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Mentors’ Perspective On Mentoring Practices For New Teachers: A Qualitative Study, Rosa Smith-Norman Jan 2023

Mentors’ Perspective On Mentoring Practices For New Teachers: A Qualitative Study, Rosa Smith-Norman

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological research study explores the lived experiences of mentors as they share their perceptions of mentoring practices to better understand how participatory experiences affect the professional growth of new teachers. Using a phenomenological research design helps to better understand the participants’ perceptions and personal meaning making processes that emerge from their first-person lived experiences of their professional practice. This study explores how ongoing participatory experiences have served to shape one’s perceptions about teaching and learning though the use of best mentoring practice strategies. To this end, this study triangulates the data by conducting an initial email interview questionnaire …


A Qualitative Investigation Of Teachers' Perceptions Of The Impact Of Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion On Lgbtq+ And Student Sensitivity Toward Lgbtq+, Jaclyn Winter Jan 2023

A Qualitative Investigation Of Teachers' Perceptions Of The Impact Of Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion On Lgbtq+ And Student Sensitivity Toward Lgbtq+, Jaclyn Winter

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Multiculturalism and inclusiveness are not new concepts in educational curricula. The question of what falls under that umbrella was already being brought up when earning my Master’s degree at Hofstra University twenty-three years ago. While attending a university workshop about multiculturalism in the classroom, I found the lens was too narrow and calling for expansion. My question was: where does the curriculum represent LGBTQ+ culture? I shared my concern and described a lesson I had designed and taught while student teaching, which focused on Matthew Shepard, tolerance vs. acceptance, and the negative and positive actions that can come out of …


Nadezhda Krupskaya And The Reinvention Of Culture In Revolutionary Russia: Populism, Women, And Education In The New Socialist Society, Michael Anthony Iasilli Jan 2023

Nadezhda Krupskaya And The Reinvention Of Culture In Revolutionary Russia: Populism, Women, And Education In The New Socialist Society, Michael Anthony Iasilli

Theses and Dissertations

Most historiography of the Russian Revolution underestimates the impact of the populists of the nineteenth century in shaping political decision-making that led to early Soviet national development as well as the women brought up within the movement. Populism and the legacy of the narodniki is often a separate body of research, or explained within a distinct political category of its own. Likewise, most scholars see the socialist movement at the turn of the century as a divergence away from the populists. However, through the writings and legacy of Nadezhda Krupskaya, Lenin's wife, she demonstrates a political and cultural transcendence of …


Sociological Model Of Social Partnership In Higher Education Institutions Management, Kateryna Mykhaylyova, Tamara Zverko, Roman Maiboroda, Andrii Bubela, Iryna Lutsenko Jan 2023

Sociological Model Of Social Partnership In Higher Education Institutions Management, Kateryna Mykhaylyova, Tamara Zverko, Roman Maiboroda, Andrii Bubela, Iryna Lutsenko

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Social partnership as a scientific category is characterized by multidimensionality, breadth of understanding, and interpretation. In the modern education system, social partnership is presented as one of the aspects of state-societal governance of educational institutions' activities. The development of socially oriented education has brought the issue of social partnership to the forefront, identifying new components of this process. In the context of society's well-being, social interaction becomes an effective mechanism for addressing social problems, especially those that arise in the educational sphere. This article aims to elucidate the main contemporary trends of social cooperation in higher education institutions (HEIs) and …


The Pennsylvania Environmental Resource Consortium: A State-Wide Collaborative Network For Sustainable, Outreach, Education, And Action, Peter Buck, Shaunna Barnhart, Richard D. Bowden, Ben Culbertson, Josh Hooper, Michael Mumper, Dominic Scicchitano, Ken Shultes, Tom Simpson Jan 2023

The Pennsylvania Environmental Resource Consortium: A State-Wide Collaborative Network For Sustainable, Outreach, Education, And Action, Peter Buck, Shaunna Barnhart, Richard D. Bowden, Ben Culbertson, Josh Hooper, Michael Mumper, Dominic Scicchitano, Ken Shultes, Tom Simpson

