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Articles 1981 - 2010 of 2567

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Measurements Of Particle Motions In Ocean Waves, David H. Shonting Jan 1967

Measurements Of Particle Motions In Ocean Waves, David H. Shonting

Journal of Marine Research

Ducted impeller wave meters used aboard a light station to observe particle motions in wind waves at various depths beneath the free surface are described. The motions recorded display quasisinusoidal oscillations having an approximate 90° phase shift between the horizontal and vertical velocity components that lie normal to the wave crests....


Damping Of Capillary Waves At The Air-Sea Interface By Oceanic Surface-Active Material, W. D. Garrett Jan 1967

Damping Of Capillary Waves At The Air-Sea Interface By Oceanic Surface-Active Material, W. D. Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

The damping rates of capillary waves (wavelength = 0.52 cm) were measured on fresh seawater sampled under various oceanographic conditions. The collected water con tained varying quantities of surface-active organic materials capable of adsorbing at the air-water interface and altering the sea-surface properties....


Concentration And State Of Cerium In Coastal Waters, James H. Carpenter, Virginia E. Grant Jan 1967

Concentration And State Of Cerium In Coastal Waters, James H. Carpenter, Virginia E. Grant

Journal of Marine Research

The cerium contents of several coastal water samples were found to be 0.1 to 0.6 µg/l. These are in contrast to the cerium concentrations of 0.004 and 0.014 µg/l observed in samples taken near Bermuda….


A New Method Of Measuring Coastal Surface Currents With Markers And Dyes Dropped From An Aircraft, J. G. Welsh Jan 1967

A New Method Of Measuring Coastal Surface Currents With Markers And Dyes Dropped From An Aircraft, J. G. Welsh

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes a new low-cost method of measuring coastal surface currents with markers dropped from a light aircraft at each of a series of stations. Each marker consists of a cloth bag containing floats and a different dye. One marker, with anchor attached, remains stationary while a second marker, with drogue attached, moves with the current. The specific dye with each marker disperses slowly and contjnuously through the cloth into the water and aids in the subsequent location of each marker....


A Model For Thermohaline Circulation In An Ocean Of Finite Depth, G. T. Needler Jan 1967

A Model For Thermohaline Circulation In An Ocean Of Finite Depth, G. T. Needler

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents a theoretical study of the steady-state density, pressure, and velocity fields in an unbounded ocean driven by the differential heating of the surface and by the divergence or convergence of the Ekman layer….


A Simple Squeezer For Removal Of Interstitial Water From Ocean Sediments, Bob J. Presley, Robert R. Brooks, Henry M. Kappel Jan 1967

A Simple Squeezer For Removal Of Interstitial Water From Ocean Sediments, Bob J. Presley, Robert R. Brooks, Henry M. Kappel

Journal of Marine Research

A simple and inexpensive squeezer employed in the removal of interstitial water from ocean sediments has been designed. Squeezing is carried out with nitrogen at pressures of 500 to 1000 lb/in2 (35 to 70 kg/cm2). The apparatus is lined with teflon, thus insuring complete freedom from metallic contamination.


Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic I. Hydrography And Nutrient Chemistry, J. H. Ryther, D. W. Menzel, Nathaniel Corwin Jan 1967

Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic I. Hydrography And Nutrient Chemistry, J. H. Ryther, D. W. Menzel, Nathaniel Corwin

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of the Amazon River discharge on the nutrient chemistry and biological productivity in the western tropical Atlantic and the eastern Caribbean was investigated during two oceanogr aphic cruises in the fall of 1964 and the spring of 1965, respectively. The river outflow is entrained in the Guiana Current and carried to the north and east, affecting an area that is at times a million square miles, as indicated by surface salinity....


Temperature Differences Near The Sea-Air Interface, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1967

Temperature Differences Near The Sea-Air Interface, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

Little information is available on the temperature differences in the first several centimeters of air and water above and below the sea surface. A series of measurements was made to determine the magnitude and fluctuations of these temperature differences in the open Mediterranean Sea off the Ligurian Coast of Italy at about 44° 54.7'N, 9° 45'E. The differences were measured with respect to the actual undulating surface of the sea. The instrumentation used is described....


Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic Ii. Zooplankton Abundance, Copepod Distribution, With Remarks On The Fauna Of Low-Salinity Area, George W. Calef, George D. Grice Jan 1967

Influence Of The Amazon River Outflow On The Ecology Of The Western Tropical Atlantic Ii. Zooplankton Abundance, Copepod Distribution, With Remarks On The Fauna Of Low-Salinity Area, George W. Calef, George D. Grice

Journal of Marine Research

Zooplankton samples and hydrographic data were collected on two cruises to the area of the equatorial Atlantic that is influenced by the Amazon River outflow: one cruise during the dry season, October and November 1964, the other during the wet season that followed, May and June 1965. In the area where the cruise tracks overlapped, the average displacement volume of total zooplankton was almost three times higher during the wet season than during the dry season....


A Note On Bacteriological Sampling In Seawater, H. W. Jannasch, W. S. Maddux Jan 1967

A Note On Bacteriological Sampling In Seawater, H. W. Jannasch, W. S. Maddux

Journal of Marine Research

In a comparative study, two existing bacteriological samplers and a newly designed device were tested for obtaining uncontaminated seawater samples. Serratia marinorubra was used as a tracer organism. It was possible to eliminate contamination to a large extent.


On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak Jan 1967

On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak

Journal of Marine Research

This paper considers the response of the sea surface to a low-frequency long-wavelength plane-wave pressure distribution that progresses eastward across a large circular continent having a narrow sloping shelf that drops off vertically to a flat ocean basin....


Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith Jan 1967

Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The thrust anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the three components of wind-velocity fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer over the sea surface, as required for the calculation of Rey nolds stress of the wind on the sea….


The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen Jan 1967

The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

Near 11°N, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by the Verna Fracture. The hypothesis of sea-floor spreading has suggested that the fracture is a transform fault, and this has been confirmed by the first motion studies of recent earthquakes along the fracture. The fault zone is developed as a deep and narrow east-west trending through, bordered on the south side by a high and steep rocky wall representing an uplifted slice of crust....


On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata Jan 1967

On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata

Journal of Marine Research

The entire available historic record of sea level and surface weather at Canton Island, Phoenix Islands, has been used to study linear relationships in the frequency range 0 to 0.8 cycles per day. Peaks in the sea-level spectrum at periods of four days and five days are strongly coherent with local weather, especially the meridional wind component. Thus the possibility that these oscillations are a manifestation of a global seiche is doubtful.


New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt Jan 1967

New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents new tables and a nomogram for the calculation of oxygen saturation values of pure water and of seawater. The tables are based on recent car eful determinations of the Bunsen absorption coefficient for oxygen and on accepted values of the vapor pressure of water.


Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner Jan 1967

Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner

Journal of Marine Research

Coarse and fine fractions of samples from dredge hauls and cor es taken in a detailed survey in the area of 22°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studied by x-ray diffraction and petrographic microscopy.


On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson Jan 1967

On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson

Journal of Marine Research

A section of sea surface that had been subjected to a constant offshore wind was profiled by using an airborne radar-wave profiler. The profiles extended seaward from the coast for a distance of 350 km . From these data, estimates of the spectrum of encounter of the sea surface were obtained for different fetch lengths....


Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy Jan 1966

Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy

Journal of Marine Research

A general description of a phosphorescent bay on the northern shore of Jamaica, West Indies, is presented. The brilliant bioluminescence in this embayment is due to the large armored dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense. It was found in cell densities as high as 200,000 cells/liter. Using a submersible spectrometer, the bioluminescent emission spectrum of these organisms was found to peak at 476 mµ....


Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven Jan 1966

Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven

Journal of Marine Research

A red-water bloom in Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, in October 1962 is described and discussed. The red water occurred during a brief period at the peak of a growth and decay cycle of a population of Exuviella sp. For several months before, during, and after the bloom, data on carbon fixation, chlorophyll, phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations were obtained at a station close to the bloom in Kingston Harbor and at another station in the Caribbean Sea.


Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell Jan 1966

Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell

Journal of Marine Research

Solutions are obtained for quasigeostrophic free oscillations in enclosed basins of dimensions comparable to the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The lower-order baroclinic oscillations are r estri cted to the regions adjacent to the eq uator or the ocean boundaries, and for each basin the oscillations have an estimated minimum period of about 20 days. The barotropic oscillations fill the complete basin and have minimum periods varying from an estimated 2.7 days in the Pacific Ocean (wave length 14,900 km) to 3.8 days in the Indian Ocean (wave length 10,400 km)....


Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan Jan 1966

Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan

Journal of Marine Research

Twelve stations were worked from 6 to 8 July 1965 aboard the R.S. SARDINOPS in a tight grid of three lines between Cape Town and the Cape of Good Hope, one line of four stations being worked each day. One subsurface current observation was made at each station with a Pisa Current Indicator (Carruthers Jelly Bottle). Results show three cyclonic eddies, with upwelling at each eddy. Surface flow, as shown by ship drift, bears no relationship to subsurface flow, possibly because of the strong thermocline throughout the area.


The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman Jan 1966

The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman

Journal of Marine Research

The temperature tolerances of three species of marine fishes----Menidia menidia (common silverside), Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder), and Spheroides maculatus (northern swellfish)-have been determined. Following calculation of the median tolerance limit for various exposure times over a range of acclimation temperatures, the thermal tolerance was determined on a square graph by plotting lethal temperature against acclimation temperature. The tolerances determined are: 715°C squared for M. menidia; 635°C or 685°C squared for P. americanus, with cold tolerance limits of 1°C or 0°C, respectively; and 550°C squared for S. maculatus.


A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox Jan 1966

A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes a series of field experiments that provide growth curves and wind histories for waves of wave length r 7 m. In each of 29 runs of from 1 to 4 hours, a directional wave recorder with an effective beam width of 20 degrees was towed downwind at the group velocity of these waves starting from a windward shore....


Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker Jan 1966

Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker

Journal of Marine Research

The carbonate mineralogy of 25 short cores from the Tongue of the Ocean has been determined. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that carbonate mineralogy may reflect Pleistocene sea-level changes due to an increased contribution of low magnesium calcite from the subaerially exposed Bahama Banks when sea levels were low. It is suggested that this relationship of mineralogy to sea level may find wide application in the study of carbonate sedimentation in intermediate-depth water, proximal to carbonate banks.


On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon Jan 1966

On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon

Journal of Marine Research

The discharge of water caused by melting, ablation, and glacial run-off along the coastline of Antarctica produces a westward zonal flow that could partly counteract the eastward wind-driven current.


An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson Jan 1966

An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical investigation is made of the wind as the possible cause of equatorial undercurrent. A uniform wind is allowed to stress a finite-depth ocean of infinite extent. All latitudinal current variations are β effects. The singular behavior of the flow is studied equatorward from midlatitudes. Next, the equatorial current is found to be strongly dependent on an assumed constant Austausch coefficient....


A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee Jan 1966

A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee

Journal of Marine Research

The r elationship of photosynthesis to light intensity is examined, using phytoplankton cultured in different environments. The graphical means used in presenting the data are shown, and the desirability of normalizing the curves is discussed….


Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter Jan 1966

Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter

Journal of Marine Research

This report discusses the basic chemistry of the Winkler procedure as well as various results obtained from fi eld and laborator y studies and experiments designed to determine the accuracy or precision of measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater with currently used modifications of the Winkler method....


A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety Jan 1966

A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety

Journal of Marine Research

A simple sampler, assembled mainly from commercially available eq uipment, is described. It simultaneously collects water samples at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m above the sea floor and takes a short core at the same location.


The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher Jan 1966

The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher

Journal of Marine Research

The use of pCO2 for the study of biological production in natural waters has advantages over the use of oxygen related to the persistence of changes in pCO2, the magnitude of the changes, and the possibility of making continuous recordings of surface-water pCO2 from a ship underway. The method of calculating biological production is discussed and illustrated with data from coastal waters off Massachusetts.