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Analysis Of The North Atlantic Climatologies Using A Combined Ogcm/Adjoint Approach, Lisan Yu, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli Jan 1996

Analysis Of The North Atlantic Climatologies Using A Combined Ogcm/Adjoint Approach, Lisan Yu, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli

Journal of Marine Research

An exact adjoint for the full-scale Bryan-Cox primitive equation model is applied to assimilate the North Atlantic climatologies. The inverse calculation aims at searching a steady state oceanic general circulation consistent with observations, by controlling the model input parameters (such as the initial states and the upper thermal and haline boundary conditions). Two climatological hydrographies (Levitus (1982) and Fukumori and Wunsch (1991)) are used for the assimilation. This enables the examination of the sensitivity of the assimilated results to data quality. In addition, the consistency between the climatological hydrography and fluxes is discussed by examining the fits between the optimally …

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An Experimental And Modeling Study Of Ph And Related Solutes In An Irrigated Anoxic Coastal Sediment, Roberta L. Marinelli, Bernard P. Boudreau Jan 1996

An Experimental And Modeling Study Of Ph And Related Solutes In An Irrigated Anoxic Coastal Sediment, Roberta L. Marinelli, Bernard P. Boudreau

Journal of Marine Research

Macrofaunal irrigation is an important process in nearshore sediments, facilitating greater exchange between sediments and seawater and imparting significant lateral heterogeneity to the porewater profiles of many constituents. Like many macrofaunal activities, irrigation is a transient behavior, i.e. tubes and burrows are flushed periodically, at frequencies that generally are species-specific. As a result, transient concentrations within the dwelling arise, potentially impacting gradients, fluxes and reaction rates in the vicinity of the dwelling. We investigated the impact of periodic burrow irrigation on the distribution of several diagenetically important porewater constituents. Laboratory experiments evaluated irrigation periodicity using artificially irrigated tubes embedded in …

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Characterization Of The Particulate Protein In Pacific Surface Waters, Eiichiro Tanoue Jan 1996

Characterization Of The Particulate Protein In Pacific Surface Waters, Eiichiro Tanoue

Journal of Marine Research

The molecular characteristics of particulate protein in the surface waters along transects from 45N to 25S in the central Pacific are reported. The majority of particulate-combined amino acids (PCAA) was in the form of protein molecules in the samples from the northern North Pacific and Equatorial regions, namely, productive areas, while PCAA was mainly present as nonproteinaceous amino acid in the subtropical regions, namely, oligotrophic areas. Thus, it appears that the chemical form of PCAA, one of the major constituents of particulate organic matter (POM), varies meridionally. Two characteristic groups of particulate protein were identified from meridional differences in their …

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Diatom And Silicoflagellate Fluxes At The Walvis Ridge: An Environment Influenced By Coastal Upwelling In The Benguela System, Ute F. Treppke, Carina B. Lange, Barbara Donner, Gerhard Fischer, Götz Ruhland, Gerold Wefer Jan 1996

Diatom And Silicoflagellate Fluxes At The Walvis Ridge: An Environment Influenced By Coastal Upwelling In The Benguela System, Ute F. Treppke, Carina B. Lange, Barbara Donner, Gerhard Fischer, Götz Ruhland, Gerold Wefer

Journal of Marine Research

Seasonal fluctuations in the total particle, biogenic opal, diatom and silicoflagellate fluxes were observed in sediment traps deployed at 599 m and 1648 m in the Walvis Ridge area, within the Benguela upwelling system, from March 1989 to March 1990 (station WR 2: 20°02.8′S, 09°09.3′E). Fluxes were directly related to wind stress variations (wind maxima preceding flux maxima by several weeks), and inversely related to SST changes (derived from measured concentrations of C37 alkenones; range: 14.6°–23.6°C). The biogenic particle composition at different depths reflected the complicated hydrology of the area with a combination of tropical, temperate and subantarctic water …