Faculty Contributions to Books

This paper explores the organizational theory, programs, and concomitant challenges faced by a state-level higher education consortium for sustainability in the United States, the Pennsylvania Environmental Resource Consortium (PERC). We provide insights for other institutions of higher education that may want to form consortia or consider changes to existing consortia. PERC members collaborate to advance sustainability on member campuses, in local communities, and across the Commonwealth. PERC envisions thriving, just communities on a healthy planet, and seeks to inspire higher education communities throughout the Commonwealth to lead transformational sustainability efforts through example, expertise, and collaboration. This chapter provides a brief …


Habits Of Mind: Designing Courses For Student Success, Julia M. Gossard, Chris Babits, Jennifer Grewe, Cree Taylor, Doris Mcgonagill, Missy Kofoed, Leonard Henderson, Travis Thurston, Mehmet Soyer, Gonca Soyer, Josie Tollefson, Nichelle Frank, Matthew D. Laplante, Jessie Koltz, Jenifer Evers, Kimberly Hiatt, Kelsey Bushman, Heather Lyman, Sarah Gosney, Melanie Chambers, Sharon Lyman, Antje R. H. Graul, Ayse Sapci, Raymond Veon, Jason Twede, Rachel Robison-Greene, Sarah Tulane, Joyce Kinkead, John Draeger, Jill K. Singer, Ekaterina Arshavskaya, Rachel Turner, Karin Dejonge-Kannan Jan 2023

Habits Of Mind: Designing Courses For Student Success, Julia M. Gossard, Chris Babits, Jennifer Grewe, Cree Taylor, Doris Mcgonagill, Missy Kofoed, Leonard Henderson, Travis Thurston, Mehmet Soyer, Gonca Soyer, Josie Tollefson, Nichelle Frank, Matthew D. Laplante, Jessie Koltz, Jenifer Evers, Kimberly Hiatt, Kelsey Bushman, Heather Lyman, Sarah Gosney, Melanie Chambers, Sharon Lyman, Antje R. H. Graul, Ayse Sapci, Raymond Veon, Jason Twede, Rachel Robison-Greene, Sarah Tulane, Joyce Kinkead, John Draeger, Jill K. Singer, Ekaterina Arshavskaya, Rachel Turner, Karin Dejonge-Kannan

Habits of Mind

Although content knowledge remains at the heart of college teaching and learning, forward-thinking instructors recognize that we must also provide 21st-century college students with transferable skills (sometimes called portable intellectual abilities) to prepare them for their futures (Vazquez, 2020; Ritchhart, 2015; Venezia & Jaeger, 2013; Hazard, 2012). To “grow their capacity as efficacious thinkers to navigate and thrive in the face of unprecedented change” (Costa et al., 2023), students must learn and improve important study skills and academic dispositions throughout their educational careers. If we do not focus on skills-building in college courses, students will not be prepared for the …


Chapter 4- With Sustainability In Mind: Twelve Habits Of Mind For A Successful Learning Experience In The Second-Language Classroom And Beyond, Doris Mcgonagill Jan 2023

Chapter 4- With Sustainability In Mind: Twelve Habits Of Mind For A Successful Learning Experience In The Second-Language Classroom And Beyond, Doris Mcgonagill

Habits of Mind

When Art Costa and Bena Kallick first developed their Habits of Mind framework, they conceived of their approach as a contribution to sustainable and ethical learning. The dedication opening in all four volumes of Habits of Mind: A Developmental Series is explicit about this trajectory: “Native peoples teach that the ultimate norm for morality is the impact our choices have on persons living seven generations from now. If the results appear good for them, then our choices are moral ones; if not, they are immoral. We therefore dedicate Habits of Mind: A Developmental Series to our children, our grandchildren, and …


Chapter 19- "I See Research Questions Everywhere": Developing Metacognitive Skills In An English-Major Research Methods Course, Joyce Kinkead, John Draeger, Jill K. Singer Jan 2023

Chapter 19- "I See Research Questions Everywhere": Developing Metacognitive Skills In An English-Major Research Methods Course, Joyce Kinkead, John Draeger, Jill K. Singer

