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Cytotoxicity

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Isolation And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Conradina Canescens Gray, Noura S. Dosoky Jan 2015

Isolation And Identification Of Bioactive Compounds From Conradina Canescens Gray, Noura S. Dosoky

Dissertations

Natural products have been used in traditional medicine throughout history. All drugs and medicinal agents were derived from natural substances or inspired by a natural product. The major source of these remedies is higher plants which are great sources for new compounds that have a wide variety of activity. Conradina canescens Gray (false rosemary) is a common evergreen shrub, endemic to a small area of west Florida and adjacent Alabama and southern parts of Mississippi, USA. There are very limited studies on the chemical composition of this plant species. According to the available literature, this species has not been tested …

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In Vitro Antiproliferative/Cytotoxic Activity Of 2,3'-Biindole Against Various Cancer Cell Lines, Sali̇h Ökten, Ramazan Erenler, Tuğba Kul Köprülü, Şaban Teki̇n Jan 2015

In Vitro Antiproliferative/Cytotoxic Activity Of 2,3'-Biindole Against Various Cancer Cell Lines, Sali̇h Ökten, Ramazan Erenler, Tuğba Kul Köprülü, Şaban Teki̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

2,3'-Biindole (2) was synthesized via bromination of indole (1) with molecular bromine and underwent simultaneous dimerization. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of 2 was investigated in vitro on C6 (rat brain tumor), HeLa (human cervix carcinoma), and HT29 (human colon carcinoma) cells lines by using BrdU cell proliferation ELISA and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. In contrast to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 2,3'-biindole (2) significantly inhibited proliferation of HeLa and HT29 cell lines. According to LDH assay, the cytotoxicity of compound 2 was low on HT29 cell lines and high on HeLa and C6 cell lines. Moreover, 2 did not cause any DNA laddering …

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Peracetic Acid Sterilization Of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds, Suyog Yoganarasimha Jan 2015

Peracetic Acid Sterilization Of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds, Suyog Yoganarasimha

Theses and Dissertations

Sterilization of tissue engineered scaffolds is an important regulatory issue and is at the heart of patient safety. With the introduction of new biomaterials and micro/nano structured scaffolds, it is critical that the mode of sterilization preserve these built-in features. Conventional sterilization methods are not optimal for engineered polymeric systems and hence alternate systems need to be identified and validated. PCL is polyester with a low melting point (heat labile), susceptible to hydrolysis and is popular in tissue engineering. Electrospinning generates some nanoscale features within the scaffold, the integrity of which can be affected by sterilization method. Chapter 1 explores …

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Imaging, Spectroscopy, Mechanical, Alignment And Biocompatibility Studies Of Electrospun Medical Grade Polyurethane (Carbothane™ 3575a) Nanofibers And Composite Nanofibers Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Faheem A. Sheikh, Javier Macossay-Torres, Travis Cantu, Xujun Zhang, M. Shamshi Hassan, M. Esther Salinas, Chakavak S. Farhangi, Hassan Ahmad, Hern Kim, Gary L. Bowlin Jan 2015

Imaging, Spectroscopy, Mechanical, Alignment And Biocompatibility Studies Of Electrospun Medical Grade Polyurethane (Carbothane™ 3575a) Nanofibers And Composite Nanofibers Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Faheem A. Sheikh, Javier Macossay-Torres, Travis Cantu, Xujun Zhang, M. Shamshi Hassan, M. Esther Salinas, Chakavak S. Farhangi, Hassan Ahmad, Hern Kim, Gary L. Bowlin

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

In the present study, we discuss the electrospinning of medical grade polyurethane (Carbothane™ 3575A) nanofibers containing multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs). A simple method that does not depend on additional foreign chemicals has been employed to disperse MWCNTs through high intensity sonication. Typically, a polymer solution consisting of polymer/MWCNTs has been electrospun to form nanofibers. Physiochemical aspects of prepared nanofibers were evaluated by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, confirming nanofibers containing MWCNTs. The biocompatibility and cell attachment of the produced nanofiber mats were investigated while culturing them in the presence of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The results from these tests indicated non-toxic behavior …

