic Choice And Duration For Uncomplicated Cystitis In Primary Care Clinics, Larissa Grigoryan, Roger Zoorob, George Germanos, Mohamad Sidani, Matthew Horsfield, Fareed Khan, Mohammad Zare, Melanie Goebel, Robert Atmar, Barbara Trautner

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted stewardship intervention on adherence to the evidence-based practice guidelines on treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in primary care. We hypothesised that our intervention would increase guideline adherence in terms of antibiotic choice and duration of treatment.

DESIGN: A preintervention and postintervention comparison with a contemporaneous control group was performed. During the first two study periods, we obtained baseline data and performed interviews exploring provider prescribing decisions for cystitis at both clinics. During the third period in the intervention clinic only, the intervention included a didactic lecture, a …

Factors Associated With Access To And Receipt Of Liver Transplantation In Veterans With End-Stage Liver Disease, Fasiha Kanwal, Ruben Hernaez, Yan Liu, Thomas J Taylor, Abbas Rana, Jennifer R Kramer, Aanand D Naik, Donna Smith, Tamar Taddei, Steven M Asch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Organ scarcity means few patients with advanced liver disease undergo a transplant, making equitable distribution all the more crucial. Disparities may arise at any stage in the complex process leading up to this curative therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the rate of and factors associated with referral, wait-listing, and receipt of liver allografts.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used linked data from comprehensive electronic medical records and the United Network of Organ Sharing. Adult patients with cirrhosis and a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease with addition of sodium score of at least 15 points between October 1, …

High Burden Of Subclinical And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In Adults With Metabolically Healthy Obesity: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (Aric) Study, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mariana Lazo, Olive Tang, Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Chiadi E Ndumele, Vijay Nambi, Dan Wang, Christie Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: It is controversial whether adults who are obese but "metabolically healthy" have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk comparable with that of normal-weight adults. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), a biomarker of myocardial damage, is useful in characterizing subclinical CVD. We categorized obesity phenotypes and studied their associations with subclinical and clinical CVD and CVD subtypes, including heart failure (HF).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses of 9,477 adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We used the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and BMI to define obesity phenotypes as follows: metabolically healthy normal weight, …

High Burden Of Subclinical And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In Adults With Metabolically Healthy Obesity: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (Aric) Study, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mariana Lazo, Olive Tang, Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Chiadi E Ndumele, Vijay Nambi, Dan Wang, Christie Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: It is controversial whether adults who are obese but "metabolically healthy" have cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk comparable with that of normal-weight adults. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), a biomarker of myocardial damage, is useful in characterizing subclinical CVD. We categorized obesity phenotypes and studied their associations with subclinical and clinical CVD and CVD subtypes, including heart failure (HF).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses of 9,477 adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We used the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and BMI to define obesity phenotypes as follows: metabolically healthy normal weight, …

Socio-Demographic And Trauma-Related Predictors Of Ptsd Within 8 Weeks Of A Motor Vehicle Collision In The Aurora Study, Ronald C Kessler, Kerry J Ressler, Stacey L House, Francesca L Beaudoin, Xinming An, Jennifer S Stevens, Donglin Zeng, Thomas C Neylan, Sarah D Linnstaedt, Laura T Germine, Paul I Musey, Phyllis L Hendry, Sophia Sheikh, Alan B Storrow, Christopher W Jones, Brittany E Punches, Elizabeth M Datner, Kamran Mohiuddin, Nina T Gentile, Meghan E Mcgrath, Sanne J Van Rooij, Lauren A Hudak, John P Haran, David A Peak, Robert M Domeier, Claire Pearson, Leon D Sanchez, Niels K Rathlev, William F Peacock, Steven E Bruce, Mark W Miller, Jutta Joormann, Deanna M Barch, Diego A Pizzagalli, John F Sheridan, Jordan W Smoller, Thaddeus W W Pace, Steven E Harte, James M Elliott, Nathaniel G Harnett, Lauren A M Lebois, Irving Hwang, Nancy A Sampson, Karestan C Koenen, Samuel A Mclean

