Digital Commons Network^™

Citrulline And Adi-Peg20 Reduce Inflammation In A Juvenile Porcine Model Of Acute Endotoxemia, Caitlin Vonderohe, Barbara Stoll, Inka Didelija, Trung Nguyen, Mahmoud Mohammad, Yava Jones-Hall, Miguel A Cruz, Juan Marini, Douglas Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is depleted in critically ill or surgical patients. In pediatric and adult patients, sepsis results in an arginine-deficient state, and the depletion of plasma arginine is associated with greater mortality. However, direct supplementation of arginine can result in the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), which can contribute to the hypotension and macrovascular hypo-reactivity observed in septic shock. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20, pegargiminase) reduces plasma arginine and generates citrulline that can be transported intracellularly to generate local arginine and NO, without resulting in hypotension, while maintaining microvascular patency. The objective of …

Sex-Specific Outcomes Of Lbbap Versus Biventricular Pacing: Results From I-Clas, Faiz A Subzposh, Parikshit S Sharma, Óscar Cano, Shunmuga Sundaram Ponnusamy, Bengt Herweg, Francesco Zanon, Marek Jastrzebski, Jiangang Zou, Mihail G Chelu, Kevin Vernooy, Zachary I Whinnett, Girish M Nair, Manuel Molina-Lerma, Karol Curila, Kenneth A Ellenbogen, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using biventricular pacing (BVP) has been associated with greater clinical improvement in women than men. Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been shown to be an alternative form of CRT.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-specific outcomes for death and heart failure events in a large, international, multicenter, cohort of patients undergoing CRT with BVP or LBBAP.

Methods: In this international study of 1,778 patients (575 female and 1203 male), sex-specific survival analysis was performed to compare the effect of LBBAP-CRT relative to BVP-CRT on the combined endpoint of …

Evaluating One-Week Post-Casting Alignment Checks And Surgical Intervention Rates In Pediatric Type Iia Supracondylar Humeral Fractures, Jason Z Amaral, Rebecca J Schultz, Benjamin M Martin, Jacob P Scioscia, Basel Touban, Barkha N Chhabra, Kelly Cline, Scott D Mckay

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the rate of surgical intervention in children with type IIA supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) following routine post-casting radiographic assessment. We hypothesized that no cases would convert to operative management following one-week post-casting alignment assessments.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study focused on pediatric patients diagnosed with type IIA SCHF from 2019 to 2022. Patients were treated with initial long arm cast immobilization, followed by a one-week post-casting radiographic alignment check in cast. Fractures were graded in consensus using the Wilkins-Modified Gartland classification system by three fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Demographics, casting details, follow-up dates, and …

Assessing The Potential Of Gpt-4 To Perpetuate Racial And Gender Biases In Health Care: A Model Evaluation Study, Travis Zack, Eric Lehman, Mirac Suzgun, Jorge A Rodriguez, Leo Anthony Celi, Judy Gichoya, Dan Jurafsky, Peter Szolovits, David W Bates, Raja-Elie E Abdulnour, Atul J Butte, Emily Alsentzer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 hold great promise as transformative tools in health care, ranging from automating administrative tasks to augmenting clinical decision making. However, these models also pose a danger of perpetuating biases and delivering incorrect medical diagnoses, which can have a direct, harmful impact on medical care. We aimed to assess whether GPT-4 encodes racial and gender biases that impact its use in health care.

Methods: Using the Azure OpenAI application interface, this model evaluation study tested whether GPT-4 encodes racial and gender biases and examined the impact of such biases on four potential applications …

The Maternal Gut Microbiome In Pregnancy: Implications For The Developing Immune System, Omry Koren, Liza Konnikova, Petter Brodin, Indira U Mysorekar, Maria Carmen Collado

