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Alaska Justice Forum ; Vol. 16, No. 2 (Summer 1999), Riley N/A, N/A Uaa Justice Center Jun 1999

Alaska Justice Forum ; Vol. 16, No. 2 (Summer 1999), Riley N/A, N/A Uaa Justice Center

Vols 11-20 (1994-2004)

The Summer 1999 issue of the Alaska Justice Forum opens with an article presenting figures on the use of firearms in the commission of violent crimes in Alaska and in the U.S. as a whole from 1980 to 1997. A recent book on the growth of mass incarceration is reviewed. Major findings from an Alaska Judicial Council report on a 15-month pilot probation program for misdemeanor domestic violence offenders in Palmer are summarized.

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"This Province, So Meanly And Thinly Inhabited": Punishing Maryland's Criminals, 1681-1850, Jim Rice Apr 1999

"This Province, So Meanly And Thinly Inhabited": Punishing Maryland's Criminals, 1681-1850, Jim Rice

History Faculty Scholarship

This essay examines three questions, in each case using the colony and state of Maryland as a case study. First, why did some states adopt the penitentiary so much earlier than others? Pennsylvania opened one in 1790, but South Carolina waited until 1868 to do so. Given the variations in timing, did different states establish penitentiaries for different reasons? That seems to have been the case, as a comparison of Maryland's path to the penitentiary with that of other jurisdictions will demonstrate. Second, was the penitentiary truly revolutionary? Perhaps in some places, but not in Maryland. Third, did the diverse …

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On The Border Of Poligenic Crime, Ibpp Editor Mar 1999

On The Border Of Poligenic Crime, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes one aspect of the environmental contribution to criminal behavior.

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Incompetence In The Brain Injured Individual, D. Michael Bitz, Jean S. Bitz Jan 1999

Incompetence In The Brain Injured Individual, D. Michael Bitz, Jean S. Bitz

St. Thomas Law Review

We will initially address the historic acceptance of scientific propositions by the law as they relate to sanity. Insanity is one of the earliest forms of incompetence addressed by the criminal justice system. The current treatment of the courts with respect to head injuries will be presented. Following, there will be an explanation of the philosophical demand for an independent mens rea to sanction punishment. This will be tied to the relationship between head injuries and crime. Specifically, how a form of injury directly affects an individual's ability to make competent decisions while appearing outwardly normal. The legal implications of …

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Alaska Justice Forum ; Vol. 15, No. 4 (Winter 1999), Bureau Of Justice Statistics Jan 1999

Alaska Justice Forum ; Vol. 15, No. 4 (Winter 1999), Bureau Of Justice Statistics

Vols 11-20 (1994-2004)

The Winter 1999 issue of the Alaska Justice Forum presents Alaska and U.S. figures on correctional populations over an eleven-year period from 1988 to 1998, during which time Alaska's prison population grew by 57 percent and its rate of incarceration grew by 18 percent, while the overall state population grew by only 16 percent. The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that over 570,000 of the nation's prisoners (51%) reported the use of alcohol or drugs while committing their offense. Uniform Crime Reports statistics show that the overall rate of reported crime in Alaska grew by 7 percent from 1988 through …

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American Indians And Crime, Bureau Of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department Of Justice, L.A. Greenfeld, S. Smith Jan 1999

American Indians And Crime, Bureau Of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department Of Justice, L.A. Greenfeld, S. Smith

Native Health Database Full Text

This report represents a compilation and new analysis of data on the effects and consequences of violent crime among American Indians. The report uses data from a wide variety of sources, including statistical series maintained by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the FBI, and the Bureau of the Census. Data are reported from American Indian crime victims on how they were affected by the victimization and about who victimized them. The report also includes the first BJS estimates of the total number of American Indians under the custody or supervision of the justice system.

