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Criminal justice

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Exploring The Effects Of Ex-Prisoner Reentry On Structural Factors In Disorganized Communities: Implications For Leadership Practice, G. Michael Davis Jan 2014

Exploring The Effects Of Ex-Prisoner Reentry On Structural Factors In Disorganized Communities: Implications For Leadership Practice, G. Michael Davis

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

The purpose of this study is to explore the way(s) in which the disproportionate return of ex-prisoners to socially and economically disadvantaged communities impact(s) specific community structural factors identified in the study. After three decades of withstanding the enduring effects of the mass incarceration, communities stand at the edge of a new era. Economic realities, and the failure of policies designed to deter crime through imprisonment are rapidly ushering in an era of mass prisoner reentry. The complexity of the challenges surrounding the successful integration of offenders to communities requires a new leadership paradigm for justice leaders. This study posits …

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Correcting Criminal Justice Through Collective Experience Rigorously Examined, James S. Liebman, David Mattern Jan 2014

Correcting Criminal Justice Through Collective Experience Rigorously Examined, James S. Liebman, David Mattern

Faculty Scholarship

Federal and state law confers broad discretion on courts to administer the criminal laws, impose powerful penalties, and leave serious criminal behavior unpunished. Each time an appellate court reviews a criminal verdict, it performs an important systemic function of regulating the exercise of that power. Trial courts do the same when, for example, they admit or exclude evidence generated by government investigators. For decades, judicial decisions of this sort have been guided by case law made during the Supreme Court's Criminal Procedure Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that the rule-bound, essentially bureaucratic regulatory …

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The Paradoxes Of Restitution, Mark A. Edwards Dec 2013

The Paradoxes Of Restitution, Mark A. Edwards

West Virginia Law Review

Restitution following mass dispossession is often considered both ideal and impossible. Why? This Article identifies two previously unnamed paradoxes that undermine the possibility of restitution: the time-unworthiness paradox and the collective responsibility paradox. After developing these ideas, the Article examines them in the context of a particularly difficult and intractable case of dispossession and restitution. The Article draws upon interviews with restitution claimants whose stories reveal the paradoxes of restitution.

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Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Jag) Program: Evaluation Report, Ryan E. Spohn, Sommer L. Fousek, Mike Behm, Lisa Stamm Oct 2013

Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Jag) Program: Evaluation Report, Ryan E. Spohn, Sommer L. Fousek, Mike Behm, Lisa Stamm

Reports

The Consortium for Crime and Justice Research (CCJR) at the University of Nebraska – Omaha is conducting an evaluation of projects supported by Nebraska’s 2012 Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (Byrne JAG) Program funds. The primary goal of the evaluation is to provide the Nebraska Commission on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (Crime Commission) a summary of the law enforcement, training, prevention, and associated activities occurring as a direct or indirect result of the infusion of Bryne JAG funds. In other words, the intent of the evaluation is to provide a summary of the funded activities and resulting products …

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Editorial, Willard M. Oliver Oct 2013

Editorial, Willard M. Oliver

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In light of this being the second issue of the new journal and the last issue of Volume 1, I have many people to thank for making this issue – this volume – this journal – a reality."

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Eugene Debs, Walls & Bars: Prisons & Prison Life In The “Land Of The Free”, Edward L. W. Green Oct 2013

Eugene Debs, Walls & Bars: Prisons & Prison Life In The “Land Of The Free”, Edward L. W. Green

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"This piece reviews a largely overlooked account of prison experience written by Eugene V. Debs, concerning observations of prisons around the turn of the 20th century in the US. The book Walls and Bars: Prisons & Prison Life in the “Land of the Free” contributes many insights consistent with contemporary knowledge for criminology and criminal justice. It is not, however, without notable limitations. The subject-position of this account is clearly political and biased in a Protestant brand of morality and humanism. Debs expresses himself substantively throughout the book between the polemics of the sacred and the profane, although not in …