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal …

Diminished Tmem100 Expression In A Newborn With Acinar Dysplasia And A Novel Tbx4 Variant: A Case Report, Przemyslaw Szafranski, Silvia Patrizi, Tomasz Gambin, Bushra Afzal, Emily Schlotterbeck, Justyna A Karolak, Gail Deutsch, Drucilla Roberts, Paweł Stankiewicz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Acinar dysplasia (AcDys) of the lung is a rare lethal developmental disorder in neonates characterized by severe respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension refractory to treatment. Recently, abnormalities of TBX4-FGF10-FGFR2-TMEM100 signaling regulating lung development have been reported in patients with AcDys due to heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or copy-number variant (CNV) deletions involving TBX4, FGF10, or FGFR2. Here, we describe a female neonate who died at 4 hours of life due to severe respiratory distress related to AcDys diagnosed by postmortem histopathologic evaluation. Genomic analyses revealed a novel deleterious heterozygous missense variant c.728A>C (p.Asn243Thr) in TBX4 that arose …

Diagnostic And Prognostic Performance Of The Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio In Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Meta-Analysis Of 90 Studies Including 45 990 Patients, Michał Pruc, Jacek Kubica, Maciej Banach, Damian Swieczkowski, Zubaid Rafique, William Frank Peacock, Zbigniew Siudak, Krzysztof Kurek, Prabath Nanayakkara, Łukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is likely to rise. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is consequent on inflammation. As a common and cost-effective inflammatory biomarker, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be beneficial in cardiovascular medicine.

Aims: This meta-analysis examines the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the NLR in ACS.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed Central, Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrial.gov databases. The search spanned from databases inception to January 10, 2024. The findings were aggregated into normalized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Ninety articles, with 45 990 …

Empowering Low-Income Patients With Home Blood Pressure Monitors To Improve Hypertension Control, Arindam Sarkar, Chinwe Nwokocha, Susan G Nash, Larissa Grigoryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Effective management of hypertension (HTN) is a priority in primary care. With telehealth now considered a staple care delivery method, uninsured and low-income patients without home blood pressure (BP) monitors may need additional attention and resources to achieve successful HTN control.

Methods: This prospective study at an underserved community clinic assessed the impact of distributing free BP monitors on patients' HTN control and therapy adherence. Enrollees were randomized into 2 groups, both completing 4 primary care physician (PCP) visits over a 6-month study period. Intervention participants collected home BP readings to report to their PCP and comparison participants completed …

Outcomes From An Interprofessional, Dementia-Focused, Telementoring Program: A Brief Report, Julianna Fernandez, Kathryn S Agarwal, Amber B Amspoker, Kyler M Godwin, Erial Green, Sabrina Pickens, Jasmin Lindo, Ali Abbas Asghar-Ali

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite a burgeoning older-adult population, the number of healthcare professionals with geriatric expertise continues to lag behind. In 2014, the American Geriatrics Society’s position statement encouraged interprofessional training for healthcare professionals. Telementoring remotely connects clinicians with specialists for education and group mentoring. This dementia-focused, 11-month, 1-hour each, telementoring program was modeled on the Alzheimer’s Association ECHO. Our interprofessional expert panel consisted of a geriatrician, a geriatric psychiatrist, an adult nurse practitioner (with geriatrics expertise), 2 geriatric pharmacists, a licensed social worker (coordinating a dementia day program), and a project coordinator. Learners were residents in family medicine and general psychiatry, physician …

Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training On Autonomic And Endothelial Function In Persons With Parkinson's Disease, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Jill Jumper, Lindsay Spindler, Pricilla Wyatt, Darryn Willoughby

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Autonomic dysfunction precedes endothelial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes blood pressure and circulation abnormalities that are highly disruptive to one's quality of life. While exercise interventions have proven helpful for motor symptoms of PD, improving associated non-motor symptoms is limited. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LIRT-BFR) improves autonomic dysfunction in non-PD patients and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is recommended for motor symptom improvements for people with PD (PwPD).

Objective: To determine the effects of LIRT-BFR and HIRT on homocysteine and autonomic and endothelial function in PwPD and to determine the hemodynamic loads during LIRT-BFR and …

Fluoxetine And Sertraline Inhibit Height Growth And Growth Hormone Signaling During Puberty, Chadi Calarge, Chima Amushie, Stephanie Dinh, James A Mills, Sridevi Devaraj, Griselda Barba-Villalobos, Jacqueline Nguyen, Jose M Garcia, Stephanie Sisley, Fida Bacha, Babette Zemel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fluoxetine and sertraline on height growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) during puberty.

