Digital Commons Network^™

From The Democratic Republic Of The Congo To North Carolina: An Examination Of Chronic Disease Risk, Lauren R. Sastre Dr.

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo are one of the largest refugee groups globally and in the US, however, there is limited research with this group. Therefore, objectives of this study were to examine: 1) obesity and hypertension rates, 2) diet and lifestyle behavior changes, and 3) diet, lifestyle and social factors of obesity and hypertension risk of Congolese refugees in the US. This cross-sectional data collection utilized a survey developed specifically for this project. Clinical and anthropometric measures including height, weight and blood pressure were also obtained. Data analysis included descriptive and regression analysis. Participants (n=48, >18 …

Exercise Training Impacts Skeletal Muscle Clock Machinery In Prediabetes, Melissa L. Erickson, H. U.I. Zhang, Jacob T. Mey, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose Disruption of the skeletal muscle molecular clock leads to metabolic disease, whereas exercise may be restorative, leading to improvements in metabolic health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk exercise intervention on skeletal muscle molecular clock machinery in adults with obesity and prediabetes, and determine whether these changes were related to exercise-induced improvements in metabolic health. Methods Twenty-six adults (age, 66 ± 4.5 yr; body mass index (BMI), 34 ± 3.4 kg·m-2; fasting plasma glucose, 105 ± 15 mg·dL-1) participated in a 12-wk exercise intervention and were fully provided isoenergetic diets. Body composition …

The Science Of Dietary Fat, Elisabet Borsheim

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

Dr. Elisabet Borsheim shares about the science of dietary fat with these learning objectives:

-Define functions of fat for humans

-Define types of dietary fat

-Identify Dietary Guidelines for fat intake

-Identify effects of exercise on fat metabolism

-Identify effects of meal timing on fat metabolism

Rats Genetically Selected For High Aerobic Exercise Capacity Have Elevated Plasma Bilirubin By Upregulation Of Hepatic Biliverdin Reductase-A (Bvra) And Suppression Of Ugt1a1, Terry D. Hinds Jr., Justin F. Creeden, Darren M. Gordon, Adam C. Spegele, Steven L. Britton, Lauren G. Koch, David E. Stec

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Exercise in humans and animals increases plasma bilirubin levels, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In the present study, we utilized rats genetically selected for high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR) to determine pathways in the liver that aerobic exercise modifies to control plasma bilirubin. The HCR rats, compared to the LCR, exhibited significantly higher levels of plasma bilirubin and the hepatic enzyme that produces it, biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA). The HCR also had reduced expression of the glucuronyl hepatic enzyme UGT1A1, which lowers plasma bilirubin. Recently, bilirubin has been shown to activate the peroxisome …

Establishing A Methodology For Conducting A Rapid Review On Wearable Technology Reliability And Validity In Applied Settings, Brenna Barrios, Bryson Carrier, Brayden Jolley, Dustin W. Davis, Jacquelyn Sertic, James W. Navalta

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• Wearable technology is becoming increasingly popular with new devices entering the market frequently, but with disproportionality less research being conducted on the reliability and validity in field settings, outside of the laboratory.
• This paper details the methodology of gathering research based on the principals of a rapid review, using these points of application: inclusion criteria of studies (databases), search terms (data to be extracted), and how research will be conducted (narrowing articles and assessing bias).
• Point of application #1: Inclusion criteria are described well as potential databases used, allowing a means of not only systematically gathering information, but also the …

The Impact Of Narratives And Active Video Games On Long-Term Moderate-To-Vigorous Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol, Dar Alon, Caio Victor Sousa, Tom Baranowski, Tiago V Barreira, Romina Cabrera-Perez, Kelly Chiu, Austin Fernandez, Amy Fleischman, Shirley Huang, Jungyun Hwang, Melanie C Green, I-Min Lee, Kelly Lee, Sarah Lessard, Lynne L Levitsky, Aika Misawa, Farzad Noubary, Ronald Samuels, Kyung Jin Sun, Debbe Thompson, Amy S Lu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Although physical activity (PA) has been shown in helping prevent and treat obesity, current PA interventions are still not effective in ameliorating the obesity epidemic. Additional forms of PA need to be investigated to improve PA engagement and outcomes. We hypothesize that pairing a narrative (i.e., story) with an active video game (AVG), a less traditional form of PA, will increase participant engagement in PA. This paper presents the rationale, implementation, and pilot results of a study assessing the effect of narrative's impact on PA and a series of other health outcomes.