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Race, Expectations And Evaluations Of Police Performance: An Empirical Assessment, Meghan S. Stroshine Jan 1999

Race, Expectations And Evaluations Of Police Performance: An Empirical Assessment, Meghan S. Stroshine

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of the current study is two‐fold. First, using data obtained from a sample of crime victims (n = 122), this study empirically assesses the effect that police officer race has on evaluations of the police. Second, this study provides a greater specification of the effect that expectations regarding police performance have on evaluations of the police. ANOVA and Ordered Probit analyses indicate that police officer race does not influence victim evaluations of police performance. However, expectations do significantly influence evaluations of the police and furthermore, expectations of police performance differ across racial lines. Possible explanations for these findings …

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Crime And Work, Jeffrey Fagan, Richard B. Freeman Jan 1999

Crime And Work, Jeffrey Fagan, Richard B. Freeman

Faculty Scholarship

Crime and legal work are not mutually exclusive choices but represent a continuum of legal and illegal income-generating activities. The links between crime and legal work involve trade-offs among crime returns, punishment costs, legal work opportunity costs, and tastes and preferences regarding both types of work. Rising crime rates in the 1980s in the face of rising incarceration rates suggest that the threat of punishment is not the dominant cost of crime. Crime rates are inversely related to expected legal wages, particularly among young males with limited job skills or prospects. Recent ethnographic research shows that involvement in illegal work …

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A Case Against Bringing Monsters To Justice: Pinochet, Deterrence, And Personal Identity, Ibpp Editor Dec 1998

A Case Against Bringing Monsters To Justice: Pinochet, Deterrence, And Personal Identity, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents a philosophical psychology case against subjecting former national leaders who allegedly committed atrocities committed while they were in power to adjudication through a criminal or civil justice system.

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Fact Or Fiction? The Use Of Eighteenth-Century Criminal Biographies In Historical Studies, Steven M. Wakefield Oct 1998

Fact Or Fiction? The Use Of Eighteenth-Century Criminal Biographies In Historical Studies, Steven M. Wakefield

History Theses & Dissertations

Marxist studies concerning crime and criminality in eighteenth-century England, and especially London, have explained the problem strictly in terms of a class based struggle between the elites and the working poor. Marxists further contend that the majority of criminals hanged for capital offenses during the eighteenth-century also came Rom the working poor. Using an analysis of criminal biographies written between 1723 and 1783, this study questions the Marxist paradigm by suggesting that eighteenth-century crime and criminality were not inter-class conflicts but more intra-class struggles, and hangings reflected this.

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Perjury! The Charges And The Defenses, Richard H. Underwood Jul 1998

Perjury! The Charges And The Defenses, Richard H. Underwood

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Perjury is the most hotly debated topic in America today. In this witty and instructive article, the author explains what constitutes the crime of perjury, provides examples of how defendants have sometimes avoided conviction, and discusses the impact of federal and state statutes on prosecutors, defendants, witnesses, the judiciary, the legislature, and society.

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Trends. Necessity As The Mother Of Invention: International Crime In An Era Of Globalization, Ibpp Editor May 1998

Trends. Necessity As The Mother Of Invention: International Crime In An Era Of Globalization, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses how the increasing reach and efficiency of telecommunications and mass transport in an era of globalization pose new opportunity for international crime.

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Guns, Youth Violence, And Social Identity In Inner Cities, Jeffrey Fagan, Deanna L. Wilkinson Jan 1998

Guns, Youth Violence, And Social Identity In Inner Cities, Jeffrey Fagan, Deanna L. Wilkinson

Faculty Scholarship

While youth violence has always been a critical part of delinquency, the modern epidemic is marked by high rates of gun violence. Adolescents in cities possess and carry guns on a large scale, guns are often at the scene of youth violence, and guns often are used. Guns play a central role in initiating, sustaining, and elevating the epidemic of youth violence. The demand for guns among youth was fueled by an "ecology of danger," comprising street gangs, expanding drug markets with high intrinsic levels of violence, high rates of adult violence and fatalities, and cultural styles of gun possession …

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Conceptualizing The Impact Of Health Care Crimes On The Poor, Brian K. Payne Jan 1998

Conceptualizing The Impact Of Health Care Crimes On The Poor, Brian K. Payne

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Past research shows that a small percentage of health care employees commit an assortment of criminal acts while on the job. Missing from previous research, however, is an examination of the effects such acts have on the poor (i.e. the victims). This paper fills this void by considering the effects of three broadly defined health care crimes: Medicaid fraud, elder abuse, and prescription fraud. In addition to the direct victimization experiences of those served by me health care system, the physical, economic, and time losses are also considered. Implications for future research and policy are provided.