Methods: In this 6-month cohort study, electronic medical records were used to identify 8- to 15-year-old participants, within 1 month of starting fluoxetine (n = 39) or sertraline (n = 27), and sexual maturation stages 2 to 4 were confirmed. Conditions that interfere with height growth led to exclusion. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments and phlebotomy. Healthy, unmedicated children (n = 36) also provided anthropometric data.

Results: After the baseline height Z-score, sex, Tanner stage, daily …

High-Fat Diets Promote Peritoneal Inflammation And Augment Endometriosis-Associated Abdominal Hyperalgesia, Tristin Herup-Wheeler, Mingxin Shi, Madeleine E Harvey, Chandni Talwar, Ramakrishna Kommagani, James A Maclean, Kanako Hayashi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Immune dysfunction is one of the central components in the development and progression of endometriosis by establishing a chronic inflammatory environment. Western-style high-fat diets (HFD) have been linked to greater systemic inflammation to cause metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases, and are also considered an environmental risk factor for gynecologic diseases. Here, we aimed to examine how HFD cause an inflammatory environment in endometriosis and discern their contribution to endometriotic-associated hyperalgesia. Our results showed that HFD-induced obesity enhanced abdominal hyperalgesia that was induced by endometriotic lesions. Peritoneal inflammatory macrophages and cytokine levels increased by lesion induction were elevated by chronic exposure …

Systemic Complications Of Aicardi Goutières Syndrome Using Real-World Data, Isabella Peixoto De Barcelos, Amanda K Jan, Nicholson Modesti, Sarah Woidill, Francesco Gavazzi, David Isaacs, Russell D'Aiello, Anjana Sevagamoorthy, Lauren Charlton, Amy Pizzino, Johanna Schmidt, Keith Van Haren, Stephanie Keller, Florian Eichler, Lisa T Emrick, Jamie L Fraser, Justine Shults, Adeline Vanderver, Laura A Adang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic interferonopathy associated with diverse multisystemic complications. A critical gap exists in our understanding of its longitudinal, systemic disease burden, complicated by delayed diagnosis. To address this need, real-world data extracted from existing medical records were used to characterize the longitudinal disease burden.

Methods: All subjects (n = 167) with genetically confirmed AGS enrolled in the Myelin Disorders Biorepository Project (MDBP) were included. As available in medical records, information was collected on subject demographics, age of onset, and disease complications. Information from published cases of AGS (2007-2022; n = 129) with individual-level …

A Pilot Study Of A Scalable Training Programme For Coaches Delivering Webstair, Sherry Yam, Jamie S Kim, Annapoorna Ayyagari, Julianna Hogan, Jan A Lindsay, Marylene Cloitre

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Accessible, low-cost digital programmes are emerging as a means by which to address high rates of mental health problems. However, the development and assessment of scalable training programmes for effective use of digital interventions has lagged. This is particularly important, as coach-supported digital interventions provide benefits that substantially and consistently exceed those of programmes that are entirely self-guided.

Objectives: This report describes the evaluation of a brief coach training programme consisting of a two-hour workshop and six 1-hour consultation sessions for delivery of webSTAIR, a 10-module transdiagnostic web-based programme for trauma-exposed populations.

Method: The training was provided to 68 …

High Prevalence Of A-Β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes In Children With Type 2 Diabetes And Diabetic Ketoacidosis At Diagnosis: Evidence From The Rare And Atypical Diabetes Network (Radiant), Elizabeth Kubota-Mishra, Xiaofan Huang, Charles G Minard, Marcela Astudillo, Ahmad Refaey, Graciela Montes, Stephanie Sisley, Nalini Ram, William E Winter, Rochelle N Naylor, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Maria J Redondo, Mustafa Tosur, Radiant Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND:A−β+ ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) in adults is characterized by presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), negative islet autoantibodies, and preserved β-cell function in persons with a phenotype of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of KPD has not been evaluated in children. We investigated children with DKA at “T2D” onset and determined the prevalence and characteristics of pediatric A−β+ KPD within this cohort.