Habits of Mind

How many ways can sticky notes—branded as Post-it Notes and introduced in 1980 by 3M—be used by college students? According to the undergraduate who investigated this topic, 31. In the report she produced as a result of a study conducted in English 3470: Approaches to Research in English Studies, the researcher found that “many stationery products have died with advancements in technology, but the Post-it Note has thrived and continues to play a role in productivity in the workplace, continuing at the top of the supply list” (Eralie, 2019). To come to this magic number of 31, Megan conducted a …


Chapter 20- Service-Learning And Community-Engaged Projects For International And Domestic Students, Ekaterina Arshavskaya Jan 2023

Chapter 20- Service-Learning And Community-Engaged Projects For International And Domestic Students, Ekaterina Arshavskaya

Habits of Mind

It’s a good idea to help the local community by sharing something from our cultures and support each other as well. It really makes a big difference for all.

An anonymous student comment, spring 2020

Reflecting on my years of teaching, one of my most gratifying and powerful memories as an educator deals with developing a sense of community and belonging in my students. More generally, higher education instructors have come to understand the value of community building and creating a sense of belonging in various areas of our lives and for different populations in diverse teaching contexts (Hoffman et …


Introduction And References, Julia M. Gossard, Chris Babits Jan 2023

Introduction And References, Julia M. Gossard, Chris Babits

Habits of Mind

Although content knowledge remains at the heart of college teaching and learning, forward-thinking instructors recognize that we must also provide 21st-century college students with transferable skills (sometimes called portable intellectual abilities) to prepare them for their futures (Vazquez, 2020; Ritchhart, 2015; Venezia & Jaeger, 2013; Hazard, 2012). To “grow their capacity as efficacious thinkers to navigate and thrive in the face of unprecedented change” (Costa et al., 2023), students must learn and improve important study skills and academic dispositions throughout their educational careers. If we do not focus on skills-building in college courses, students will not be prepared for the …


Bilingualism: Bringing World Language To The Youth, Kyle Villella Jan 2023

Bilingualism: Bringing World Language To The Youth, Kyle Villella

Modern Languages, Philosophy and Classics Theses

This research thesis focuses on world language education in the United States, more specifically, in the state of Rhode Island. In a changing world, learning a second language is key to creating more culturally competent citizens of the world. This thesis pushes for world language education in elementary schools, particularly in first grade. The first section of the thesis focuses on the reasoning behind beginning this education and how a child’s brain is more capable of second language learning This thesis then looks into how this style of education can be successful and the best pedagogical approaches. It analyzes how …


Educational Policies For Spanish Speakers In The United States, Allenby Lyson Iii Jan 2023

Educational Policies For Spanish Speakers In The United States, Allenby Lyson Iii

Modern Languages, Philosophy and Classics Theses

Schools across the United States implemented educational policies to help students succeed. These policies are often implemented at the state level allowing differences between each state. Considering the increasing presence of Spanish speakers in the United States, many of these policies are put in place to help Spanish speaking students as well as other native speaking children. These policies, and by extent programs, have changed over time, both helping and in some cases harming students. Analyzing these policies improves our understanding of what is most beneficial for students.


The Impact Of Education On Reducing Poverty In South Asia, Rooppreet Kaur Sohal-Bagri Jan 2023

The Impact Of Education On Reducing Poverty In South Asia, Rooppreet Kaur Sohal-Bagri

CGU Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation examines the relationship between primary, secondary education attainment and poverty in South Asia. The countries of examination include India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, and Maldives. The primary function of this research is to determine if primary and secondary education attainment of peoples has an impact on being associated with reducing poverty. To accomplish and to test this goal, I have used fixed effects regression analysis to examine the following research questions: Does education expansion (primary, secondary) reduce poverty in South Asia? Does education expansion (primary, secondary) reduce poverty for women in South Asia? This first …


A Society Impaired: Why Students Must Be Taught Mythology, Elise Hayen Jan 2023

A Society Impaired: Why Students Must Be Taught Mythology, Elise Hayen

Emerging Writers

This piece investigates why mythology taught in schools is not being retained by most students and therefore causing a major deficit of understanding in society. The author analyzes why mythology is still relevant and how it has impacted our world by shaping our language, our brain, and our perception of the world. Different educational methods are introduced to demonstrate how mythology education can be advanced in all levels of schooling. Lastly, the author shares stories from teachers and students that have successfully integrated impactful mythology into their curriculum and in order to see how this impacted their communities.