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Variability And Sources Of The Southeastern Atlantic Circulation, Silvia L. Garzoli, Arnold L. Gordon, Vladimir Kamenkovich, Dale Pillsbury, Christopher Duncombe-Rae Jan 1996

Variability And Sources Of The Southeastern Atlantic Circulation, Silvia L. Garzoli, Arnold L. Gordon, Vladimir Kamenkovich, Dale Pillsbury, Christopher Duncombe-Rae

Journal of Marine Research

The 1992–1993 Benguela Sources and Transport (BEST) time series provide a quantitative view of the Benguela Current transport and the eddy field crossing 30S, as well as an estimate of the relation between its barotropic and baroclinic components. This is done by a simultaneous analysis of the BEST data derived from inverted echo sounders, pressure sensors, current meter moorings, CTD, and ADCP stations. The analysis of the time series indicates that the annual mean baroclinic transport of the Benguela Current is 13 Sv with a total transport of 16 Sv. Through the combination of instruments the total baroclinic plus barotropic …

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Carbon Export And Regeneration In The Coastal Upwelling System Of Monterey Bay, Central California, Cynthia H. Pilskaln, Jennifer B. Paduan, Francisco P. Chavez, Roger Y. Anderson, William M. Berelson Jan 1996

Carbon Export And Regeneration In The Coastal Upwelling System Of Monterey Bay, Central California, Cynthia H. Pilskaln, Jennifer B. Paduan, Francisco P. Chavez, Roger Y. Anderson, William M. Berelson

Journal of Marine Research

In order to quantify the role of coastal upwelling regions as source or sink areas for carbon, the relationships between particulate organic carbon (POC) production, export, remineralization, and accumulation were examined in Monterey Bay from 1989 through 1992. During a normal upwelling year (1989–90), a high positive correlation (r = 0.91) is observed between biweekly primary production and POC export at 450 m. Primary production values range from 500 mgC m−2 d−1 during the winter, to 2600 mgC m−2 d−1 in the spring and summer upwelling months. Corresponding deep-water (450 m) POC fluxes vary from …

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The Dynamics Of Benthic Nutrient Pools And Fluxes In Tropical Mangrove Forests, Daniel M. Alongi Jan 1996

The Dynamics Of Benthic Nutrient Pools And Fluxes In Tropical Mangrove Forests, Daniel M. Alongi

Journal of Marine Research

Variations in benthic nutrient pools and rates of dissolved nutrient exchange between the forest floor and tidal waters were examined over a 5-yr period in mixed Rhizophora forests lining Coral Creek on Hinchinbrook Island in Queensland, Australia. Seasonal and spatial changes in redox status, porewater and solid-phase nutrients, and in exchange rates were not consistent and did not correlate with temperature. Below-ground roots, on average, accounted for ≈79%, 37% and 26% of bulk sediment TOC, total N and total P pools, respectively. Porewater nutrient concentrations were dominated by Si(OH)4+ and DON with consistently low levels of NO2 …

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The Effects Of Seagrass Patch Size And Energy Regime On Growth Of A Suspension-Feeding Bivalve, E. A. Irlandi Jan 1996

The Effects Of Seagrass Patch Size And Energy Regime On Growth Of A Suspension-Feeding Bivalve, E. A. Irlandi

Journal of Marine Research

An investigation of how the presence of seagrass and seagrass patch size in high- and low-energy environments affected growth of an infaunal bivalve (hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria) was carried out. Two general size classes of clams were used, mean length ca. 40.0 mm (41.9 mm) and mean length ca. 20.0 mm (22.3 mm and 19.0 mm), to see if growth responses were the same for large- and small-sized clams. Seagrass density, length and species composition as well as sediment characteristics were measured at high- and low-energy sites to determine if changes in seagrass and/or sediment dynamics could explain observed …

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New Similarity Solutions Of The Thermocline Equations With Vertical Variations Of Diffusion, Simon Hood Jan 1996