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Amylin Structure, Aggregation, And Pancreatic Β Cell Toxicity, Sharadrao Patil Dec 2014

Amylin Structure, Aggregation, And Pancreatic Β Cell Toxicity, Sharadrao Patil

MCB Articles

In most type 2 diabetes patients, amyloid plaques have been found juxtaposed with membranes of pancreatic β-cells. These plaques are composed of amyloid fibrils of the 37 residue endocrine hormone amylin and cause distinct changes in cell membrane morphology associated with the destruction of β-cells. Research is still ongoing to identify the toxic species involved and the mechanisms by which mature fibrils or oligomers cause cytotoxicity. The projects undertaken were designed to study the molecular structural features of amylin, mechanism of amyloid aggregation and, to develop cytotoxicity inhibitors. We determined the structure of human amylin bound to SDS micelles using …

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Facile Electrochemical Synthesis Of Antimicrobial Tio2 Nanotube Arrays, Yu Zhao, Qi Xing, Jagadeesh Janjanam, Kun He, Fei Long, Ke-Bin Low, Ashutosh Tiwari, Feng Zhao, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, Tolou Shokuhfar Nov 2014

Facile Electrochemical Synthesis Of Antimicrobial Tio2 Nanotube Arrays, Yu Zhao, Qi Xing, Jagadeesh Janjanam, Kun He, Fei Long, Ke-Bin Low, Ashutosh Tiwari, Feng Zhao, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar, Tolou Shokuhfar

Department of Chemistry Publications

Infection-related complications have been a critical issue for the application of titanium orthopedic implants. The use of Ag nanoparticles offers a potential approach to incorporate antimicrobial properties into the titanium implants. In this work, a novel and simple method was developed for synthesis of Ag (II) oxide deposited TiO2 nanotubes (TiNTs) using electrochemical anodization followed by Ag electroplating processes in the same electrolyte. The quantities of AgO nanoparticles deposited in TiNT were controlled by selecting different electroplating times and voltages. It was shown that AgO nanoparticles were crystalline and distributed throughout the length of the nanotubes. Inductively coupled plasma …

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Toxicity Of Engineered Nanomaterials And Their Transformation Products Following Wastewater Treatment On A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Yanjun Ma, Subbiah Elankumaran, Linsey C. Marr, Eric P. Vejerano, Amy Pruden Sep 2014

Toxicity Of Engineered Nanomaterials And Their Transformation Products Following Wastewater Treatment On A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Yanjun Ma, Subbiah Elankumaran, Linsey C. Marr, Eric P. Vejerano, Amy Pruden

Faculty Publications

Here we characterize the toxicity of environmentally-relevant forms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), which can transform during wastewater treatment and persist in aqueous effluents and biosolids. In an aerosol exposure scenario, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of effluents and biosolids from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) to A549 human lung epithelial cells were examined. The SBRs were dosed with nanoAg, nano zero-valent iron (NZVI), nanoTiO2 and nanoCeO2 at sequentially increasing concentrations from 0.1 to 20 mg/L. Toxicities were compared to outputs from SBRs dosed with ionic/bulk analogs, undosed SBRs, and pristine ENMs. Pristine nanoAg and NZVI showed significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells in …

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Study The Effect Of A New Nikel (Ii) Complex And Anticancer Drug (Cp) On Liver Enzyme Activity (Gpt,Got) And Creatinine Level In Kidney Of Femal Mice, Israa Fadhil Ascar Sep 2014

Study The Effect Of A New Nikel (Ii) Complex And Anticancer Drug (Cp) On Liver Enzyme Activity (Gpt,Got) And Creatinine Level In Kidney Of Femal Mice, Israa Fadhil Ascar