Objective: This paper presents the rationale, implementation, …

The Process And Effects Of Ultrarunning, Ellis Ulery

Honors Projects

This project uses an in-depth research study and personal account to determine what it takes to run a 12-hour running event, the appeal of ultrarunning, and what can be learned through the experience. The project explains the efforts behind the specific preparation for this ultramarathon, the final distance of 47.3 miles ran in 12 hours, the evaluation of the enhanced mental state achieved while running, an explanation of the final results through the Central Governor Theory, and the dissection of the study Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives that suggests why …

Impact Of 12-Weeks Of Nordic Pole Walking On Arterial Stiffness In Sedentary Overweight And Obese Adults, Arbër N. Shehu

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Arterial stiffness (AS) is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Regular aerobic exercise is considered to improve AS. Nordic walking provides important health benefits, however, the effect of this walking method as treatment for AS remains unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled study to examine the effect of a 12-week supervised group walking intervention (controlled pace, ~3000 steps/day, 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week), with (NW) and without (SW) Nordic poles, on AS in sedentary overweight and obese adults. Fourteen individuals were randomly assigned to NW (n=7; median age 54.0 years; body mass index (BMI)=31.3 kg/m²) or …

The Effects Of Exercise On The Fasting Ketone Production Curve: A Randomized Crossover Study, Landon S. Deru

Theses and Dissertations

Elevated ketone production and utilization results in a host of health benefits. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of ketone production during a prolonged fast and to evaluate how an initial bout of exercise influences this production. Mood and hunger, along with plasma insulin and glucagon, were also assessed. In this crossover study, 20 adult subjects (11 Male, 9 Female) completed two 36-hour fasts, with one protocol requiring the subject to complete an intense treadmill exercise session at the beginning of the fast. Ketone levels were assessed via blood ketone meter and recorded every two hours. …

Impact Of Ramadan Fasting On Biochemical And Exercise Parameters Among Patients Undergoing Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation, Hazem Khorshid, Adel Shabana, Osama Rifaie, Yasser Abdellatif

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: Ramadan fasting is an important worship activity for Muslims. It is not known if fasting could have deleterious effect on cardiac patients joining cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, especially during summer season.

Aim: To assess the effect of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and exercise parameters among patients undergoing 12- week exercise-based CR program. Patients and methods: 53 patients joining CR program in university hospital were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their Ramadan fasting status. Fasting group included 32 patients, while nonfasting group included 21 patients. All patients underwent supervised exercise-based CR during …

Physical Activity Interventions For Older Adults: Efficacy, Adherence And Sustainability For Stroke Prevention Outcomes, Agnieszka Suminski

DePaul Discoveries

Objective: To examine outcomes of older adults who participate in physical activity intervention programs, whether there is a significant difference in group and individual based physical activity interventions, and assess promise of older adult behavior change post-intervention. Methods: Literature review using seventeen previously published data on physical activity intervention programs for older adults. Results: Studies suggest that physical activity program intervention for older adults show improved physical and mental outcomes. Group-based interventions are more successful for program adherence. Discussion: Family and social support play a significant role in participant adherence to program physical adherence interventions, as well as sustained …

Introduction To Diet, Food, Exercise, And Nutrition (D-Fend) 2.0, Jamie Baum

Diet, Food, Exercise, and Nutrition (D-FEND)

An Introduction to project DFEND 2.0!