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This is the initial report of results from the AURORA multisite longitudinal study of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) among participants seeking emergency department (ED) treatment in the aftermath of a traumatic life experience. We focus on n = 666 participants presenting to EDs following a motor vehicle collision (MVC) and examine associations of participant socio-demographic and participant-reported MVC characteristics with 8-week posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) adjusting for pre-MVC PTSD and mediated by peritraumatic symptoms and 2-week acute stress disorder (ASD). Peritraumatic Symptoms, ASD, and PTSD were assessed with self-report scales. Eight-week PTSD prevalence was relatively high (42.0%) and positively …

Framing Of Female Leading Roles In Drama Series On Video Streaming Platforms, Manatalah Soliman

Theses and Dissertations

This comparative study examines the female-centered drama series aired on VOD services from three different genres. While several studies have established the stereotypical representation of women in the drama series, most research has focused on individual countries. The significance of this study relies upon the fact that the series is from VOD services, notably Netflix and Shahid VIP. The study bridges a gap in the literature by adopting a comparative perspective to analyze gender portrayals from six drama series, three from each country, from three genres. The contemporary drama genre included Valeria from Spain and Leh Laa?! Why Not?! from …

Sleep Apnea And Fetal Growth Restriction (Safer) Study: Protocol For A Pragmatic Randomised Clinical Trial Of Positive Airway Pressure As An Antenatal Therapy For Fetal Growth Restriction In Maternal Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Alex Hincker, Jacob Nadler, Suzanne Karan, Ebony Carter, Shay Porat, Barbara Warner, Yo-El S Ju, Arbi Ben Abdallah, Elizabeth Wilson, Ellen M Lockhart, Yehuda Ginosar

Open Access Publications

INTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major contributor to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality with intrauterine, neonatal and lifelong complications. This study explores maternal obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) as a potentially modifiable risk factor for FGR. We hypothesise that, in pregnancies complicated by FGR, treating mothers who have OSA using positive airway pressure (PAP) will improve birth weight and neonatal outcomes.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Sleep Apnea and Fetal Growth Restriction study is a prospective, block-randomised, single-blinded, multicentre, pragmatic controlled trial. We enrol pregnant women aged 18-50, between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation, with established FGR based …

Reduced Mitochondrial Dna And Oxphos Protein Content In Skeletal Muscle Of Children With Cerebral Palsy, Ferdinand Von Walden, Ivan J. Vechetti Jr., Davis A. Englund, Vandré C. Figueiredo, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kevin A. Murach, Jessica Pingel, John J. Mccarthy, Per Stål, Eva Pontén

Physiology Faculty Publications

AIM: To provide a detailed gene and protein expression analysis related to mitochondrial biogenesis and assess mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

METHOD: Biceps brachii muscle samples were collected from 19 children with CP (mean [SD] age 15y 4mo [2y 6mo], range 9-18y, 16 males, three females) and 10 typically developing comparison children (mean [SD] age 15y [4y], range 7-21y, eight males, two females). Gene expression (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to genomic DNA ratio (quantitative PCR), and protein abundance (western blotting) were analyzed. Microarray data sets (CP/aging/bed rest) were …

Sotorasib For Lung Cancers With Kras P.G12c Mutation, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Ramaswamy Govindan, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Sotorasib showed anticancer activity in patients with

METHODS: In a single-group, phase 2 trial, we investigated the activity of sotorasib, administered orally at a dose of 960 mg once daily, in patients with

RESULTS: Among the 126 enrolled patients, the majority (81.0%) had previously received both platinum-based chemotherapy and inhibitors of programmed death 1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). According to central review, 124 patients had measurable disease at baseline and were evaluated for response. An objective response was observed in 46 patients (37.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 28.6 to 46.2), including in 4 (3.2%) who had …

Perceptions Of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) Etiology Among Parents Of Children With Asd, Wei-Ju Chen, Zihan Zhang, Haocen Wang, Tung-Sung Tseng, Ping Ma, Lei-Shih Chen

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Parental perceptions of the etiology of their child’s ASD can affect provider–client relationships, bonding between parents and their children, and the prognosis, treatment, and management of children with ASD. Thus, this study sought to examine the perceptions of ASD etiology of parents of children with ASD. Methods: Forty-two parents of children diagnosed with ASD were recruited across Texas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted individually. All interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim for content analysis utilizing NVivo 12.0 (QSR International, Doncaster, Australia). …

