Digital Commons Network^™

Type I Ifn Signaling Protects Mice From Lethal Sars-Cov-2 Neuroinvasion., Md Bashir Uddin, Yuejin Liang, Shengjun Shao, Sunil Palani, Michael Mckelvey, Scott C. Weaver, Keer Sun

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Multiple organ damage is common in patients with severe COVID-19, even though the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Acute viral infection typically activates type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling. The antiviral role of IFN-I is well characterized in vitro. However, our understanding of how IFN-I regulates host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo is incomplete. Using a human ACE2-transgenic mouse model, we show in the present study that IFN-I receptor signaling is essential for protection against the acute lethality of SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Interestingly, although IFN-I signaling limits viral replication in the lung, the primary infection site, it is dispensable …

The Prevalence Of And Factors Associated With Anxiety And Depression Among Working-Age Adults In Mainland China At The Early Remission Stage Of The Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic, Haixia Xie, Xiaowei Huang, Qi Zhang, Yan Wei, Xuheng Zeng, Fengshui Chang, Shuyin Wu

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to a considerable proportion of adverse psychological symptoms in different subpopulations. This study aimed to investigate the status of anxiety and depression and their associated factors in the adult, working-age population in Mainland China at the early remission stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: An online study was conducted among 1,863 participants in 29 provinces in Mainland China from March 23 to 31, 2020. Their mental health was evaluated by the generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive analysis, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regressions were applied.

Results: …

Effectiveness Of Wechat-Group-Based Parental Health Education In Preventing Unintentional Injuries Among Children Aged 0-3: Randomized Controlled Trial In Shanghai, Yuheng Feng, Xueqi Ma, Qi Zhang, Ruo Jiang, Jun Lu, Kaiyue Chen, Huiping Wang, Qinghua Xia, Jicui Zheng, Jingwei Xia, Xiaohong Li

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries to children are a major public health problem. The online social media is a potential way to implement health education for caregivers in online communities. Using WeChat, a free and popular social media service in China, this study evaluated the effectiveness of social online community-based parental health education in preventing unintentional injuries in children aged 0-3.

METHODS: We recruited 365 parents from two community health centers in Shanghai and allocated them into intervention and control groups randomly. Follow-up lasted for one year. The intervention group received and followed their WeChat group and a WeChat official account for …

Mental Health Providers’ Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Aubrey Faber

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in closures, increased stressors, and a high need for mental health services. To provide continuity of care and meet the rising need for therapy, mental health providers rapidly transitioned to telehealth. This transition occurred with the support of policy changes and leniency in telehealth guidelines. A survey including participant and client demographic variables, readiness for telehealth, transition time, methods for telehealth practice, and therapist efficacy in-person and via telehealth was created in Qualtrics. It was completed by 79 mental health providers to provide insight into this transition and inform future practice. This study hypothesized that (1) …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Healthcare Professionals' Occupational Lives, Javed A. Mohammed, Ronald Kevin Dela Cruz

OCCUPATION: A Medium of Inquiry about Health through Occupation

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a period of instability for billions of people around the world. Healthcare systems have been severely strained by the influx of infected patients, placing much of that hardship on healthcare professionals (HCPs). Occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech-language pathologists, doctors, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other essential personnel—individuals who will be inclusive of the term “HCPs”—continue to struggle with frequent occupational disruption. This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occupational lives of HCPs at the national and international levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically increased work-related stress leading to anxiety, depression, burnout, and …

Vaccine Apartheid: A Human Rights Analysis Of Covid-19 Vaccine Inequity, Sarah Joseph, Gregory Dore

Florida State University Journal of Transnational Law & Policy

In this paper, we analyse the inequity in current global vaccine distribution through the lens of international human rights law. First, we introduce the currently available COVID-19 vaccines, before discussing causes and consequences of vaccine inequity, as well as efforts to expand global vaccine access. We then turn to explain the relevant obligations of states regarding human rights to health, life, and equitable access to the benefits of technology. In light of those obligations, we assess the human rights compatibility of vaccine procurement and vaccine aid. After a discussion of the possible human rights responsibilities of the pharmaceutical companies that …

Access, Socioeconomic Environment, And Death From Covid-19 In Nebraska, He Bai, Michelle M. Schwedhelm, John-Martin Lowe, Rachel Lookadoo, Daniel R. Anderson, Abigail Lowe, James V. Lawler, M. Jana Broadhurst, David Brett-Major

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Our study assesses whether factors related to healthcare access in the first year of the pandemic affect mortality and length of stay (LOS). Our cohort study examined hospitalized patients at Nebraska Medicine between April and October 2020 who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and had a charted sepsis related diagnostic code. Multivariate logistic was used to analyze the odds of mortality and linear regression was used to calculate the parameter estimates of LOS associated with COVID-19 status, age, gender, race/ethnicity, median household income, admission month, and residential distance from definitive care. Among 475 admissions, the odds of mortality is greater among …