METHODS: We reviewed the records of 716 children with T2D at a large academic hospital and compared clinical characteristics of those with and without DKA at onset. In the …

Inhibition Of Src-3 As A Potential Therapeutic Strategy For Aggressive Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Imani Bijou, Yang Liu, Dong Lu, Jianwei Chen, Shelby Sloan, Lapo Alinari, David M Lonard, Bert W O'Malley, Michael Wang, Jin Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a poor prognosis and high relapse rates despite current therapies, necessitating novel treatment regimens. Inhibition of SRC-3 show effectiveness in vivo and in vitro in other B cell lymphomas. Additionally, previous studies have shown that SRC-3 is highly expressed in the lymph nodes of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, suggesting SRC-3 may play a role in the progression of B cell lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate novel SRC-3 inhibitors, SI-10 and SI-12, in mantle cell lymphoma. The cytotoxic effects of SI-10 and SI-12 were evaluated in vitro and demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in a panel …

Select Gut Microbiota Impede Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy, Vu L Ngo, Yanling Wang, Yadong Wang, Zhenda Shi, Robert Britton, Jun Zou, Sasirekha Ramani, Baoming Jiang, Andrew T Gewirtz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The protection provided by rotavirus (RV) vaccines is highly heterogeneous among individuals. We hypothesized that microbiota composition might influence RV vaccine efficacy.

METHODS: First, we examined the potential of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization to influence RV vaccine efficacy in mice. Next, we probed the influence of human microbiomes on RV vaccination via administering mice fecal microbial transplants (FMTs) from children with robust or minimal RV vaccine responsiveness. Post-FMT, mice were subjected to RV vaccination followed by RV challenge.

RESULTS: SFB colonization induced a phenotype that was reminiscent of RV vaccine failure (ie, failure to generate RV …

Parkinson's Disease And Other Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementia Pathologies And The Progression Of Parkinsonism In Older Adults, Aron S Buchman, Lei Yu, Shahram Oveisgharan, Andrea R Zammit, Tianhao Wang, Joshua M Shulman, Veronique Vanderhorst, Sukrit Nag, David A Bennett

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The interrelationship of parkinsonism, Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) pathologies is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the progression of parkinsonian signs in adults with and without parkinsonism, and their underlying brain pathologies.

METHODS: Annual parkinsonian signs were based on a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. We used linear mixed effects models to compare the progression of parkinsonian signs in 3 groups categorized based on all available clinical evaluations: Group1 (never parkinsonism or clinical PD), Group2 (ever parkinsonism, but never clinical PD), Group3 (ever clinical PD). In decedents, we examined …

Ispad Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, And Strategies To Preserve Beta-Cell Function In Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Michael J Haller, Kirstine J Bell, Rachel E J Besser, Kristina Casteels, Jenny J Couper, Maria E Craig, Helena Elding Larsson, Laura Jacobsen, Karin Lange, Tal Oron, Emily K Sims, Cate Speake, Mustafa Tosur, Francesca Ulivi, Anette-G Ziegler, Diane K Wherrett, M Loredana Marcovecchio

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This guideline serves as an update to the 2022 ISPAD consensus guideline on staging for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Key additions include an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening for risk of T1D and monitoring those with early-stage T1D. In addition, a review of clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and efforts seeking to preserve beta-cell function in those with Stage 3 …

Leveraging Mhealth To Mitigate The Impact Of Covid-19 In Black American Communities: Qualitative Analysis, Kelly M Harris, Tilicia Mayo Gamble, Madelyn G Yoo, Lindsay A Spell, Timira N Minor, Holly Jones, Donald Lynch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 remains an ongoing public health crisis. Black Americans remain underrepresented among those vaccinated and overrepresented in both COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Medical misinformation, specifically related to COVID-19, has exacerbated the impact of the disease in Black American communities. Communication tools and strategies to build relationships and disseminate credible and trustworthy diagnostic and preventative health information are necessary to improve outcomes and equity for historically oppressed populations.