Baghdad Science Journal

This study involved the effect of anew nickel (II) complexs with formla [NiL2(H2O)2].2.5ETOH where L=Bis[5-(p-nitrophenyL)-4-phenyL-1,2,4-traizole-3-dithocarbamato hydrazide] diaqua. nickel(II). Ethanol(2.5).and anti-cancer drug cyclophosphamide on specific actifity of two Liver enzymes (GOT,GPT) in the (Liver,kidney) tissues and on the creatinine Level in the kidney byUtilizing an invivosystem in femalmice.The result showed that inhibition in the activity of GPT and GOT enzymes in theLiver and in both nickel (II) complex and cyclophosphamide drug (CP) . mice weretreated with three doses (90,180,320) µg/mouse for three days for each group.The Liver show's the highest rate of GPT inhibition was about 97.43% at180µg/mouse regarding the kidney …

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Epoxide-Mediated Differential Packaging Of Cif And Other Virulence Factors Into Outer Membrane Vesicles, A. E. Ballok, L. M. Filkins, J.. M. Bomberger, B. A. Stanton, George A. O'Toole Aug 2014

Epoxide-Mediated Differential Packaging Of Cif And Other Virulence Factors Into Outer Membrane Vesicles, A. E. Ballok, L. M. Filkins, J.. M. Bomberger, B. A. Stanton, George A. O'Toole

Dartmouth Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain a number of secreted bacterial proteins, including phospholipases, alkaline phosphatase, and the CFTR inhibitory factor (Cif). Previously, Cif, an epoxide hydrolase, was shown to be regulated at the transcriptional level by epoxides, which serve as ligands of the repressor, CifR. Here, we tested whether epoxides have an effect on Cif levels in OMVs. We showed that growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of specific epoxi

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Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Coated Surfaces: Investigation Of Cytotoxicity With Mammalian Cells And The Mechanism Of Cell Detachment, Marta Cooperstein Jul 2014

Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide)-Coated Surfaces: Investigation Of Cytotoxicity With Mammalian Cells And The Mechanism Of Cell Detachment, Marta Cooperstein

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

With the increase in life expectancy and with growing numbers of an aging population, there is a rising need worldwide for replacement tissues and organs. One way to address this growing need is through engineered tissues, such as those generated from stimulus-responsive polymers. Stimulus-responsive polymers undergo a physical or chemical change when a stimulus is applied. One such material is poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), (pNIPAM), which undergoes a conformation change in a physiologically relevant temperature range to release intact mammalian cell monolayers capable of being used to engineer tissues. Two factors currently limit the use of cell sheets for this purpose: 1) …

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Biosensing Of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity With Cd-Free Quantum Dots, John Plumley Jul 2014

Biosensing Of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity With Cd-Free Quantum Dots, John Plumley

Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs

Quantum dots (QDs) have become attractive in the biomedical field on account of their superior optical properties and stability, in comparison to traditional fluorophores. QDs also have properties which make them ideal for complex in vivo conditions. However, toxicity has been a chief concern in the eventual implementation of QDs for in vivo applications such as biosensing and tumor imaging. Commercially available QDs contain a notoriously noxious Cd component and therefore continuous research has gone into developing QDs without toxic heavy metals, generally Cd, that would still yield comparable performance in terms of their optical properties. Nonetheless, even in the …

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Biomaterial Testing Methodology For Long-Term In Vivo Applications: Silicon Carbide Corrosion Resistance, Biocompatibility And Hemocompatibility, Maysam Nezafati Jun 2014

Biomaterial Testing Methodology For Long-Term In Vivo Applications: Silicon Carbide Corrosion Resistance, Biocompatibility And Hemocompatibility, Maysam Nezafati