Development Of Balanced Budget Bites And Feasibility Evaluation, Holly Hansen, Kendra Kattelmann, Kathryn Morrison, Becky Jensen, Hailey Millner, Addison Reimer, Jen Sip, Brittany Canfield, Cydney Chamberlain

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

Objective: Balanced Budget Bites was created to educate individuals of Feeding Brookings about different cooking techniques, food safety, meal planning, budgeting, and financial resources in the Brookings, SD area while highlighting lower-cost food items. Participants and Recruitment: The target audience of Balanced Budget Bites were individuals that participated in Feeding Brookings that were recruited for four weeks via a flyer and a posting of the flyer on Feeding Brookings’ Facebook page. Method and Implementation: Participants of Feeding Brookings completed a pre-survey before taking Balanced Budget Bites to assess their skills, confidence, and knowledge related to nutrition and finance. The online …

Determination Of Key Inflection Points For Maladaptive Responses In Us Nurses During The Pandemic: A Network Analysis, Fan Li, Umit Tokac, Kimberly Werner, Anne F. Fish, Qingqing Lou

Nursing Faculty Works

Introduction: During the pandemic, the nursing workforce is experiencing overwhelming workloads that carry a heavy psychological burden. A wide variety of psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied in nurses globally, but many are not studied or understudied in US nurses. Theoretical underpinnings of the current study are based on the disaster component of the Middle-Range Theory of Nurses' Psychological Trauma. Objective: To explore the associations of psychological responses (life satisfaction, perceived stress, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptomatology, attitude toward life, and compassion satisfaction), years of experience, and general health in US nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic using …

From A Distance: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Of Sixth To Twelfth Grade Stem Teachers’ Perceptions Toward Teaching English Learners Remotely During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Michelle Angela Figueiredo

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in China and spread globally in early 2020 caused schools to shut down and forced educators to adapt their curricula to an online format. For many students, especially English language learners (ELs), this disruption exposed vast disparities to access and equitable instruction. For science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) educators, this presented several challenges and barriers in adapting science content that required hands on experiential learning to a virtual, two-dimensional format. For English learners (ELs) in STEM classes, it has been particularly challenging learning in this new remote modality. The study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis …

Lessons Learned From Covid-19: Provider Suggestions For Improving Service Delivery In Sexual Violence Resource Centers And Children's Advocacy Centers In Kentucky, Whitney Cassity-Caywood, Matthew Woodward, Austin Griffiths, Alecia Hatfield

Contemporary Rural Social Work Journal

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges for human service providers, especially as face-to-face services were limited by both formal and informal efforts to protect public health. Telehealth has emerged as a main strategy to ensure continuity of care. This study explored adaptations to services in child advocacy centers (CACs) and sexual violence resource centers (SVRCs) across the Commonwealth of Kentucky, particularly using telehealth. This study highlights respondents’ suggestions about improving these service delivery systems and the particular emphasis on challenges and strengths of telehealth for reaching those in rural areas.

Occupational Health And Safety For Commercial Pilots During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Autumn M. Dawley

OT Student Capstones

BACKGROUND

The aviation industry has been growing with the number of aircraft pilots jumping from 590,038 in 2015 to 664,563 in 2019. With an increasing demand for distribution of cargo, a review of the effects of work-related stressors during the coronavirus pandemic and, further, a solution to increase the health and well-being of individuals in the industry is essential. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) addresses fatigue and routinely revises regulations which alleviate job stress; however, the coronavirus pandemic has added new stressors to the aviation industry.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic …

Governors State University Operating Plan - Academic Year 2021-2022, Governors State University

President Cheryl Green

Throughout the pandemic, Governors State University (the “University” or “GSU”) has prioritized the health and safety of the GSU community while focusing on providing high-quality instruction and advising, no matter the delivery platform. It will continue to do so for Academic Year 2021-22 (AY22) as outlined in this plan. The times are unprecedented, and the campus has drawn on its history of innovation and flexibility to construct the Academic Year 2021-2022 Operating Plan (the “Operating Plan”) with its models of working and learning that meet campus needs. The University has been monitoring current public health conditions, including the recent rise …

Locked In: The Impact Of The Pandemic On Suicide, Evelyn Coile, Tatiana Eversley-Kelso, Eric Shaw, Sara Hamilton

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2022

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Elementary School Teachers’ Practices And Perceptions Across The Spring And Fall 2020 Semesters, J. Marc Goodrich, Michael Hebert, Jessica M. Namkung

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Following the closure of schools in the spring 2020 semester due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed two surveys to understand how the pandemic affected elementary education in the U.S. First, we distributed a survey at the end of the spring 2020 semester to understand how school closures impacted delivery of instruction. Second, we conducted a follow up survey in November 2020 to determine the nature of instruction provided to students when schools did or did not re-open in Fall 2020 and understand teachers’ perceptions of student learning and achievement during the pandemic. Each survey was sent to a sample …