New Similarity Solutions Of The Thermocline Equations With Vertical Variations Of Diffusion, Simon Hood

Journal of Marine Research

Three new classes of exact solution of the thermocline equations are obtained through use of an ansatz based method (Clarkson and Kruskal, 1989), which is related to the older Classical Lie Group Method used by Salmon and Hollerbach (1991) to obtain exact solutions. The newer method has not previously been applied to oceanographic problems. Our results are more general than those of Salmon and Hollerbach in two distinct ways: we obtain new classes of solution not obtainable by the older method and, in addition, we determine solutions in which the vertical temperature diffusion profile is an arbitrary function of depth. …

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The Eastern Boundary Of The Gulf Stream Recirculation, Paul J. Marchese, Arnold L. Gordon Jan 1996

The Eastern Boundary Of The Gulf Stream Recirculation, Paul J. Marchese, Arnold L. Gordon

Journal of Marine Research

A meridionally aligned thermocline front near 60W in the subtropical North Atlantic is revealed by the 1992 Trident data set. The front separates saltier thermocline water to the east from less salty water to the west. The eastern water is subjected to excess evaporation of the subtropics, while the western water is fed by lower salinity Gulf Stream water, which derives water from the wet tropical Atlantic. It is suggested that the front marks the eastern edge of the Gulf Stream recirculation cell, hence refer to it as the recirculation front. The surface layer displays a fan-like T/S scatter above …

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Biogenic Matter Diagenesis On The Sea Floor: A Comparison Between Two Continental Margin Transects, William M. Berelson, Jim Mcmanus, Kenneth H. Coale, Kenneth S. Johnson, Tammy Kilgore, David Burdige, Cynthia Pilskaln Jan 1996

Biogenic Matter Diagenesis On The Sea Floor: A Comparison Between Two Continental Margin Transects, William M. Berelson, Jim Mcmanus, Kenneth H. Coale, Kenneth S. Johnson, Tammy Kilgore, David Burdige, Cynthia Pilskaln

Journal of Marine Research

Benthic chamber measurements of the reactants and products involved with biogenic matter diagenesis (oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCO2, alkalinity) were used to define fluxes of these solutes into and out of the sediments off southern and central California. Onshore to offshore transects indicate many similarities in benthic fluxes between these regions. The pattern of benthic organic carbon oxidation as a function of water depth, combined with published sediment trap records, suggest that the supply of organic carbon from vertical rain can just meet the sedimentary carbon oxidation + burial demand for the central California region between the …

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The Effects Of Differential Vertical Diffusion Of T And S In A Box Model Of Thermohaline Circulation, Ann E. Gargett, Bruno Ferron Jan 1996

The Effects Of Differential Vertical Diffusion Of T And S In A Box Model Of Thermohaline Circulation, Ann E. Gargett, Bruno Ferron

Journal of Marine Research

A diffusive box model, consistent with geostrophy, is proposed as an alternative to more usual advective box models of the ocean thermohaline circulation. When vertical diffusion coefficients for T and S are taken as identically equal (the normal assumption in all numerical ocean models to date), the diffusive box model exhibits both steady-state modes and time-dependent behaviors which are essentially indistinguishable from those of an advective model, under both fixed flux and mixed (T restoring) boundary conditions. The thermohaline “circulation” of the diffusive box model, however, is a combination of a convective branch and a vertical diffusive branch, involving …

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Size-Dependent, Small-Scale Dispersion Of The Capitellid Polychaete, Mediomastus Ambiseta, Jeffrey Ellis Hughes Jan 1996

Size-Dependent, Small-Scale Dispersion Of The Capitellid Polychaete, Mediomastus Ambiseta, Jeffrey Ellis Hughes