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Biomedical devices that function in-vivo offer a tremendous promise to improve the quality of life for many who suffer from disease and trauma. The most important consideration for these devices is that they interact with the physiological environment as designed without initiating a deleterious inflammatory response. ISO 10993 outlines the current international guideline for investigating the biocompatibility of such devices. Numerous groups report the use of ISO 10993 as the basis for their experimental evaluation of candidate materials for neuroprosthetics, as well as other biomedical devices, however most of these reports fail to completely comply with the standard. This leads …

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Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And Cellular Properties Of Α-Pegylated Cis-A2B2- And A3B-Types Znpcs, Benson G. Ongarora, Zehua Zhou, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Igor Kolesnichenko, Kevin M. Smith, M. Graça H. Vicente Jun 2014

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, And Cellular Properties Of Α-Pegylated Cis-A2B2- And A3B-Types Znpcs, Benson G. Ongarora, Zehua Zhou, Elizabeth A. Okoth, Igor Kolesnichenko, Kevin M. Smith, M. Graça H. Vicente

Faculty Publications

© 2014 World Scientific Publishing Company. A series of pegylated cis-A2B2- or A3B-type ZnPcs, substituted on the α-positions with tri(ethylene glycol) and hydroxyl groups, were synthesized from a new bis-phthalonitrile. A clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine was also obtained as a byproduct. The hydroxyl group of one ZnPc was alkylated with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to afford a pegylated ZnPc functionalized with an amine group. All mononuclear ZnPcs were soluble in polar organic solvents, showed intense Q absorptions in DMF, and had fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.10-0.23. The clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine adopts mainly open shell conformations in DMF, and closed clamshell conformations in chloroform. …

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Cytotoxicity Of Zno Nanoparticles Can Be Tailored By Modifying Their Surface Structure: A Green Chemistry Approach For Safer Nanomaterials, Alex Punnoose, Kelsey Dodge, John W. Rasmussen, Jordan Chess, Denise Wingett, Catherine Anders May 2014

Cytotoxicity Of Zno Nanoparticles Can Be Tailored By Modifying Their Surface Structure: A Green Chemistry Approach For Safer Nanomaterials, Alex Punnoose, Kelsey Dodge, John W. Rasmussen, Jordan Chess, Denise Wingett, Catherine Anders

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

ZnO nanoparticles (NP) are extensively used in numerous nanotechnology applications; however, they also happen to be one of the most toxic nanomaterials. This raises significant environmental and health concerns and calls for the need to develop new synthetic approaches to produce safer ZnO NP, while preserving their attractive optical, electronic, and structural properties. In this work, we demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of ZnO NP can be tailored by modifying their surface-bound chemical groups, while maintaining the core ZnO structure and related properties. Two equally sized (9.26 ± 0.11 nm) ZnO NP samples were synthesized from the same zinc acetate precursor …

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Antiplasmodial And Antioxidant Isoquinoline Alkaloids From Dehaasia Longipedicellata, K.H. Leong Apr 2014

Antiplasmodial And Antioxidant Isoquinoline Alkaloids From Dehaasia Longipedicellata, K.H. Leong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The crude extract of the bark of Dehaasia longipedicellata exhibited antiplasmodial activity against the growth of Plasmodium falciparum K1 isolate (resistant strain). Phytochemical studies of the extract led to the isolation of six alkaloids: two morphinandienones, (+)-sebiferine (1) and (-)-milonine (2); two aporphines, (-)-boldine (3) and (-)-norboldine (4); one benzlyisoquinoline, (-)-reticuline (5); and one bisbenzylisoquinoline, (-)-O-O-dimethylgrisabine (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS spectroscopic techniques and upon comparison with literature values. Antiplasmodial activity was determined for all of the isolated compounds. They showed potent to moderate activity with IC50 values …