Associations Between Screen-Based Activities, Physical Activity, And Dietary Habits In Mexican Schoolchildren, Erica G Soltero, Alejandra Jáuregui, Edith Hernandez, Simón Barquera, Edtna Jáuregui, Juan Ricardo López-Taylor, Luis Ortiz-Hernández, Lucie Lévesque, Rebecca E Lee

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Screen-based activities are associated with increased risk of obesity and contribute to physical inactivity and poor dietary habits. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among screen-based activities, physical activity, and dietary habits in school-aged children in Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, and Mexico City, Mexico. The secondary aim was to examine these associations across sex. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition survey was used to assess screen-based activities (TV watching, video game use, computer use), physical activity, and dietary habits. Organized activity/sports participation, unhealthy dietary habits, and household income were correlated with screen-based activities. While TV watching …

Advanced Cognitive Impairment Among Older Nursing Home Residents, Tadeja Gracner, Patricia W Stone, Mansi Agarwal, Mark Sorbero, Susan L Mitchell, Andrew W Dick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Though work has been done studying nursing home (NH) residents with either advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Alzheimer's disease related dementia (ADRD), none have distinguished between them; even though their clinical features affecting survival are different. In this study, we compared mortality risk factors and survival between NH residents with advanced AD and those with advanced ADRD.

METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study, in which we examined a sample of 34,493 U.S. NH residents aged 65 and over in the Minimum Data Set (2011-2013). Incident assessment of advanced disease was defined as the first MDS assessment with severe …

Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein And Tdp-43 Pathology, Stress And Sleep Behavior Disorders, Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas, Ravi Philip Rajkumar, Elijah W. Stommel, Randy Kulesza, Yusra Mansour, Adriana Rico-Villanueva, Jorge Orlando Flores-Vázquez, Rafael Brito-Aguilar, Silvia Ramírez-Sánchez, Griselda García-Alonso, Diana A. Chávez-Franco, Samuel C. Luévano-Castro, Edgar García-Rojas, Paula Revueltas-Ficachi, Rodolfo Villarreal-Ríos, Partha S. Mukherjee

Otolaryngology Articles

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD …

The Rare C9 P167s Risk Variant For Age-Related Macular Degeneration Increases Polymerization Of The Terminal Component Of The Complement Cascade, O Mcmahon, A Java, J P Atkinson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex neurodegenerative eye disease with behavioral and genetic etiology and is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among elderly Caucasians. Functionally significant genetic variants in the alternative pathway of complement have been strongly linked to disease. More recently, a rare variant in the terminal pathway of complement has been associated with increased risk, Complement component 9 (C9) P167S. To assess the functional consequence of this variant, C9 levels were measured in two independent cohorts of AMD patients. In both cohorts, it was demonstrated that the P167S variant was associated with low C9 plasma …

Ovarian Cancer Modulates The Immunosuppressive Function Of Cd11b(+)Gr1(+) Myeloid Cells Via Glutamine Metabolism, Mary P. Udumula, Sharif Sakr, Sajad Dar, Ayesha B. Alvero, Rouba Ali-Fehmi, Eman Abdulfatah, Jing Li, Jun Jiang, Amy Tang, Thomas Buekers, Robert Morris, Adnan R. Munkarah, Shailendra Giri, Ramandeep Rattan

Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Services Articles

OBJECTIVE: Immature CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells that acquire immunosuppressive capability, also known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are a heterogeneous population of cells that regulate immune responses. Our study's objective was to elucidate the role of ovarian cancer microenvironment in regulating the immunosuppressive function of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid cells.

METHODS: All studies were performed using the intraperitoneal ID8 syngeneic epithelial ovarian cancer mouse model. Myeloid cell depletion and immunotherapy were carried out using anti-Gr1 mAb, gemcitabine treatments, and/or anti PD1 mAb. The treatment effect was assessed by survival curve, in situ luciferase-guided imaging, and histopathologic evaluation. Adoptive transfer assays were carried out …

Nlrp3 Inflammasome Is A Key Driver Of Obesity-Induced Atrial Arrhythmias, Larry Scott, Anke C Fender, Arnela Saljic, Luge Li, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaolei Wang, Dominik Linz, Jilu Lang, Mathias Hohl, Darragh Twomey, Thuy T Pham, Rodrigo Diaz-Lankenau, Mihail G Chelu, Markus Kamler, Mark L Entman, George E Taffet, Prashanthan Sanders, Dobromir Dobrev, Na Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