Dynamic Glucose Disposal Is Driven By Reduced Endogenous Glucose Production In Response To Voluntary Wheel Running: A Stable Isotope Approach, Timothy D. Allerton, Greg M. Kowalski, Hardy Hang, Jacqueline Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2020 the American Physiological Society. Dynamic glucose disposal is driven by reduced endogenous glucose production in response to voluntary wheel running: A stable isotope approach. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 319: E2-E10, 2020. First published April 28, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2019.-To resolve both the systems level and molecular mechanisms responsible for exerciseinduced improvements in glucose tolerance, we sought to test the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on postprandial glucose dynamics. We utilized a stable isotope-labeled oral glucose tolerance test (SI-OGTT) incorporating complementary deuterium glucose tracers at a 1:1 ratio (2-2H-glucose and 6-6 2H-glucose; 2g/kg lean body mass) to distinguish between …

Nutrient Timing: A Garage Door Of Opportunity?, Shawn M. Arent, Harry P. Cintineo, Bridget A. Mcfadden, Alexa Jenny Chandler, Michelle Angelique Arent

Faculty Publications

Nutrient timing involves manipulation of nutrient consumption at specific times in and around exercise bouts in an effort to improve performance, recovery, and adaptation. Its historical perspective centered on ingestion during exercise and grew to include pre- and post-training periods. As research continued, translational focus remained primarily on the impact and outcomes related to nutrient consumption during one specific time period to the exclusion of all others. Additionally, there seemed to be increasing emphasis on outcomes related to hypertrophy and strength at the expense of other potentially more impactful performance measures. As consumption of nutrients does not occur at only …

The Consequences Of Exercise-Induced Weight Loss On Food Reinforcement. A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kyle D. Flack, Harry M. Hays, Jack Moreland

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity remains a primary threat to the health of most Americans, with over 66% considered overweight or obese with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater. A common treatment option many believe to be effective, and therefore turn to, is exercise. However, the amount of weight loss from exercise training is often disappointingly less than expected with greater amounts of exercise not always promoting greater weight loss. Increases in energy intake have been prescribed as the primary reason for this lack of weight loss success with exercise. Research has mostly focused on alterations in hormonal mediators …

Linking Activity, Nutrition, And Child Health (Launch): Protocol For A Longitudinal Cohort Study Of Children As They Develop From Infancy To Preschool Age, Russell R. Pate, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Kerry Cordan, Marsha Dowda, Alexander C. Mclain, Myriam E. Torres, William H. Brown, Agnes Bucko, Emily R. Shull

Faculty Publications

Background

Physical activity is known to provide important health benefits in children ages 3 years and above, but little is known about the effects of physical activity on health in very young children under age 3. LAUNCH (Linking Activity, Nutrition, and Child Health) is a study designed to expand the body of knowledge on development of physical activity behavior and associations between physical activity and other health characteristics as children transition from infancy to preschool age.

Methods

Physical activity and sedentary behavior will be measured objectively in young children over a period of 30 months. Each child will complete a …

Acute Maltodextrin Supplementation During Resistance Exercise, Dylan T Wilburn, Steven B Machek, Thomas D Cardaci, Paul S Hwang, Darryn S Willoughby

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Most of the research investigating the ergogenic enhancing mechanisms of carbohydrate have been conducted using aerobic based exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-exercise maltodextrin ingestion on resistance exercise performance, serum insulin, epinephrine, glucose, and muscle glycogen concentrations. In a double blind, cross over, repeated measures design, participants completed four sets to failure at 70% of 1-RM with 45s rest on the angled leg press with or without pre-exercise maltodextrin (2g/kg) after a 3hr fast. Serum glucose, epinephrine, and insulin were assessed at baseline, 30 min post-ingestion, immediately after, and 1hr post-exercise with …

Empowering Newly Diagnosed Patients With Hypertension In Reducing Complications Through Self-Managed Care, Ana Pacis

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Background: High blood pressure affects millions of people, including children and adults. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in every 3 adults or approximately 75 million American adults are affected with high blood pressure. High blood pressure often does not cause any signs and symptoms, which is why it is also known as the “silent killer,” and many people are not aware that they have elevated blood pressure (AHA, 2017). If high blood pressure is not controlled, it can lead to other heart diseases such as stroke. It can also cause other health problems, …