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Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein In Tumor Stroma With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Can Inhibit Tumor Growth And Augment Host Immunity Without Severe Toxicity., Liang-Chuan S. Wang, Albert Lo, John Scholler, Jing Sun, Rajrupa S. Majumdar, Veena Kapoor, Michael Antzis, Cody E. Cotner, Laura A. Johnson, Amy C. Durham, Charalambos C. Solomides, Md, Carl H. June, Ellen Puré, Steven M. Albelda Feb 2014

Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein In Tumor Stroma With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Can Inhibit Tumor Growth And Augment Host Immunity Without Severe Toxicity., Liang-Chuan S. Wang, Albert Lo, John Scholler, Jing Sun, Rajrupa S. Majumdar, Veena Kapoor, Michael Antzis, Cody E. Cotner, Laura A. Johnson, Amy C. Durham, Charalambos C. Solomides, Md, Carl H. June, Ellen Puré, Steven M. Albelda

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The majority of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell research has focused on attacking cancer cells. Here, we show that targeting the tumor-promoting, nontransformed stromal cells using CAR T cells may offer several advantages. We developed a retroviral CAR construct specific for the mouse fibroblast activation protein (FAP), comprising a single-chain Fv FAP [monoclonal antibody (mAb) 73.3] with the CD8α hinge and transmembrane regions, and the human CD3ζ and 4-1BB activation domains. The transduced muFAP-CAR mouse T cells secreted IFN-γ and killed FAP-expressing 3T3 target cells specifically. Adoptively transferred 73.3-FAP-CAR mouse T cells selectively reduced FAP(hi) stromal cells and inhibited the …

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The Cytotoxic Effect Of 2-Acylated-1,4-Naphthohydroquinones On Leukemia/Lymphoma Cells, Diego A. Pedroza, Fernando De Leon, Armando Varela-Ramirez, Carolina Lerma, Renato J. Aguilera, Shizue Mito Jan 2014

The Cytotoxic Effect Of 2-Acylated-1,4-Naphthohydroquinones On Leukemia/Lymphoma Cells, Diego A. Pedroza, Fernando De Leon, Armando Varela-Ramirez, Carolina Lerma, Renato J. Aguilera, Shizue Mito

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Here, we tested seven 2-acylated-1,4-hydronaphthoquinones for their cytotoxic effects on a panel of cancer lymphoma/leukemia cells and compared to a non-cancer origin cell line. Several naphthohydroquinones exhibited selective cytotoxic effects on lymphoma/leukemia cells with lowest activity on non-cancer cells. The mode of cell death induced by an acylated naphthohydroquinone, which has a long alkyl chain, was found to be via apoptosis. Furthermore, the naphthohydroquinone provoked mitochondria depolarization and activation of its downstream effector, caspase-3, thus implicating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway as its mechanism to exert cell death.

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Chemical Constituents From Pterocarpus Soyauxii, Zushang Su, Ping Wang, Wei Yuan, Shiyou Li Jan 2014

Chemical Constituents From Pterocarpus Soyauxii, Zushang Su, Ping Wang, Wei Yuan, Shiyou Li

NCPC Publications and Patents

Three new benzofurans (1-3) and one new isoflavan (4), pteroyanin G, H, I and J, together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus soyauxii. Their structures were determined by the NMR and MS spectral data in comparison with literature data. Compounds (1-25) did not show cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, A549, Panc-28, and HCT-116 (Gl50 > 50 μM)

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Synthesis, Anticandidal Activity, And Cytotoxicity Of Some Thiazole Derivatives With Dithiocarbamate Side Chains, Leyla Yurttaş, Yusuf Özkay, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Gamze Göger, Şafak Ulusoylar Yildirim, Usama Abu Mohsen, Ömer Öztürk, Zafer Asim Kaplancikli Jan 2014

Synthesis, Anticandidal Activity, And Cytotoxicity Of Some Thiazole Derivatives With Dithiocarbamate Side Chains, Leyla Yurttaş, Yusuf Özkay, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Gamze Göger, Şafak Ulusoylar Yildirim, Usama Abu Mohsen, Ömer Öztürk, Zafer Asim Kaplancikli