Journal of Marine Research

Small(≈cm)-scale spatial pattern of an abundant capitellid polychaete, Mediomastus ambiseta Hartman, was investigated in sediments of central Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA from fall 1988 through spring 1992. Spatial autocorrelation techniques revealed a trend of decreasing patchiness and intensity of aggregation with increasing body size of M. ambiseta during the primary period of settlement and population growth (late summer-fall). The distribution and quality of particulate organic matter may explain the observed size-dependent spatial pattern. M. ambiseta influenced the small-scale distribution and concentration of organic matter and bacteria in surficial sediment. Experiments and field studies showed that this species creates two …

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Sedimentation Of Phytoplankton During A Diatom Bloom: Rates And Mechanisms, Thomas Kiorboe, Jorgen L. S. Hansen, Alice L. Alldredge, George A. Jackson, Uta Passow, Hans G. Dam, David T. Drapeau, Anya Waite, Carlos M. Garcia Jan 1996

Sedimentation Of Phytoplankton During A Diatom Bloom: Rates And Mechanisms, Thomas Kiorboe, Jorgen L. S. Hansen, Alice L. Alldredge, George A. Jackson, Uta Passow, Hans G. Dam, David T. Drapeau, Anya Waite, Carlos M. Garcia

Journal of Marine Research

Phytoplankton blooms are uncoupled from grazing and are normally terminated by sedimentation. There are several potential mechanisms by which phytoplankton cells may settle out of the photic zone: sinking of individual cells or chains, coagulation of cells into aggregates with high settling velocities, settling of cells attached to marine snow aggregates formed from discarded larvacean houses or pteropod feeding webs, and packaging of cells into rapidly falling zooplankton fecal pellets. We quantified the relative significance of these different mechanisms during a diatom bloom in a temperate fjord, and evaluated their potential to control phytoplankton population dynamics. Overall specific sedimentation rates …

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A Key Role For Iron-Bound Phosphorus In Authigenic Apatite Formation In North Atlantic Continental Platform Sediments, Caroline P. Slomp, Eric H. G. Epping, Willem Helder, Wim Van Raaphorst Jan 1996

A Key Role For Iron-Bound Phosphorus In Authigenic Apatite Formation In North Atlantic Continental Platform Sediments, Caroline P. Slomp, Eric H. G. Epping, Willem Helder, Wim Van Raaphorst

Journal of Marine Research

A combination of pore water and solid phase analysis was used to determine whether authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) is currently forming in the sediment at two locations (OMEX I and II) on the North Atlantic continental platform Goban Spur (southwest of Ireland). Results of selective P extractions suggest that an early diagenetic redistribution of Fe-bound P to an authigenic P phase may be occurring at both stations. A steady-state diagenetic model describing the depth profiles of pore water HPO42− and three solid phase forms of P (organic P, Fe-bound P and authigenic P) was developed and applied to …

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Modeling 210pb-Derived Mixing Activity In Ocean Margin Sediments: Diffusive Versus Nonlocal Mixing, Karline Soetaert, Peter M. J. Herman, Jack J. Middelburg, C. Heip, Henko S. Destigter, Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering, E. Epping, W. Helder Jan 1996

Modeling 210pb-Derived Mixing Activity In Ocean Margin Sediments: Diffusive Versus Nonlocal Mixing, Karline Soetaert, Peter M. J. Herman, Jack J. Middelburg, C. Heip, Henko S. Destigter, Tjeerd C. E. Van Weering, E. Epping, W. Helder

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of sediment mixing on activity versus depth profiles of the radionuclide 210Pb in the upper 20 cm of the sediments has been investigated along a depth transect (208 m-4500 m, 17 stations) in the OMEX study area (Goban Spur, NE Atlantic Ocean). A hierarchical family of bioturbation/nonlocal exchange models was derived. Each member of the hierarchy includes all processes of the previous model, and adds a one- or two-parameter process. The significance of the additional parameters is tested using a one-tailed F-test. It was found that (1) in five cases there is a significant improvement when …

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A Wave-Induced Stirring Mechanism In The Mid-Depth Equatorial Ocean, Xianjin Li, Ping Chang, R. C. Pacanowski Jan 1996