Government By Algorithms At The Light Of Freedom Of Information Regimes: A Case-By-Case Approach On Adm Systems Within Public Education Sector, María Estrella Gutierrez Jan 2023

Government By Algorithms At The Light Of Freedom Of Information Regimes: A Case-By-Case Approach On Adm Systems Within Public Education Sector, María Estrella Gutierrez

Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies

What the Houston Court qualified as “mysterious ‘black box’ impervious to challenge” was in practice a sophisticated software of many layers of calculations, which rated teachers’ effectiveness to make employment decisions. In the European Union, a system as such would fall under the Proposal for AI Regulation of 2021, which qualifies AI models in education and vocational training as “high-risk” systems. Automated decision-making systems (ADM systems), AI-driven or not, are being increasingly used by governments in public education for different purposes, such as handling applications for undergraduate admission or profiling students and teachers to assess their performance. Across cases and …


Understandings Of Audience In First Year Composition, Mary Josephine Morgan Jan 2023

Understandings Of Audience In First Year Composition, Mary Josephine Morgan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

While understanding the concept of audience is an important step in learning to write, few studies have explored how student writers conceptualize audience in academic and nonacademic settings. This dissertation explores how college students enrolled in a first-year composition course conceptualize and operationalize audience and examines how the school context mediates students’ knowledge of audience. Nine students participated in the study, and data was collected from semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and relevant documents. Findings suggest that student conceptions of audience are more sophisticated and complex than previously thought. Additionally, students used a variety of strategies to analyze and adapt their …


The Digital Divide: The Path Towards Digital Inclusivity, Angelica Gonzalez Almanza Jan 2023

The Digital Divide: The Path Towards Digital Inclusivity, Angelica Gonzalez Almanza

Social Justice | Senior Theses

The gap between those Americans who use or have access to ICTs and those who do not is referred to as the digital divide (PACEs, 2002). The pandemic has increased dependence on technology and exacerbated the digital divide, which perpetuates existing systems of racism and poverty (Early et al., 2021). In this study, a mixed-method approach was conducted to understand what digital literacy skills parents need to overcome the digital divide and support their child's education. Specifically, the study explored how the program Impact Technology training has affected parents' involvement with their child's education. There were 175 Latinx parents that …


Exploring The Use Of Multimodal Approaches In The Teaching Of English Language Education And Literacy In Ugandan Primary Teachers’ Colleges: An Action Research In One Selected Primary Teachers’ College In Northwestern Uganda., Atungire Abetty Jan 2023

Exploring The Use Of Multimodal Approaches In The Teaching Of English Language Education And Literacy In Ugandan Primary Teachers’ Colleges: An Action Research In One Selected Primary Teachers’ College In Northwestern Uganda., Atungire Abetty

Master of Education

In this study, action research was conducted in one selected PTC in Northwestern Uganda to examine the use of multimodal techniques in the teaching and learning of English Language Education and Literacy in Ugandan Primary Teachers' Colleges. The study used a qualitative research methodology and an action research design to gather and analyze data. The techniques of data collection included interviews, observation, document analysis, and focus group discussion. The study consisted of 16 respondents (12 students, 1 tutor, 1 Principal, 1 Director of Studies, and 1 librarian). The data were analyzed by using the NVivo application. The results showed that …


The Impact Of Study Strategies On Academic Performance For Medical Students At Wright State University, Markia Black Jan 2023

The Impact Of Study Strategies On Academic Performance For Medical Students At Wright State University, Markia Black

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Studying plays an important role in the academic success of medical students. It is likely that ineffective study skills result in poor performances on required standardized exams. There is a concern for the lack of empirical data related to what study strategies are the most productive for medical students to practice. My goal is to 1) identify what study strategies students use in their pre-clinical years of medical school, 2) determine if these strategies impact students’ performance on Comprehensive Basic Science Exams and Step 1 exam, and 3) identify study methods that best support student achievement in the pre-clinical phase …


The Significance Of Art Education: Creating A Digital Classroom Advocating Art Education, Keri K. O'Connell Jan 2023