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Some thiazole derivatives bearing dithiocarbamic acid esters were synthesized in order to investigate their anticandidal activity and cytotoxicity. The structures of the obtained final compounds (6a--j) were confirmed by spectral data (IR, ^1H NMR, ^{13}C NMR, and MS) and elemental analysis. The anticandidal activity of the compounds was determined (6a--j) using the microbroth dilution method and their cytotoxicity was evaluated according to the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against normal cells. Contrary to expectations, weak antifungal activity was observed with IC_{50} values ranging between 30 and 403 \mu g/mL.

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Toxicological Evaluation Of Polar And Nonpolar Components Of Isodon Coetsa (Lamiaceae), Sandhya Vincent Neelamkavil, John Ernest Thoppil Jan 2014

Toxicological Evaluation Of Polar And Nonpolar Components Of Isodon Coetsa (Lamiaceae), Sandhya Vincent Neelamkavil, John Ernest Thoppil

Turkish Journal of Botany

Isodon coetsa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Kudo, a perennial herb used in traditional Chinese folk medicines as an antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antitumour agent, was subjected to toxicity analysis. Cytotoxic screening using the Allium L. assay was done with extracts containing polar and nonpolar compounds as well as with polar compounds alone. Root tips were treated with different concentrations of both the extracts, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, for varying time durations (30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h). Extremely significant levels of chromosome abnormality (P < 0.001) were observed with the extracts when compared with the positive control (0.01% methyl parathion), but the extract with polar and nonpolar compounds showed higher abnormality percentage. Not much variation was observed in the mitotic index when compared to the negative control (distilled water). Studies revealed many clastogenic and nonclastogenic abnormalities. The major abnormalities included chromosome fragments, stickiness, ring chromosomes, chromosome bridges, pulverization, binucleate cell, micronucleus, ball metaphase, chromosome laggards, and shift in microtubule organizing center. The results showed that the nonpolar components possessed more clastogenic activity, which can be specifically targeted in order to destroy cancer cells. The toxic activity of extracts also suggests the need of judicious use of I. coetsa in folk medicines.

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In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, And Oxidative Effects Of Acyclic Sesquiterpene Farnesene, Kübra Çeli̇k, Başak Toğar, Hasan Türkez, Numan Taşpinar Jan 2014

In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, And Oxidative Effects Of Acyclic Sesquiterpene Farnesene, Kübra Çeli̇k, Başak Toğar, Hasan Türkez, Numan Taşpinar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Farnesene (FNS) is an acyclic sesquiterpene. It has a wide range of important biological effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, although its cytotoxic, cytogenetic, and oxidative effects have not been investigated in human blood tissue yet. To this aim, both MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were carried out to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to assess oxidative alterations. In addition, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests were used for mutagenic and genotoxic studies. The results revealed that FNS reduced cell viability at concentrations of higher than …

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Cytotoxic And Apoptotic Effects Of Ceranib-2 Offering Potential For A New Antineoplastic Agent In The Treatment Of Cancer Cells, Djanan Vejselova, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Gökhan Kuş, Selda Kabadere, Ruhi̇ Uyar Jan 2014

Cytotoxic And Apoptotic Effects Of Ceranib-2 Offering Potential For A New Antineoplastic Agent In The Treatment Of Cancer Cells, Djanan Vejselova, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Gökhan Kuş, Selda Kabadere, Ruhi̇ Uyar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Fibrocarcinomas are malignant tumours that originate in mesenchymal cells. The tumours typically form in the presence of connective tissue and are of key consideration when assessing research priorities for future healthcare management. Ceramidase inhibitors, such as ceranib-2, have demonstrated capacity to interfere with cellular DNA functionality, initiating apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. The enzyme ceramidase can regulate cellular levels of sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate by controlling hydrolysis of ceramide. The present study investigates the antigrowth effects of ceranib-2 on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3 normal cell line) and rat embryonic fibroblast cells (5RP7 cancer cell line). Research was conducted using …