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Building Grounds For Release: Women’S Perceptions Of A Community Corrections Program, Andrea Cantora Oct 2013

Building Grounds For Release: Women’S Perceptions Of A Community Corrections Program, Andrea Cantora

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Few studies have examined the role halfway houses play in helping women navigate the transition from prison to community. To add to this research, my article explores the perceptions and experiences of women residing at a New Jersey female halfway house upon their release from prison. In-depth qualitative interviews with 33 women that I conducted were analyzed to understand the prison to halfway house transition. The study aims to answer the following questions: How does the halfway house help and/or hinder the reentry process? How do women perceive the halfway house during this transitional phase? The results of my research …

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John Irwin, Lifers: Seeking Redemption In Prison, Brian P. Schaefer Oct 2013

John Irwin, Lifers: Seeking Redemption In Prison, Brian P. Schaefer

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"The late John Irwin had a distinguished career researching the realities of American prisons and the associated cultures and norms that develop within these institutions. His legacy of research challenged widely held beliefs about the nature of imprisonment and reentry and introduced us to new frameworks to understand the prison industry. Along with famous works such as The Felon (1970), The Jail (1985), and The Warehouse Prison (2004), Irwin was instrumental in introducing Convict Criminology to academe, giving a voice to those who experienced the pains of imprisonment. In his final book, Lifers: Seeking Redemption in Prison (2009), Irwin once …

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“We Incarcerate To Set Free:” Negotiating Punishment And Rehabilitation In Jail, Brittnie L. Aiello Oct 2013

“We Incarcerate To Set Free:” Negotiating Punishment And Rehabilitation In Jail, Brittnie L. Aiello

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Criminology has documented the decline of rehabilitation in the age of get-tough approaches to crime and punishment. Therapy and punishment, however, are not mutually exclusive. Rehabilitation and traditional punishment have long co-existed in penal facilities. In this article, I examine the role of rehabilitation at Northeast Jail, a county jail in the U.S. that adhered to an ideology of rehabilitation. But Northeast Jail was, first and foremost, a penal facility where offenders were confined and punished. While staff and administrators at Northeast Jail routinely invoked a rhetoric of rehabilitation, they adhered to rules and engaged in punitive practices that interfered …

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African American Perceptions Of Police Misconduct And Accountability, Ronald Weitzer, Rod K. Brunson Oct 2013

African American Perceptions Of Police Misconduct And Accountability, Ronald Weitzer, Rod K. Brunson

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"This article examines city residents’ reported experiences with and perceptions of various forms of police misconduct as well as their perspectives on two types of accountability mechanisms: internal and external to the police department. The data are derived from in-depth interviews with adult African American residents of the city. Our findings highlight the complexities involved in establishing credible citizen-led review boards, particularly in the types of cities such as the one examined here, East St. Louis. Survey research reveals that a majority of the public supports the principle of external oversight, but this general support may be diluted in settings …

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Sex Offenders And Campus-Based Sex Offender Registration: Stigma, Vulnerability, Isolation, And The Classroom As Refuge, Richard Tewksbury Oct 2013

Sex Offenders And Campus-Based Sex Offender Registration: Stigma, Vulnerability, Isolation, And The Classroom As Refuge, Richard Tewksbury

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Inclusion on the sex offender registration list is well known to produce stigma, collateral consequences, stress, and feelings of vulnerability for offenders. In addition to state-based registries, a number of institution-specific registries are beginning to appear, including those on college campuses. By using in-depth interviews with a sample of sex offenders listed on a campus-specific sex offender registry, this study explores the experiences resulting from this label. Findings highlight the feeling of vulnerability listing imposes, as well as self-isolating efforts designed to manage the possibility of identification, exposure, and confrontation. The interactional limitations, as well as the unintended consequence of …

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“Hidden In Plain Sight”: Locating The Men And Women Of The 1954 Boston Special Youth Program, Richard K. Moule Jr., Scott H. Decker Oct 2013