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The Express: October 3, 1997, Taylor University Fort Wayne Oct 1997

The Express: October 3, 1997, Taylor University Fort Wayne

1997-1998 (Volume 2)

Campus takes a bite out of crime — New position unites enrollment services — Editorials — Taylor’s own 7XBrighter releases “Become…” — Off Rudisill — Macintosh laboratory gets a power surge — Falcon soccer team young but talented — Lady Falcons confident despite tough schedule — Falcon Sports Schedule — Jame Session, Taylor’s Top 10

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Fort Wayne Alumnus, Taylor University Fort Wayne Jan 1997

Fort Wayne Alumnus, Taylor University Fort Wayne

TUFW Alumni Publications (All)

The Winter 1997 edition of The Fort Wayne Alumnus, published by Taylor University Fort Wayne in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

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Crime Control And Harassment Of The Innocent, Raymond Dacey, Kenneth S. Gallant Jan 1997

Crime Control And Harassment Of The Innocent, Raymond Dacey, Kenneth S. Gallant

Law Faculty Scholarship

Crime control through law enforcement is generally considered to be a two-part process of appre­hending and incapacitating or rehabilitating the guilty, and deterring the innocent from crime by the threat of punishment. The analysis presented here shows that the protection of the innocent from harass­ment-detention, arrest, punishment, and other intrusions by the criminal justice system-is important in deterring crime. Specifically, the analysis shows that deterrence from crime is weakened and then lost for a rational individual who holds the majority attitude toward risk, if the levels of rightful punishment and wrongful harassment are increased, as in a war on crime, …

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Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel Charles Jan 1997

Fourth Amendment Accommodations: (Un)Compelling Public Needs, Balancing Acts, And The Fiction Of Consent, Guy-Uriel Charles

Faculty Scholarship

The problems of public housing-including crime, drugs, and gun violence- have received an enormous amount of national attention. Much attention has also focused on warrantless searches and consent searches as solutions to these problems. This Note addresses the constitutionality of these proposals and asserts that if the Supreme Court's current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is taken to its logical extremes, warrantless searches in public housing can be found constitutional. The author argues, however, that such an interpretation fails to strike the proper balance between public need and privacy in the public housing context. The Note concludes by proposing alternative consent-based regimes …

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Crime And Its Relationship To The University Medical Center, Paul D Shapiro Jan 1997

Crime And Its Relationship To The University Medical Center, Paul D Shapiro

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This study explores the relationship between crime and violence and the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada. An investigation was conducted to determine how crime and violence affects the medical center from an economic, security, staff and organizational response perspective; Nursing staff and security officer interviews, supplemented with security department incident reports, suggest a perception problem exists. Nurses interviewed believe a major cost of crime and violence at the medical center is the perceived threat to their personal safety by gang members and patients under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Security officer interviews and data from incident reports suggest …

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Passion's Progress: Modern Law Reform And The Provocation Defense, Victoria Nourse Jan 1997

Passion's Progress: Modern Law Reform And The Provocation Defense, Victoria Nourse

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Based on a systematic study of fifteen years of passion murder cases, this article concludes that reform challenges our conventional ideas of a "crime of passion" and, in the process, leads to a murder law that is both illiberal and often perverse. If life tells us that crimes of passion are the stuff of sordid affairs and bedside confrontations, reform tells us that the law's passion may be something quite different. A significant number of the reform cases the author has studied involve no sexual infidelity whatsoever, but only the desire of the killer's victim to leave a miserable relationship. …

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Alaska Criminal Statute Cross-Reference Guide, Allan R. Barnes, Julie R. Watson Nov 1996

Alaska Criminal Statute Cross-Reference Guide, Allan R. Barnes, Julie R. Watson

AJSAC reports

This guide provides cross-references between Alaska criminal statutes and National Criminal Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), Alaska OBTS, and Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) codes. The guide also includes brief annotations of each statute. The guide is also available in a computerized version. An accompanying volume, Conversion Tables for Use with the Alaska OBTS Database and the Alaska Criminal Statute Cross-Reference Guide, is designed for use with printed versions of the guide. The guide reflects legislative changes in Alaska Statutes through 1997, but is no longer updated.