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Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Response To Commercially Available Calcium Hydroxide Pastes, Fahd Alsalleeh, Gerald L. Stephenson, Nickolas Lyons, Ashley Young, Stetson Williams Jan 2014

Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Response To Commercially Available Calcium Hydroxide Pastes, Fahd Alsalleeh, Gerald L. Stephenson, Nickolas Lyons, Ashley Young, Stetson Williams

College of Dentistry: Faculty Publications

Several studies have shown that calcium hydroxidebased medicaments have a cytotoxic effect on human cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytoxicity of several calcium hydroxideproducts on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Calcium hydroxide powder (Avantor Performance Materials Inc.), Calasept® (Nordiska Dental AB), Metapaste® (Meta Biomed Co., Ltd.), Vitapex® (Neo Dental International Inc.), Ultracal® (Ultradent Products, Inc.), and Pulpdent® (Pulpdent Corporation) products were tested. PDL cells were exposed to various concentrations of calcium hydroxidefrom each product (1.0, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125 mg/mL). Cell viability was measured after 24 h and 48 h by Cell Proliferation Assay. All materials …

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Divergent Antibody Subclass And Specificity Profiles But Not Protective Hla-B Alleles Are Associated With Variable Antibody Effector Function Among Hiv-1 Controllers, Jennifer I. Lai, Anna F. Licht, Anne-Sophie Dugast, Todd Suscovich, Ickwon Choi, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Galit Alter, Margaret E. Ackerman Dec 2013

Divergent Antibody Subclass And Specificity Profiles But Not Protective Hla-B Alleles Are Associated With Variable Antibody Effector Function Among Hiv-1 Controllers, Jennifer I. Lai, Anna F. Licht, Anne-Sophie Dugast, Todd Suscovich, Ickwon Choi, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Galit Alter, Margaret E. Ackerman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Understanding the coordination between humoral and cellular immune responses may be the key to developing protective vaccines, and because genetic studies of long-term HIV-1 nonprogressors have associated specific HLA-B alleles with spontaneous control of viral replication, this subject group presents an opportunity to investigate relationships between arms of the adaptive immune system. Given evidence suggesting that cellular immunity may play a role in viral suppression, we sought to determine whether and how the humoral immune response might vary among controllers. Significantly, Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have likewise been associated with durable viral control. In this study, we compared the effector …

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Cytotoxic Compounds From Invasive Giant Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta) Against Human Tumor Cells (Abstract), Shiyou Li, Ping Wang, Guangrui Deng, Wei Yuan, Zushang Su Dec 2013

Cytotoxic Compounds From Invasive Giant Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta) Against Human Tumor Cells (Abstract), Shiyou Li, Ping Wang, Guangrui Deng, Wei Yuan, Zushang Su

NCPC Publications and Patents

Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) is one of the most noxious invasive species in the world. Our bioactivity-guided fractionation of ethanol extract of giant salvinia led to the isolation of 50 compounds. Of the six new compounds (1–6), salviniol (1) is a rare abietane diterpene with a new ferruginol-menthol coupled skeleton and both salviniside I (2) and salviniside II (3) are novel benzofuran glucose conjugates with unique 10-membered macrodiolide structures. Sixteen abietane diterpenes (1, 7–17, and 19–22) demonstrated in vitro activities …

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The Effects Of Different Size Gold Nanoparticles On Mechanical Properties Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Under Mechanical Stretching, Tri Kieu Dec 2013

The Effects Of Different Size Gold Nanoparticles On Mechanical Properties Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Under Mechanical Stretching, Tri Kieu

All Theses

The field of nanotechnology research has seen a large growth in the past few decades due to the great potential of novel nano-size material for useful applications such as drug delivery and medical imaging. Also, they are a promising platform for the detection of terrible diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Although these materials hold great promise, there is very limited understanding about the biological effects of these nanoparticles on normal healthy cells, such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The VSMCs are unique cells due to the two distinct phenotype characteristics it can express: a contractile and a synthetic …