AIMS: Obesity, an established risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), is frequently associated with enhanced inflammatory response. However, whether inflammatory signaling is causally linked to AF pathogenesis in obesity remains elusive. We recently demonstrated that the constitutive activation of the 'NACHT, LRR, and PYD Domains-containing Protein 3' (NLRP3) inflammasome promotes AF susceptibility. In this study, we hypothesized that the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key driver of obesity-induced AF.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Western blotting was performed to determine the level of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atrial tissues of obese patients, sheep, and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. The increased body weight in …

Development And Validation Of Machine Learning-Based Race-Specific Models To Predict 10-Year Risk Of Heart Failure: A Multicohort Analysis, Matthew W Segar, Byron C Jaeger, Kershaw V Patel, Vijay Nambi, Chiadi E Ndumele, Adolfo Correa, Javed Butler, Alvin Chandra, Colby Ayers, Shreya Rao, Alana A Lewis, Laura M Raffield, Carlos J Rodriguez, Erin D Michos, Christie M Ballantyne, Michael E Hall, Robert J Mentz, James A De Lemos, Ambarish Pandey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) risk and the underlying risk factors vary by race. Traditional models for HF risk prediction treat race as a covariate in risk prediction and do not account for significant parameters such as cardiac biomarkers. Machine learning (ML) may offer advantages over traditional modeling techniques to develop race-specific HF risk prediction models and to elucidate important contributors of HF development across races.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 4 large, community cohort studies (ARIC [Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities], DHS [Dallas Heart Study], JHS [Jackson Heart Study], and MESA [Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis]) with adjudicated HF events. …

Genetic Variation And Recurrent Haplotypes On Chromosome 6q23-25 Risk Locus In Familial Lung Cancer, Anthony M Musolf, Claire L Simpson, Bilal A Moiz, Claudio W Pikielny, Candace D Middlebrooks, Diptasri Mandal, Mariza De Andrade, Michael D Cole, Colette Gaba, Ping Yang, Ming You, Yafang Li, Elena Y Kupert, Marshall W Anderson, Ann G Schwartz, Susan M Pinney, Christopher I Amos, Joan E Bailey-Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although lung cancer is known to be caused by environmental factors, it has also been shown to have genetic components, and the genetic etiology of lung cancer remains understudied. We previously identified a lung cancer risk locus on 6q23-25 using microsatellite data in families with a history of lung cancer. To further elucidate that signal, we performed targeted sequencing on nine of our most strongly linked families. Two-point linkage analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the signal was heterogeneous and that different families likely had different risk variants. Three specific haplotypes were shared by some of the families: 6q25.3-26 …

Food Insecurity And Frailty Among Women With And Without Hiv In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Judy Y. Tan, Lila A. Sheira, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Deborah Gustafson, Anjali Sharma, Daniel Merenstein, Mardge H. Cohen, Elizabeth Golub, Andrew Edmonds, Igho Ofotokun, Margaret Fischl, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Torsten Neilands, Phyllis Tien, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Frailty is frequently observed among people with HIV, and food insecurity is associated with frailty in the general population. Evidence is scarce on the associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with HIV who maybe particularly vulnerable to the impacts of food insecurity. The goal of this study was to assess associations between food insecurity and frailty among women with and without HIV.

Methods: There were 1265 participants from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study who participated in frailty assessments in2017. Frailty was measured using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and women were subsequently categorized as robust, pre-frailor frail. …

Dietary Patterns And Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Among Us Adults, Iman Moussa, Rena S Day, Ruosha Li, Xianglin L Du, Ahmed O Kaseb, Prasun K Jalal, Carrie Daniel-Macdougall, Rikita I Hatia, Ahmed Abdelhakeem, Asif Rashid, Yun Shin Chun, Donghui Li, Manal M Hassan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The objective of this study was to assess the association between dietary patterns and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among US adults in a hospital-based case-control study. We analyzed data from 641 cases and 1002 controls recruited at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center during 2001-2018. Cases were patients with a pathologically or radiologically confirmed new diagnosis of HCC; controls were cancer-free spouses of patients with cancers other than gastrointestinal, lung, liver, or head and neck cancer. Cases and controls were frequency-matched by age and sex. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and …