A Wave-Induced Stirring Mechanism In The Mid-Depth Equatorial Ocean, Xianjin Li, Ping Chang, R. C. Pacanowski

Journal of Marine Research

A wave-induced stirring and transport mechanism for the mid-depth equatorial ocean is proposed and examined using both analytic linear equatorial wave solutions and a fully nonlinear reduced-gravity model. The study of kinematic stirring using the linear solutions suggests that a superimposition of a few simple equatorial waves can lead to strong Lagrangian stirring and transport along the equator. In particular, a combination of an annual long Rossby wave and a high-frequency Yanai wave appears to be most effective in producing strong stirring in the interior equatorial region. Further investigations of stirring properties using an inverted, fully nonlinear reduced gravity shallow-water …

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Spatial Variation In Short-Term (234th) Sediment Bioturbation Intensity Along An Organic-Carbon Gradient, Robert A. Wheatcroft, William R. Martin Jan 1996

Spatial Variation In Short-Term (234th) Sediment Bioturbation Intensity Along An Organic-Carbon Gradient, Robert A. Wheatcroft, William R. Martin

Journal of Marine Research

Natural and human-induced spatial gradients provide a useful vehicle with which to better understand diverse marine processes. On the Palos Verdes margin (S. California), historical and ongoing waste-water discharge has created an along-shelf gradient in organic C and total N, as well as various trace metals and other pollutants (e.g., DDT). To better understand the impact of such pollution on bioturbation and to develop a more general understanding of the controlling factors of sediment bioturbation intensity, a series of stations representing severely, moderately and negligibly impacted sediments was studied. Vertical profiles of the naturally occurring radionuclide, 234Th, as well …

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Sinking Particle Fluxes From The Euphotic Zone Over The Continental Slope Of An Eastern Boundary Current Region, M. A. Peña, K. L. Denman, J. R. Forbes, S. E. Calvert, R. E. Thomson Jan 1996

Sinking Particle Fluxes From The Euphotic Zone Over The Continental Slope Of An Eastern Boundary Current Region, M. A. Peña, K. L. Denman, J. R. Forbes, S. E. Calvert, R. E. Thomson

Journal of Marine Research

We analyze data from sediment traps and current meters moored at two locations 100 km apart over the Vancouver Island continental slope during the spring and summer of 1990. Time-series of sinking particle fluxes, major biogenic components (biogenic silica, calcium carbonate, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen), and stable isotopic composition (δ13Corganic and δ15Ntotal) were determined on samples obtained with sequential sediment traps moored at 200–250 m depth. Associated water property data were obtained from CTD/Rosette profiles taken during trap service periods and from current meters positioned in the surface layer and near …

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Buoyant Discharge On The Inner Continental Shelf: A Frontal Model, Richard W. Garvine Jan 1996

Buoyant Discharge On The Inner Continental Shelf: A Frontal Model, Richard W. Garvine

Journal of Marine Research

A steady state, frontal model of the arrested topographic wave type (Csanady, 1978) is developed for application to buoyant coastal discharge of large-scale and weak stratification, typically found on the inner continental shelf. The across-shore momentum balance is geostrophic, while the alongshore momentum balance includes wind stress and bottom or interfacial friction. The dynamics thus has semi-geostrophic character. No mixing dynamics is present. The model has two major purposes: first, to serve as the vehicle for a process study requiring only moderate computing resources, and second, to inquire into the general consequences of extending the original single-layer model of Csanady …

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The Flow Field Off Southwest India At 8n During The Southwest Monsoon Of August 1993, Lothar Stramma, Jürgen Fischer, Friedrich Schott Jan 1996

The Flow Field Off Southwest India At 8n During The Southwest Monsoon Of August 1993, Lothar Stramma, Jürgen Fischer, Friedrich Schott