The Significance Of Art Education: Creating A Digital Classroom Advocating Art Education, Keri K. O'Connell

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Art programs have always been essential to education; they have provided students with a safe place to express themselves and make risk-free choices. However, due to budget cuts to the public school systems, art education is in jeopardy. The impact of the budget cuts on art education is widespread and has reduced student access to the arts and lowered the quality of the art education programs within our public school system. Schools can only provide students with the necessary resources, such as art supplies, technology, and professional development for art educators, with adequate funding. When schools are not receiving adequate …


Generative Ai, Learning And New Literacies, Su-Yen Chen Jan 2023

Generative Ai, Learning And New Literacies, Su-Yen Chen

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

Launched in November 2022, OpenAI's ChatGPT garnered over 100 million users within two months, sparking a surge in research and concern over potential risks of extensive AI experiments. The article, originating from a conference presentation by Tsinghua University and NTHU, Taiwan, provides a nuanced overview of Generative AI. It explores the classifications, applications, governance challenges, societal implications, and development trajectory of Generative AI, emphasizing its transformative role in employment and education. The piece highlights ChatGPT's significant impact and the strategic adaptations required in various sectors, including medical education, engineering, information management, and distance education. Furthermore, it explores the opportunities and …


“(Out)Caste Language Ideologies: Intersectional Raciolinguistic Stigma And Assimilation From Denotified Tribal Students’ Perspectives In Rural India, Jessica Sujata Chandras Jan 2023

“(Out)Caste Language Ideologies: Intersectional Raciolinguistic Stigma And Assimilation From Denotified Tribal Students’ Perspectives In Rural India, Jessica Sujata Chandras

UNF Faculty Research and Scholarship

In India, where elementary education is a fundamental right, significant barriers stall the attainment of educational equity through linguistic inclusivity. This article explores student identities by examining intersections of language, caste, race, and socioeconomic class to make visible complexities of privilege, discrimination, and connections between social structure, identity, and language in education. From qualitative ethnographic research with a settled nomadic Tribal community in rural India, this article highlights contradictions between recent mother tongue language education policies and experiences of social disparities and stigma for Banjara Tribal youth, who speak a different mother tongue language than the language of education. I …


“Building The Roots”: A Delphi Study Examining The Aims Of A Multicultural Competency Graduate Course In Sport And Exercise Psychology, Matthew Paul Gonzalez Jan 2023

“Building The Roots”: A Delphi Study Examining The Aims Of A Multicultural Competency Graduate Course In Sport And Exercise Psychology, Matthew Paul Gonzalez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Historically, opportunities to develop cultural competency in sport and exercise psychology graduate programs have been limited (Lee, 2015). Recently, major sport psychology organizations across the world have started to require cultural competency in their credentialing requirements. While this represents progress, these requirements can be met with a single course, which falls below the ideal of integrated cultural competency education (Martens et al., 2000). The present study investigated how to maximize the quality of a single course by coming to agreement on a proposed set of impactful and feasible learning outcomes and assessments in that proposed single course related to cultural …


Comparison Of The Effects Of Telehealth Versus N95 On Nurse-Patient Communication, Tony Christopher Bloomfield Jan 2023

Comparison Of The Effects Of Telehealth Versus N95 On Nurse-Patient Communication, Tony Christopher Bloomfield

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Telehealth and face masks are some of the infection control measures nurses use while attending to patients. Nurses provide the most patient care in hospital settings and thus spend the most time with patients in their recovery journey. Because communication is paramount to the role nurses play as health care professionals, there is a substantial need to investigate how infection control measures affect the quality of nurse-patient communication. The purpose of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to describe the relationship of methods aimed at maintaining social distancing between nurses and patients to nurse-patient communication and to compare differences in the …


In Pursuit Of Sustainable Educational Development: The Philippines And The English Dilemma, Rosemary C. Salomone Jan 2023

In Pursuit Of Sustainable Educational Development: The Philippines And The English Dilemma, Rosemary C. Salomone