Subchronic Tolerance Trials Of Graded Oral Supplementation With Phenylalanine Or Serine In Healthy Adults, Naoki Miura, Hideki Matsumoto, Luc Cynober, Patrick J Stover, Rajavel Elango, Motoni Kadowaki, Dennis M Bier, Miro Smriga

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Phenylalanine and serine are amino acids used in dietary supplements and nutritional products consumed by healthy consumers; however, the safe level of phenylalanine or serine supplementation is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct two 4-week clinical trials to evaluate the safety and tolerability of graded dosages of oral phenylalanine and oral serine. Healthy male adults (n = 60, 38.2 ± 1.8y) completed graded dosages of either phenylalanine or serine supplement (3, 6, 9 and 12 g/d) for 4 weeks with 2-week wash-out periods in between. Primary outcomes included vitals, a broad spectrum of circulating biochemical analytes, …

A Strong Effect Of Individual Compliance With Mass Drug Administration For Lymphatic Filariasis On Sustained Clearance Of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections, Jérémy T Campillo, Naomi P Awaca-Uvon, Jean-Paul Tambwe, Godefroy Kuyangisa-Simuna, Johnny Vlaminck, Gary J Weil, Michel Boussinesq, Cédric B Chesnais, Sébastien D S Pion

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The impact of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole (ALB; 400 mg) alone on lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was assessed during two trials conducted from 2012 to 2018 in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The collected data were analyzed to evaluate the effect of compliance with ALB treatment on STH infections.

METHODS: STH infections were diagnosed with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and the results are reported as eggs per gram of stool. All subjects with at least two STH infection assessments were included in the analyses. We used parametric …

Mitochondrial Genome Copy Number Measured By Dna Sequencing In Human Blood Is Strongly Associated With Metabolic Traits Via Cell-Type Composition Differences, Liron Ganel, Lei Chen, Ryan Christ, Erica Young, Indraniel Das, Krishna Kanchi, David Larson, Allison Regier, Haley Abel, Chul Joo Kang, Alexandra Scott, Adam Locke, Nathan O Stitziel, Ira M Hall, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial genome copy number (MT-CN) varies among humans and across tissues and is highly heritable, but its causes and consequences are not well understood. When measured by bulk DNA sequencing in blood, MT-CN may reflect a combination of the number of mitochondria per cell and cell-type composition. Here, we studied MT-CN variation in blood-derived DNA from 19184 Finnish individuals using a combination of genome (N = 4163) and exome sequencing (N = 19034) data as well as imputed genotypes (N = 17718).

RESULTS: We identified two loci significantly associated with MT-CN variation: a common variant at the MYB-HBS1L locus …

Candida Cell-Surface-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect Mice Against Candida Auris Invasive Infection, Jonothan Rosario-Colon, Karen Eberle, Abby Adams, Evan Courville, Hong Xin

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause disseminated bloodstream infections with up to 60% mortality in susceptible populations. Of the three major classes of antifungal drugs, most C. auris isolates show high resistance to azoles and polyenes, with some clinical isolates showing resistance to all three drug classes. We reported in this study a novel approach to treating C. auris disseminated infections through passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting cell surface antigens with high homology in medically important Candida species. Using an established A/J mouse model of disseminated infection that mimics human candidiasis, we showed that …

Water-Fat Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Adipose Tissue Compartments In The Normal Third Trimester Fetus, Stephanie A Giza, Tianna L Koreman, Simran Sethi, Michael R Miller, Debbie A Penava, Genevieve D Eastabrook, Charles A Mckenzie, Barbra De Vrijer

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

BACKGROUND: Assessment of fetal adipose tissue gives information about the future metabolic health of an individual, with evidence that the development of this tissue has regional heterogeneity.

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between fetal adipose tissue compartments in the third trimester using water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water-fat MRI was performed in a 1.5-T scanner. Fetal adipose tissue was segmented into cheeks, thorax, abdomen, upper arms, forearms, thighs and lower legs. PDFF and R2* values were measured in each compartment.

RESULTS: Twenty-eight women with singleton pregnancies were imaged between 28 and …