“Hidden In Plain Sight”: Locating The Men And Women Of The 1954 Boston Special Youth Program, Richard K. Moule Jr., Scott H. Decker

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"The growing prevalence of longitudinal research in the social sciences, coupled with technological advances, provide new opportunities for researchers to more readily find participants from earlier studies. In addition, these advances necessitate the development of new strategies and methodologies for locating and building rapport with respondents. Drawing on previous methods of subject identification and location, this paper examines techniques for locating and interviewing former gang members from the 1954-1957 Special Youth Program in Roxbury, MA. In contrast to most longitudinal studies, (1) more than 50 years have passed since the original study with no contact with respondents in the interim, …

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Motivation To Reduce Risk Behaviors While In Prison: Qualitative Analysis Of Interviews With Current And Formerly Incarcerated Women, Neetu Abad, Monique Carry, Jeffrey H. Herbst, Catherine I. Fogel Oct 2013

Motivation To Reduce Risk Behaviors While In Prison: Qualitative Analysis Of Interviews With Current And Formerly Incarcerated Women, Neetu Abad, Monique Carry, Jeffrey H. Herbst, Catherine I. Fogel

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Prison is an environment in which programs can be implemented to change harmful behaviors among high-risk populations. Incarcerated women experience high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), yet little research has examined women’s motivation to reduce risky behaviors during incarceration. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with former and current women prisoners in two North Carolina correctional facilities and analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of behavior change while in prison. Analyses revealed key motivators of behavior change: Viewing prison as a place to recover from past trauma, removing oneself from negative social networks, gaining access to needed …

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Miriam Boeri, Women On Ice: Methamphetamine Use Among Suburban Women, Karen Mcelrath Oct 2013

Miriam Boeri, Women On Ice: Methamphetamine Use Among Suburban Women, Karen Mcelrath

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Some readers fail to read the preface to a book, eager to step inside the chapters. I began with the preface to Women on Ice and then returned to it after I had read the book in its entirety. The preface provides the reader with a brief but important snapshot of Miriam Boeri as an author and one whose family, like so many others, has experienced addiction. These life events shaped her interest in studying people who experience problems with psychoactive drug use. Moreover, authors who share this kind of “private trouble” help to de-stigmatize drug addiction (see also, the …

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Barrett, C.J., Courting Kids: Inside An Experimental Youth Court, Avi Brisman Oct 2013

Barrett, C.J., Courting Kids: Inside An Experimental Youth Court, Avi Brisman

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States witnessed a small increase in youth violence, particularly a rise in gun violence among young African-American urban males. This spike in gun violence was localized and primarily linked to turmoil surrounding the introduction of crack cocaine into many cities around the country—metropolitan areas that were already experiencing crushing economic pressures, unemployment, and decaying neighborhoods. There was no evidence of an overall nationwide surge in “youth crime” or “juvenile crime”—terms that became conflated with serious “youth violence,” which, in turn, became code for “dangerous young black or brown men.” Despite this …

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Ronald Weitzer, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice To Lawful Business, Tammy Castle Oct 2013

Ronald Weitzer, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice To Lawful Business, Tammy Castle

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Dr. Ronald Weitzer is considered an expert on the sex industry, having studied prostitution for over a decade. In his latest book, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business, Weitzer provides a comprehensive examination of the myriad dimensions of sex work by drawing on both past research and his own ethnographic field work. Not only does he shatter prostitution myths by using empirical data, but also offers an alternative paradigm for understanding sex work that is theoretically grounded. In addition, he casts a critical eye on prostitution policies in the United States and proposes a “best practices” approach …

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Stephanie C. Kane, Where Rivers Meet The Sea: The Political Ecology Of Water, Ashley K. Farmer Oct 2013

Stephanie C. Kane, Where Rivers Meet The Sea: The Political Ecology Of Water, Ashley K. Farmer

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Where Rivers Meet the Sea aims to explore how human beings have somehow created an environment that threatens the life-sustaining water systems that are such a natural, and perhaps taken for granted, part of their communities. Exploring rich cultural and historical contexts within two strikingly different South American neighborhoods, Stephanie C. Kane delves into how communities situated along bodies of water interact with and affect the human-water relationship. She pays particular attention to how culture, art, and race are intertwined with politics, crime, and governance."