Journal of Marine Research

The flow field off the southwest coast of India at 8N was investigated during RV Sonne cruise 89 in August 1993 by direct velocity observations from shipboard- and lowered-ADCP and geostrophic computations from CTD stations. The upper ocean between 75E and 76°52′E near the South Indian shelf was governed by a northward flow with a subsurface velocity maximum of 25 cm s−1 at about 100 m depth. This flow, organized as a poleward undercurrent hugging the continental slope, is typical for the southwest monsoon season. The northward transport in August 1993 was 4.7 Sv (1 Sverdrup = 106 …

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A Unified Model For The Generation And Fission Of Internal Tides In A Rotating Ocean, Theo Gerkema Jan 1996

A Unified Model For The Generation And Fission Of Internal Tides In A Rotating Ocean, Theo Gerkema

Journal of Marine Research

A new two-layer model consisting of generalized Boussinesq equations is derived which contains forcing terms due to barotropic tidal flow over large-amplitude bottom topography. These equations can describe both the generation of nonlinear dispersive internal tides and their disintegration into solitary waves. Special attention is paid to the effects of Coriolis dispersion (which is due to the earth's rotation). Numerical solutions based on observed oceanic conditions show convincingly that the earth's rotation can be a decisive factor at mid-latitudes in that it tends to impede the disintegration of the internal tide. Oceanic observations in the Celtic Sea and in Massachusetts …

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The Principle Of Biological Attraction, Demonstrated By The Bio-Continuum Theory Of Zooplankton Patch Dynamics, Meng Zhou, Mark E. Huntley Jan 1996

The Principle Of Biological Attraction, Demonstrated By The Bio-Continuum Theory Of Zooplankton Patch Dynamics, Meng Zhou, Mark E. Huntley

Journal of Marine Research

A theory of zooplankton and micronekton patch dynamics is developed that expressly includes animal behavior. This represents a departure from traditional models of patch dynamics, which generally treat animals as Lagrangian particles whose distributions are determined solely by processes of advection and diffusion. The “bio-continuum” theory is based on principles of statistical mechanics, and describes animal aggregations in terms of mean motion, random motion, random kinetic energy, distribution and abundance. The forces on an animal aggregation act both upon the aggregation as a whole (external forces) or between individuals (internal forces). We demonstrate here that the internal forces which serve …

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High-Frequency Baroclinic Wave Motions In An Equatorial Ocean Current And Related Temperature Fluctuations, Hong Ma Jan 1996

High-Frequency Baroclinic Wave Motions In An Equatorial Ocean Current And Related Temperature Fluctuations, Hong Ma

Journal of Marine Research

This paper uses a theoretical model to demonstrate the existence of a group of equatorially trapped, high-frequency (wave-periods shorter than one week), meso-to-small-scale (wave-lengths shorter than 100 km), baroclinic waves which are embedded in a geostrophic current with only vertical shear. Due to their relatively large vertical and meridional velocities, these high-frequency equatorial waves may play an important role in transporting momentum as well as heat energy in the vertical and transequatorial directions.

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The Dynamics Of North Brazil Current Retroflection Eddies, Hong Ma Jan 1996

The Dynamics Of North Brazil Current Retroflection Eddies, Hong Ma

Journal of Marine Research

This paper applies analytical and numerical methods to study possible causes of the formation and translation of North Brazil Current retroflection eddies. It shows that the dynamic response of the equatorial western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean to either a remote forcing which is represented by an incoming Rossby wave packet that deepens the equatorial thermocline, or to the wind forcing over the tropical Atlantic Ocean can result in northwestward translating eddies up the coast of Brazil. The numerically simulated eddies closely resemble the features of the observed North Brazil Current retroflection eddies. The formation mechanism of these eddies has …

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On Frontal And Ventilated Models Of The Main Thermocline, Simon Hood, Richard G. Williams Jan 1996

On Frontal And Ventilated Models Of The Main Thermocline, Simon Hood, Richard G. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