The Athletic Gut Microbiota, Alex E. Mohr, Ralf Jäger, Katie C. Carpenter, Chad M. Kerksick, Martin Purpura, Jeremy R. Townsend, Nicholas P. West, Katherine Black, Michael Gleeson, David B. Pyne, Shawn D. Wells, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Richard B. Kreider, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock, Jonathan Scheiman, Craig J. Wissent, Marco Pane, Douglas S. Kalman, Jamie N. Pugh, Carmen P. Ortega-Santos, Jessica A. Ter Haar, Paul J. Arciero, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response, collectively contributing to human health. Important factors such as age, birth method, antibiotic use, and diet have been established as formative factors that shape the gut microbiota. Yet, less described is the role that exercise plays, particularly how associated factors and stressors, such as sport/exercise-specific diet, environment, and their interactions, may influence the gut microbiota. In particular, high-level athletes offer remarkable physiology and metabolism (including muscular strength/power, aerobic capacity, energy expenditure, and heat production) compared to sedentary …

Supplements That Affect Cortisol Concentrations During High Intensity Exercise, Sophia Pelehach

Honors Scholar Theses

The body is exposed to excessive stress during high intensity exercise. There has been much research conducted about the effectiveness of certain supplements in limiting stress due to exercise. Cortisol is a permissive hormone that is secreted in response to stress, so cortisol concentrations can be used as a method of evaluating stress. This paper summarizes research conducted on various supplements and their effect on reducing stress during high intensity exercise. Focus is on cortisol concentrations in participants before and after completion of exercise when given various supplements. The most common supplements were determined to be amino acids, electrolytes, antioxidants, …

Is Fitspiration Truly An Inspiration? How Social Media Accounts Dedicated To Fitness And Nutrition Affect Physical Activity Levels And Body Image Among College Students, Anna Bowles

Honors Theses

Fitspiration accounts on social media are established to influence those that view or follow them to live a healthier lifestyle. However, just because these accounts are being viewed does not mean that the individuals are following the advice of these influencers. The purpose of this study is to gather data on how physical activity levels and body image are affected by the use, or knowledge of “fitspiration,” or inspiration on fitness and nutrition, accounts on social media among students at the University of Mississippi. The participants were 361 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 at the University …

Physiological And Perceptual Responses To Various Types Of Exercise, Jenna Thompson

Honors Theses

Previously, we found that variable-intensity exercise (VIIE) was more enjoyable than high-intensity interval exercise (HIIT), but the physiological stress was reduced. This study will examine exercise intensity, energy expenditure (EE), and perceptual responses during and after moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), HIIT, and VIIE. On separate days, the three work-matched bouts of exercise (MIE, HIIT, & VIIE) were randomized and performed. Oxygen consumption, heart rate (HR), and muscle oxygenation were collected over the entire bout for all conditions. OMNI ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect, via Feelings Scale, were measured in-exercise and enjoyment was measured post-exercise using the physical activity enjoyment …

Association Of Multisetting Community Programs And Policies With Child Body Mass Index: The Healthy Communities Study, Vicki L. Collie-Akers, Stephen B. Fawcett, Jerry A. Schultz, Kandace K. Fleming, Rebecca E. Swinburne Romine, Lorrene D. Ritchie, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., S Sonia Arteaga

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION:

Expert opinion suggests that efforts to address childhood obesity should seek to transform the environments in which children operate. The objective of this study was to describe the extent to which multisetting programs and policies interact with community and child predictors and are associated with child body mass index (BMI) in the 130 US communities participating in the Healthy Communities Study.

METHODS:

For 2 years beginning in fall 2013, we collected data through key informant interviews on community programs and policies related to healthy weight among children that occurred in the 10 years before the interview. We characterized community …

The Impact Of Acute Exercise On Factor Viii In Young E-Cigarette Smokers, Andrew R. Allen

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Abstract

Background: There is a strong association between factor VIII (FVIII) and presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a known trigger for myocardial infarction, and the majority of ischemic events from physical stress occur due to an occlusive thrombus. FVIII increases acutely with exercise and remains elevated hours after exercise. Furthermore, FVIII is also higher in cigarette smokers, however, it has not been investigated in e-cigarette smokers. The purpose of this study is to identify potential differences in FVIII before exercise, after exercise, and its magnitude of change in e-cigarette users versus non-users.