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Forced To Learn: Community-Based Correctional Education, Ron Mottern, C. Amelia Davis, Mary F. Ziegler Oct 2013

Forced To Learn: Community-Based Correctional Education, Ron Mottern, C. Amelia Davis, Mary F. Ziegler

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Community-based correctional education has received scant attention in adult literacy research yet mandatory education is a growing part of the legal system and is fueled by research that suggests a link between correctional education and lower rates of recidivism. Growth in alternative to prison programs affects local ABE and GED programs. Adults who attend community-based correctional programs as a condition of their probation or parole face many challenges. The purpose of this existential-phenomenological study was to understand the experience of those adults. Findings describe students’ experiences of being forced to attend a GED program. Opening a space for these stories …

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Jamie J. Fader, Falling Back: Incarceration And Transitions To Adulthood Among Urban Youth, Kallee Spooner Oct 2013

Jamie J. Fader, Falling Back: Incarceration And Transitions To Adulthood Among Urban Youth, Kallee Spooner

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In her first book, Jamie J. Fader presents an account of a group of young black males attempting to “fall back,” or stay out of trouble, as they return from a juvenile residential corrections facility to their communities in Philadelphia. Prior to the study, Fader spent six years evaluating delinquency programs for the city of Philadelphia and over a year working at a communitybased aftercare program that assisted youth returning to the city from reform schools. Fader gained access and insight to the structure and processes of the juvenile court system, which facilitated her research."

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Imagining Success For A Restorative Approach To Justice: Implications For Measurement And Evaluation, Jennifer J. Llewellyn, Bruce P. Archibald, Don Clairmont, Diane Crocker Oct 2013

Imagining Success For A Restorative Approach To Justice: Implications For Measurement And Evaluation, Jennifer J. Llewellyn, Bruce P. Archibald, Don Clairmont, Diane Crocker

Dalhousie Law Journal

Whether restorative justiceis "successful," or not, is a complex question. Attempts to answer this question by practitioners, professionals, and scholars have often been bounded by common notions of success in standard criminal justice terms. The authors of this paper suggest that ifrestorative justice is properly understood in terms of its focus on relationship, success should be measured on new and different dimensions. This paper seeks to bring a relational imagination to the scholarly effort of capturing the essence ofrestorative justice and figuring out how to assess its successes and failures. The authors offer a foundation and agenda for future research …

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Teaching 'The Wire': Fiction As Pedagogical Tool, Roger Fairfax Aug 2013

Teaching 'The Wire': Fiction As Pedagogical Tool, Roger Fairfax

Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Hot-Spot Policing And The Use Of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Heather L. Merigan Aug 2013

Hot-Spot Policing And The Use Of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Heather L. Merigan

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

An existing gap found in current literature is whether or not prevention-oriented methods have been implemented within crime hot-spots and if these methods have been implemented, it is unknown how effective have they been. The following paper is an evaluative study conducted to examine the use and effectiveness of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) methods when implemented by police departments within crime hot-spots. This was done by distributing an on-line survey to 56 Police Chiefs and researching the websites of 136 police departments located within ten counties of the western United States. The results indicated that the use of …

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Alaska Criminal Justice Operating Budgets, 2001-2013, Brad A. Myrstol Jul 2013

Alaska Criminal Justice Operating Budgets, 2001-2013, Brad A. Myrstol

AJSAC Fact Sheet

This fact sheet presents data on the fiscal year operating budgets enacted by the Alaska Legislature for six key criminal justice agencies from state fiscal years 2001 to 2013. These agencies include the Department of Corrections, Department of Public Safety, Alaska Court System, Division of Juvenile Justice, Criminal Divison of the Department of Law, and Legal and Advocacy Services within the Department of Administration (including the Office of Public Advocacy, the Public Defender Agency, and the Violent Crimes Compensation Board). The budget information presented reflects appropriations rather than actual agency expenditures. Operating budget data was extracted from appropriation bills enacted …