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Is American Violence A Crime Problem?, Franklin E. Zimring, Gordon Hawkins Oct 1996

Is American Violence A Crime Problem?, Franklin E. Zimring, Gordon Hawkins

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Crime And Punishment: Benign Neglect Of Racism In The Criminal Justice System, Angela J. Davis Jan 1996

Crime And Punishment: Benign Neglect Of Racism In The Criminal Justice System, Angela J. Davis

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This article is a literary review and analysis of Malign Neglect: Race, Crime, and Punishment in America by Michael Tonry (1995). Part I of this review describes Tonry's analysis of the crime policies of the Reagan and Bush administrations. Part II discusses Tonry's indictment of the War on Drugs and criticizes his failure to acknowledge the effects of discriminatory prosecutorial practices and sentencing laws. Part III critiques Tonry's trivialization of the significance of race discrimination in the criminal justice system more generally. Part IV summarizes Tonry's proposals for change and stresses the importance of documenting, examining, and eliminating racial bias …

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New Strategies For Combatting Crime In New York City, William J. Bratton Jan 1996

New Strategies For Combatting Crime In New York City, William J. Bratton

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Lecture by the Commissioner of the New York Police Department. Remarks focused on why crime came down in New York City. It traces the history of policing before the 1970s, when police departments began to professionalize and the advent of community policing in the 1990s.

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Tiptoeing Through The Tulips: The Supreme Court's Major, But Modest By Comparison, Criminal Law Rulings During The 1994-95 Term, William E. Hellerstein Jan 1996

Tiptoeing Through The Tulips: The Supreme Court's Major, But Modest By Comparison, Criminal Law Rulings During The 1994-95 Term, William E. Hellerstein

Touro Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Las Vegas Apartment Complexes, Kim Michelle Hardy Jan 1996

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Las Vegas Apartment Complexes, Kim Michelle Hardy

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Many case studies have been published that report a reduction in crime as a result of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Although methodologies and results of some studies have been questioned, there is agreement that the designed environment can influence human behavior; Findings in this study were generated by the analysis of two Las Vegas apartment complexes. Managers at one complex reported eliminating burglaries after providing individual gardens for their residents. My hypothesis was that the addition of gardens to existing characteristics at the study complex provided a high number of CPTED features which would result in a low …

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An Economic Analysis Of The Death Penalty, Martin Kasten Jan 1996

An Economic Analysis Of The Death Penalty, Martin Kasten

University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics

From an economic perspective, society should only use capital punishment if the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal costs. In the course of analyzing the economic efficiency of capital punishment, and before providing any recommendations, both the benefits and costs of the death penalty must be evaluated. Since the death penalty has been implemented for centuries, many people believe its benefits outweigh its costs. The evaluation of benefits in Part II will be compared to the costs assessed in Part III to determine if this long held assertion is correct.

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The Distinction Between Crime And Tort In The Early Common Law, David J. Seipp Jan 1996

The Distinction Between Crime And Tort In The Early Common Law, David J. Seipp

Faculty Scholarship

Lawyers and judges in English royal courts between 1200 and 1500 drew a distinction between crime and tort. Each type of lawsuit-each writ or action-had its own form and nature. Medieval English lawyers grouped these individual actions into categories such as real actions and personal actions, writs of possession and writs of right.' The lawyers recognized categories that later acquired the labels crime and tort, although those were not the names for them in the early common law. Crimes were prosecuted by actions known as indictments and appeals of felony. Torts were remedied by writs of trespass alleging use of …

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Independent, No.1, September 28, 1995, Kean College Of New Jersey Sep 1995

Independent, No.1, September 28, 1995, Kean College Of New Jersey

Independent 1995-1999

The Independent was a student-run newspaper created in 1960 at Newark State College, now Kean University. The proceeding title was The Reflector. The editor of this issue was Leah Karnatski.

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The Dissident : Vol. 1, No. 3 - September 1995, The Dissident (Portland Me) Sep 1995

The Dissident : Vol. 1, No. 3 - September 1995, The Dissident (Portland Me)

The Dissident

The Dissident was a monthly journal of ideas and analysis (published June 1995 – January 2000 in Portland, Maine) to provide a forum for Maine writers, activists, and scholars committed to social justice and political change.

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