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Cytotoxicity In The Age Of Nano: The Role Of Fourth Period Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Physicochemical Properties, Charles C. Chusuei, Chi-Heng Wu, Shravan Mallavarapu, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Chen-Ming Hsu, Jeffrey G. Winiarz, Robert S. Aronstam, Yue-Wern Huang Nov 2013

Cytotoxicity In The Age Of Nano: The Role Of Fourth Period Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Physicochemical Properties, Charles C. Chusuei, Chi-Heng Wu, Shravan Mallavarapu, Fang Yao Stephen Hou, Chen-Ming Hsu, Jeffrey G. Winiarz, Robert S. Aronstam, Yue-Wern Huang

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

A clear understanding of physicochemical factors governing nanoparticle toxicity is still in its infancy. We used a systematic approach to delineate physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that govern cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of fourth period metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs): TiO2, Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, and ZnO increases with the atomic number of the transition metal oxide. This trend was not cell-type specific, as observed in non-transformed human lung cells (BEAS-2B) and human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells (A549). Addition of NPs to the cell culture medium did not significantly …

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Cytotoxicity Of Thirty-Six Moroccan Plants Against Four Cancer Cell Lines And 3t3 Cells, J. Aukai Riordan, Dr. Rex G. Cates Oct 2013

Cytotoxicity Of Thirty-Six Moroccan Plants Against Four Cancer Cell Lines And 3t3 Cells, J. Aukai Riordan, Dr. Rex G. Cates

Journal of Undergraduate Research

It is not hard to believe that eighty percent of the populations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America rely principally on traditional medicine for their primary source of health care. However, many people do not realize that many of the best-selling pharmaceuticals in the Western world are derived directly from medicinal plants. Considering this great potential, it is unfortunate that scientists have only tested a small percent of plants for medicinal activity. At a time when pathogens are developing immunity to traditional antibiotics and when many new and terrifying ailments are cropping up across the world, there is an intense …

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Cytotoxicity Of Traditional Medicinal Plants Of Ghana, Stephanie Henderson, Dr. Gary M. Booth Sep 2013

Cytotoxicity Of Traditional Medicinal Plants Of Ghana, Stephanie Henderson, Dr. Gary M. Booth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Medicinal plants are the oldest known health-care products in the world (WHO, 1996), and according to the World Health Organization, 80% of the population in Africa still use traditional medicines for primary health care (WHO, 2003). The situation in Ghana is particularly significant. In the Upper Region of Ghana, a population of over 1.2 million, there is one traditional healer to approximately 490 people, as opposed to one biomedical physician to every 66,667 people (Boye and Ampofo, 1987).

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A Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation Of Acrylamide And Diacetone Acrylamide To Investigate Their Suitability For Holographic Photopolymer Formulations, Dervil Cody, Alan Casey, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova Sep 2013

A Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation Of Acrylamide And Diacetone Acrylamide To Investigate Their Suitability For Holographic Photopolymer Formulations, Dervil Cody, Alan Casey, Izabela Naydenova, Emilia Mihaylova

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The comparative cytotoxic evaluation of two monomers Diacetone Acrylamide (DA) and Acrylamide (AA), used in holographic photopolymer formulations, is reported. Two normal cell lines were used: BEAS-2B and HaCaT. Cellular viability was assessed using the MTT assay for three different exposure times. A difference of two orders of magnitude is observed in the Lethal Dose (LD50) concentrations of the two monomers. Diacetone Acrylamide exhibits a significantly lower toxicity profile in comparison to Acrylamide at all exposure times. This result justifies the replacement of Acrylamide with Diacetone Acrylamide in the photopolymer formulation, with the view to reducing occupational hazard risks for …

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