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Editorial, Helen Codd Jun 2013

Editorial, Helen Codd

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

Research from many countries has documented the experiences of imprisoned women, who are always a minority within criminal justice and penal systems created and dominated by men. This increasingly substantial research literature has identified the challenges and difficulties faced by women prisoners, many of whom are separated from their children, and has documented the manifold difficulties experienced by women on release and afterwards (Fair, 2009; O’Brien, 2001). Some of these studies have documented not only women’s difficulties in the prison environment but also their strategies of coping and resistance, many researchers adopting qualitative methodologies which prioritise women prisoners’ own voices …

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When Words Mean A Lot: The Experiences Of Female Prisoners In Senegal And The Effects Of Their Incarceration On Their Families, Dior Konate Jun 2013

When Words Mean A Lot: The Experiences Of Female Prisoners In Senegal And The Effects Of Their Incarceration On Their Families, Dior Konate

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This study offers an in-depth examination of the impact of women's incarceration on families in Senegal. It outlines the historical background, delineates the problem areas in the impact of the incarceration of female offenders, and discusses the re-creation of family relationships in a context of survival or accommodation of prison life.

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My Mom Is Badder Than Yours: Women Prisoners Demand Better Conditions For Motherhood Behind Bars, Meg Escude, Victoria Law Jun 2013

My Mom Is Badder Than Yours: Women Prisoners Demand Better Conditions For Motherhood Behind Bars, Meg Escude, Victoria Law

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This article examines the treatment of mothers and children incarcerated in the United States and Argentina; it discusses the strategies of resistance, activism and advocacy adopted by imprisoned mothers in both countries and subsequent changes in law, policy and practice.

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Women And Imprisonment In Ireland, 1922-2007, Jessica Breen Jun 2013

Women And Imprisonment In Ireland, 1922-2007, Jessica Breen

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This article explores the changing profile of female prisoners in Ireland from 1922 to the present and places the imprisonment of women in Ireland in an historical context, attempting to understand the declining rate of imprisonment for women for most of the 20th century in order to contextualize recent increases in the female prison population.

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Women, Families And Imprisonment In South Africa, Wfm Luyt, N Dupreez Jun 2013

Women, Families And Imprisonment In South Africa, Wfm Luyt, N Dupreez

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This article presents, analyses and discusses the results of a quantitative study of the circumstances, needs and experiences of women imprisoned in several correctional centres in South Africa, discussing a range of issues including penal policies and practices and human rights, concluding with the view that current provision is failing both women and South African society.

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Review Of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: International Law, Local Responses By Susan Dewey And Tonia St Germain, Eds., Kumarian Press, 2012., Olivera Simic Jun 2013

Review Of Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: International Law, Local Responses By Susan Dewey And Tonia St Germain, Eds., Kumarian Press, 2012., Olivera Simic

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

No abstract provided.

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Searching For Solutions To The Indigent Defense Crisis In The Broader Criminal Justice Reform Agenda, Roger Fairfax Jun 2013

Searching For Solutions To The Indigent Defense Crisis In The Broader Criminal Justice Reform Agenda, Roger Fairfax

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

As we mark the fiftieth anniversary of the Gideon v. Wainwright decision, the nearly universal assessment is that our indigent defense system remains too under-resourced and overwhelmed to fulfill the promise of the landmark decision, and needs to be reformed. At the same time, fiscal necessity and moral outrage have prompted a historic reexamination of outdated policies that have led to an overreliance on incarceration and inefficiencies in the administration of criminal justice. This Essay argues that there are synergies between the indigent defense reform agenda and the broader criminal justice reform agenda, which places a premium on cost-effective, evidence-based, …

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