Methods: Eighteen individuals (8 …

The Food Choice Magician: The Dietician, Sylvia E. Martinez

Cohort VIII

Poor or inadequate caloric intake can hinder the improvement of comorbidities treated in primary care settings. Metabolic syndrome is major health concern that encompasses surplus of energy, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles (Kaur, 2014). The notion to develop and implement a multidisciplinary approach to improve the overall health of the community was the driving force of this quality improvement project to target metabolic syndromes. Following a 10-day reflective practice, those with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes all had the necessity of dietary modifications to promote healthy food choices to ameliorate comorbidities and improve overall health. Literature reviewed outlined the significance of intervention …

An Investigation Of Treatments For The Prevention Of Metabolic Complications For Women Suffering From Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Diet, Exercise, Weight Reduction And Herbal Remedies, Brenda Martinez-Puente

Nursing | Senior Theses

The purpose of this research study is to compare the views of traditional versus alternative treatments available to women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) suffering from metabolic complications. Alternative treatments include diet, exercise, herbal remedies, or any combination of the three. Pharmacological interventions for the conditions associated with PCOS such as metformin, used to control glucose levels, and clomiphene, used to treat infertility. Through the literature review, articles show herbs and plant products to have similar mechanisms of actions as the pharmacological interventions, but with less side effects. For example, cinnamon was shown to increase insulin sensitivity and pomegranate juice …

The Athletic Gut Microbiota, Alex E. Mohr, Ralf Jäger, Katie C. Carpenter, Chad M. Kerksick, Martin Purpura, Jeremy R. Townsend, Nicholas P. West, Katherine Black, Michael Gleeson, David B. Pyne, Shawn D. Wells, Shawn M. Arent, Richard B. Kreider, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock, Jonathan Scheiman, Craig J. Wissent, Marco Pane, Douglas S. Kalman, Jamie N. Pugh, Carmen P. Ortega-Santos, Jessica A. Ter Haar, Paul J. Arciero, Jose Antonio

Faculty Scholarship

The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in nutrient uptake, vitamin synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune response, collectively contributing to human health. Important factors such as age, birth method, antibiotic use, and diet have been established as formative factors that shape the gut microbiota. Yet, less described is the role that exercise plays, particularly how associated factors and stressors, such as sport/exercise-specific diet, environment, and their interactions, may influence the gut microbiota. In particular, high-level athletes offer remarkable physiology and metabolism (including muscular strength/power, aerobic capacity, energy expenditure, and heat production) compared to sedentary …

Motivating Clients To Exercise: Improving Adherence To Exercise-Based Treatment Through Psychoeducation, Reed Andrew Vierra

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Exercise has been consistently shown to have a positive effect on both physical and mental health, with past studies indicating exercise as an adjunctive treatment for diagnoses such as Major Depressive Disorder. However, despite the knowledge of exercise’s benefits, 80% of Americans do not regularly meet recommended levels of exercise in a week. Past studies have been hampered by high drop-out rates, as participants have difficulty sustaining a new exercise regimen over time. This study focused on understanding the motivational processes which sustained experienced exercisers. With the information gleaned from experienced exercisers in addition to past research on human motivation, …

Do Compression Garments Work? The Effect Of Compression Garments On Biomechanical And Physiological Factors, Andrew Craig-Jones

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

New and innovative technology is consistently being introduced to help runners gain an edge over their competition. One of the more popular ergogenic aids in running today is compression garments. It is estimated that the compression garment market will surpass $5 billion by the year 2022. Despite the popularity, there is no clear consensus as to if or why compression is effective as an ergogenic aid. Although there has been a large variety of variables tested, there is little agreement on any of them as to the effect compression has. It appears as if the rate at which compression is …

Impact Of Time-Restricted Feeding And Exercise On Immunity In Male C57bl/6 Mice, Martina Faietti

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Food intake and exercise are considered modulators of the immune system. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) protocols have been shown to reduce inflammation and alter cytokine response. The objective of this study was to determine if TRF would alter immune parameters in response to exercise. Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups; control had access to food ad libitum, TRF groups had access for six hours either immediately after running (TRF-imm) or five hours after running (TRF-del). Mice ran on the treadmill for eight weeks. Overall, TRF-imm gained less weight than control. B-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was higher in fasted groups but running …