Faculty Publications

The English language poses a dilemma in meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for education in countries with high multilingualism, high poverty and unequal schooling, such as the Philippines. This chapter considers Goal 1 (reducing poverty), Goal 4 (promoting educational quality) and Goal 10 (reducing inequalities) in relation to what has become an array of executive orders, regulations and laws that have shifted in the political winds, even as the judiciary has tried to navigate a measured course. It underscores how the primacy of English in the national consciousness, tied to global markets, undercuts multilingual policies based in …


Gender Diversity Cultural Responsiveness Education In Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs: A Pilot Survey, Tara Dickinson, Molly Normandin, Rachel W. Mulheren Jan 2023

Gender Diversity Cultural Responsiveness Education In Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Programs: A Pilot Survey, Tara Dickinson, Molly Normandin, Rachel W. Mulheren

Faculty Scholarship

Purpose: Gender-affirming voice therapy aims to align a person’s voice and communication with their gender identity. Historically, transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) individuals have been marginalized and continue to face significant healthcare disparities. The goal of this research was to examine the self-perceived preparedness of recent speech-language pathology (SLP) graduates for working with TGNC clients. A survey was developed to include both multiple choice and open-ended questions. Topics included graduate-level training on working with TGNC individuals, perceived preparedness to work with this client population, educational resources sought by respondents, and suggested improvements for SLP graduate programs. Thirty recent (since 2016) SLP …


Vocational Tertiary Education Of Young Adults In Kenya: Model Development, Kristina Marie Lux Jan 2023

Vocational Tertiary Education Of Young Adults In Kenya: Model Development, Kristina Marie Lux

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to create a model of tertiary vocational education in Kenya. Despite considerable progress in Kenya over the last 20 years, current education models, low attendance, and low academic proficiency levels preclude many vulnerable learners from becoming employable. Utilizing semi-structured interviews of eight Kenyan participants, this study explores the testable design principles necessary to create such a micro-trade model. Utilizing Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA), a quantitative ethnographic technique, to model the structure of connections in data, this study attempts to systematically identify a set of constructs, as they are recorded in interview codes, connected to …


Exploring Academic Capital Formation Of Hmong American Undergraduate College Students, Lou Vang Jan 2023

Exploring Academic Capital Formation Of Hmong American Undergraduate College Students, Lou Vang

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this mixed methods research study was to investigate whether academic capital is associated with student gender, student generation status, and parental education level of Hmong American undergraduate college students. The study also examined the educational experience of Hmong American undergraduate college students to understand the barriers they faced in obtaining academic capital and how they overcame them. The study's first phase collected and analyzed survey responses from 150 Hmong American undergraduate college students. The study's second phase interviewed six students who participated in the survey from the first phase. The first phase yielded quantitative results that suggested …


The Perceptions Of Year 5 And 6 Students, Their Teachers And The School Principal Of Their Australian Identity And The School's Role In Developing Students' Australian Identity., Renae Nahajski Jan 2023

The Perceptions Of Year 5 And 6 Students, Their Teachers And The School Principal Of Their Australian Identity And The School's Role In Developing Students' Australian Identity., Renae Nahajski

Theses

The aim of this qualitative research was to investigate the perceptions of Year 5 and 6 students, their teachers and the school principal of their Australian identity and the school’s role in the development of Australian identity. The study explores participants’ perceptions of their own identity and investigates where and when students feel they are taught about Australian identity.

The research also investigates where and when the principal and teachers feel the school develops students’ Australian identity. The review of the literature highlighted three areas that formed the conceptual framework for the study. The three areas were national identity; curriculum; …


Chapter 9- "I'M Just Not Good At History": Fostering A Growth Mindset With Habits Of Mind, Julia M. Gossard Jan 2023

Chapter 9- "I'M Just Not Good At History": Fostering A Growth Mindset With Habits Of Mind, Julia M. Gossard

Habits of Mind

One of the most common frustrations I hear from students in my large-enrollment history survey, HIST 1110: European History from 1500, is that they have “never been good at history.” Having taken numerous history courses during their K–12 education, many of which have focused on the rote memorization of dates, names, and facts about the past, students can arrive to HIST 1110 with an apathetic—or even a negative—disposition toward history as an academic discipline. They were not able to remember historical details in past learning environments, so would a college history course be any different?