A new similarity approach is applied to the thermocline equations in order to examine contrasting frontal and ventilated models of the main thermocline. The method of solution involves reducing the number of independent variables of the controlling partial differential equation, leading to a particular form for the solutions which satisfy appropriate boundary conditions. A frontal model of the thermocline is obtained following the study of Salmon and Hollerbach (1991). When the vertical diffusivity becomes vanishingly small, an interior front in the subtropical gyre appears at the depth where the vertical velocity changes sign. The front separates downwelling warm water in …

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A Study Of The Omega Equation For Diagnosing Vertical Motions At Ocean Fronts, Jean-Michel Pinot, Joaquin Tintoré, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1996

A Study Of The Omega Equation For Diagnosing Vertical Motions At Ocean Fronts, Jean-Michel Pinot, Joaquin Tintoré, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

Estimation of vertical velocity is a key issue for understanding ocean physics and transport of biogeochemical tracers. We examine the accuracy of estimating vertical velocity in fronts with the omega equation. The diagnostic performance of the omega equation is evaluated by using vertical velocities obtained from simulation of frontal instabilities in a primitive equation model as a reference. We use two traditional quasigeostrophic methods in which the flow is either a geostrophic flow computed from density or a nondivergent flow derived from vorticity and also test two new formulations: a quasigeostrophic method using the total flow field and the semigeostrophic …

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Application Of A Barotropic Model To North Atlantic Synoptic Sea Level Variability, Richard J. Greatbatch, Youyu Lu, Brad De Young Jan 1996

Application Of A Barotropic Model To North Atlantic Synoptic Sea Level Variability, Richard J. Greatbatch, Youyu Lu, Brad De Young

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic, shallow-water model of the North Atlantic is used to investigate variability in adjusted sea level on time scales of a few days to a few months (by “adjusted,” we mean that the inverse barometer is removed from both the model-computed sea level and the observations). The model has 1/3° × 0.4° resolution in latitude and longitude, respectively, and is forced using atmospheric pressure and wind stress data derived from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF, 1994) analyses. The model results are compared with coastal tide gauge data. Along the western boundary, from St. John's, Newfoundland, to …

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Dispersion Of Wind-Induced Inertial Waves By A Barotropic Jet, P. Klein, A. M. Treguier Jan 1995

Dispersion Of Wind-Induced Inertial Waves By A Barotropic Jet, P. Klein, A. M. Treguier

Journal of Marine Research

This note attempts to reinterpret previous results on the dispersion of wind-induced inertial waves by a geostrophic barotropic jet in the ocean. The approach is to consider the jet vorticity influence on the different baroclinic modes using a vertical normal mode expansion. Numerical and analytical analysis of the linear equations shows that vorticity effects on a single baroclinic mode strongly depend on the ratio of its Rossby radius and the length scale of the geostrophic vorticity: trapping of the near-inertial energy occurs when this ratio is small. When this ratio is of order one, inertial waves are almost unaffected by …

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Refractory Organic Compounds In Polar Waters: Relationship Between Humic Substances And Amino Acids In The Arctic And Antarctic, Ulrike Hubberten, Rubén J. Lara, Gerhard Kattner Jan 1995

Refractory Organic Compounds In Polar Waters: Relationship Between Humic Substances And Amino Acids In The Arctic And Antarctic, Ulrike Hubberten, Rubén J. Lara, Gerhard Kattner

Journal of Marine Research

A synopsis of data on the amino acid compositions of Arctic and Antarctic seawater, XAD-fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and suspended particulate organic material (POM) is presented. Total dissolved amino acids (TDAA) correlated highly significantly with dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), representing about 11% of DON in unfractionated filtered seawater. Average DON values were similar with ca. 3–4 μM N in the Arctic and Antarctic. Differences in amino acid distribution and composition patterns in particulate and dissolved material suggest the selective preservation or utilization of certain amino acids. In POM, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and serine made up …

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