OBJECTIVE: As the initial phase of a larger mixed methods project to develop, pilot, and evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) intervention among a population at high risk for COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities, …

Comparative Genomics Reveals The Correlations Of Stress Response Genes And Bacteriophages In Developing Antibiotic Resistance Of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus, Kailun Zhang, Robert F Potter, Jamie Marino, Carol E Muenks, Matthew G Lammers, Jennifer Dien Bard, Tanis C Dingle, Romney Humphries, Lars F Westblade, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Gautam Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of A Scalable Online Weight Management Programme In Clinical Settings: Protocol For The Props 2.0 Programme (Partnerships For Reducing Overweight And Obesity With Patient-Centered Strategies 2.0), Joann Cho, Sarah H Noonan, Richard Fay, Caroline M Apovian, Ashley C Mccarthy, Alexander J Blood, Lipika Samal, Naomi Fisher, John E Orav, Jorge Plutzky, Jason P Block, David Westfall Bates, Ronen Rozenblum, Michela Tucci, Marian Mcpartlin, Willam J Gordon, Katherine D Mcmanus, Cheryl Morrison-Deutsch, Benjamin M Scirica, Heather J Baer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

           Introduction: There is an urgent need for scalable strategies for treating overweight and obesity in clinical settings. PROPS 2.0 (Partnerships for Reducing Overweight and Obesity with Patient-Centered Strategies 2.0) aims to adapt and implement the combined intervention from the PROPS Study at scale, in a diverse cross-section of patients and providers.

Methods and analysis: We are implementing PROPS 2.0 across a variety of clinics at Brigham and Women's Hospital, targeting enrolment of 5000 patients. Providers can refer patients or patients can self-refer. Eligible patients must be ≥20 years old and have a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m^{2 …}

Rapidiron Trial Follow-Up Study - The Rapidiron-Kids Study: Protocol Of A Prospective Observational Follow-Up Study, Richard Derman, Roopa Bellad, Mrutyunjaya Bellad, Jesse Bradford-Rogers, Michael Georgieff, Zubair Aghai, Simal Thind, Michael Auerbach, Rupsa Boelig, Benjamin Leiby, Vanessa Short, S. Yogeshkumar, Umesh Charantimath, Manjunath Somannavar, Ashalata Mallapur, Ramesh Pol, Umesh Ramadurg, Radha Sangavi, Basavaraj Peerapur, Nasima Banu, Praveen Patil, Amaresh Patil, Subarna Roy, Phaniraj Vastrad, Dennis Wallace, Hemang Shah, Shivaprasad Goudar

Global Health Articles

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a worldwide problem with iron deficiency being the most common cause. When anemia occurs in pregnancy, it increases the risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. It induces preterm births and low birth weight (LBW) deliveries, long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, and an increased risk of earlier onset of postnatal iron deficiency. Anemia rates are among the highest in South Asia, and India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) for 2019-2021 indicated that over half of pregnant women, and more than 65% of children, in the country are classified as anemic (Sciences IIfP, National Family Health Survey-5, 2019-21, India …

The Effect Of Postoperative Naloxone In Certain Otolaryngologic Surgeries, Natalie M. Perlov, Sohan S. Shah, Joann Bluj, Zachary D. Urdang, Rebecca C. Chiffer

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of postoperative naloxone with the development of new substance use disorder (SUD), overdose, and death within 6 months of otolaryngologic surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort database study on TriNetX.

METHODS: Adult patients who underwent tonsil surgery (noncancerous), thyroid/parathyroid, septorhinoplasty, otology/neurotology, sinus/anterior skull base, and head and neck cancer surgeries between January 2003 and April 2023. Patients were excluded if they had an instance of SUD or overdose recorded in their charts prior to surgery, or had undergone another surgery within that 6-month time frame. We hypothesized that patients prescribed naloxone postoperatively would have decreased odds …

Mental Health Differences In Medical Students Based On Curriculum And Gender, Maxim Jestin, Shelly Sharma, Deval Jhaveri, Brittany Mitchell, Dean Micciche, Venkat Venkataraman, Kathryn Lambert

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental health struggles among students in medical school is widely reported; however, little is known about how it is impacted by the medical school curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate differences in anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion in medical students based on gender, class year, and curriculum.

METHODS: An anonymous online survey consisting of questions from established, validated questionnaires about demographics, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and personal health behaviors was sent to 817 medical students who attended Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine during the Spring of 2021. When applying to this school, each of these students …

Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Priya Dondapati, Reese Simmons, Macall Leslie, John Langenheim, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, Aubrey Rottschaefer, Rashmi Pathak, Shreya Nuguri, Kar-Ming Fung, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Inna Chervoneva, Hallgeir Rui, Takemi Tanaka

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

ncreased breast cancer (BC) mortality risk posed by delayed surgical resection of tumor after diagnosis is a growing concern, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our cohort analyses of early-stage BC patients reveal the emergence of a significantly rising mortality risk when the biopsy-to-surgery interval was extended beyond 53 days. Additionally, histology of post-biopsy tumors shows prolonged retention of a metastasis-permissive wound stroma dominated by M2-like macrophages capable of promoting cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. We show that needle biopsy promotes systemic dissemination of cancer cells through a mechanism of sustained activation of the COX-2/PGE₂/EP2 feedforward loop, …

Biomarkers Of Affective Dysregulation Associated With In Utero Exposure To Etoh, Nune Darbinian, Nana Merabova, Gabriel Tatevosian, Mary Morrison, Armine Darbinyan, Huaqing Zhao, Laura Goetzl, Michael Edgar Selzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) exhibit behavioral and affective dysregulation, including hyperactivity and depression. The mechanisms are not known, but they could conceivably be due to postnatal social or environmental factors. However, we postulate that, more likely, the affective dysregulation is associated with the effects of EtOH exposure on the development of fetal serotonergic (5-HT) and/or dopaminergic (DA) pathways, i.e., pathways that in postnatal life are believed to regulate mood. Many women who use alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) during pregnancy suffer from depression and take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which might influence these monoaminergic pathways in the …

Nucleus Accumbens Core Single Cell Ensembles Bidirectionally Respond To Experienced Versus Observed Aversive Events, Oyku Dinckol, Noah Harris Wenger, Jennifer E Zachry, Munir Gunes Kutlu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear learning manifests itself through direct experience of the aversive event or social transmission of aversive stimuli such as observing and acting on conspecifics' distress. The neuronal network underlying the social transmission of information largely overlaps with the brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. In this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging of calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge imaging methodology not only allows us to record activity patterns …

Lesion Detection In Women Breast’S Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning, Sudarshan Saikia, Tapas Si, Darpan Deb, Kangkana Bora, Saurav Mallik, Ujjwal Maulik, Zhongming Zhao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and the second foremost cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer. Recent technological advances in breast cancer treatment offer hope to millions of women in the world. Segmentation of the breast's Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) is one of the necessary tasks in the diagnosis and detection of breast cancer. Currently, a popular deep learning model, U-Net is extensively used in biomedical image segmentation. This article aims to advance the state of the art and conduct a more in-depth analysis with a focus on the use …

Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence In College Students With Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms: A Pilot Study, Kathleen Beigh

Doctors of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Projects, 2020-current

Approximately one in five individuals in the United States has had a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Individuals between 15 to 24 years are considered a ‘higher risk’ for developing new STIs than other age groups. Many STIs are treatable but difficult to detect and carry significant health implications. Chlamydia and gonorrhea can be treated effectively with antibiotics if detected early. STIs are challenging to diagnose due to having few or no symptoms and often go undetected and untreated. A specific concern related to STIs is misdiagnosis as a lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) only in persons born with a vagina …