Football In Dr Congo: A Critical Account Of “Congolese Football”, Tamba Nlandu

2022 Faculty Bibliography

Among the giants of African football, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has had, since its first participation in continental and world competitions, its moments of glory and demise. The paradox of Congolese football is epitomized by its success during times of political dictatorship, winning two African Cup of Nations (1968 and 1974) under the Mobutu regime, and its decline during times of democratic trials, failing to either qualify for or advance beyond the group stage of Confederation of African Football (CAF) and FIFA competitions. Without any doubt, the DRC has always been blessed with both human and natural resources. …

An Exploratory Study On The Impact Of Covid-19 On U.S. State Boards Of Accountancy, J Gregory Jenkins, Velina Popova, Mark D. Sheldon

2022 Faculty Bibliography

In the United States (U.S.) individual state boards of accountancy govern the accounting profession within each state. When COVID-19 struck the U.S., state boards worked to maintain normal operations. This study examines how COVID-19 affected the regulatory and oversight activities of the state boards of accountancy and the ways in which boards adapted to the pandemic. We interview executive directors from 21 state boards to determine the pandemic’s impact on board operations and continuing professional education requirements. We also evaluate whether state boards implemented guidance from parties such as theNational Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA), and the resources …

Understanding The Mental And Emotional Impacts Of Being A Caregiver Of Socially Isolated Residents During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Chloe Kerrick

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The mental health and emotional wellbeing of individuals has declined in many ways over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some groups have seen more drastic changes in their mental health and emotional wellbeing, especially those working in healthcare. While nearly all healthcare facility workers have experienced an increased burden brought about by the pandemic, long-term care facility workers have been tasked with caring for clients that, for periods of time, experienced complete social isolation. This project will attempt to answer the question of how caring for a group of socially isolated residents over an extended period has affected the …

Examining Gender Differences In Academia Within A Pandemic: Exploring The Relationship Among Social Comparisons, Emotional Demands, And Not Saying No, Mia Kendrick

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an evident impact on the workforce. Pandemicrelated job demands have been linked with an increase of emotional exhaustion (Barello et al., 2020) and burnout in healthcare workers (Cotel et al., 2021). Research suggests emotional demands and social comparison are associated with emotional exhaustion (Geisler et al., 2019; Tuxford & Bradley, 2015; Fischer, 2009; Buunk, et al., 2001). Furthermore, emotional exhaustion may be facilitated by not saying no to extra work demands. The relationship between social comparison behaviors, emotional demands, and not saying no may be different for male and female employees. Integrating the job demands-resources …

Identification Of Distinct Immune Cell Subsets Associated With Asymptomatic Infection, Disease Severity, And Viral Persistence In Covid-19 Patients, Xiaorui Wang, Han Bai, Junpeng Ma, Hongyu Qin, Qiqi Zeng, Fang Hu, Tingting Jiang, Weikang Mao, Yang Zhao, Xiaobei Chen, Xin Qi, Mengyang Li, Jiao Xu, Jingcan Hao, Yankui Wang, Xi Ding, Yuanrui Liu, Tianlong Huang, Chao Fang, Changli Ge, Dong Li, Ke Hu, Xianwen Ren, Baojun Zhang, Binghong Zhang, Bingyin Shi, Chengsheng Zhang

Faculty Research 2022

The cell-mediated protective and pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely elusive. Here we identified 76 distinct cell subsets in the PBMC samples that were associated with various clinical presentations of COVID-19 using scRNA-seq technology coupled with a deep and comprehensive analysis of unique cell surface markers and differentially expressed genes. We revealed that (TRAV1-2CD8)MAIT cells and (NCAM1CD160)NK cells significantly enriched in the asymptomatic subjects whereas (LAG3CD160CD8)NKT cells increased in the symptomatic patients. We also observed that (CD68CSF1RIL1BCD14)classical monocytes were positively correlated with the disease severity. Moreover, (CD33HLA-DMACD14)classical monocytes and (CLEC10AS100A9)pDC were associated with the viral persistence. The GO …

A Community Effort For Covid-19 Ontology Harmonization, Asiyah Yu Lin, Yuki Yamagata, William D. Duncan, Leigh Carmody, Tatsuya Kushida, Hiroshi Masuya, John Beverley, Biswanath Dutta, Michael Debellis, Zoë May Pendlington, Paola Roncaglia, Yongqun He

Faculty Research 2022

Ontologies have emerged to become critical to support data and knowledge representation, standardization, integration, and analysis. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to the rapid proliferation of COVID-19 data, as well as the development of many COVID-19 ontologies. In the interest of supporting data interoperability, we initiated a community-based effort to harmonize COVID-19 ontologies. Our effort involves the collaborative discussion among developers of seven COVID-19 related ontologies, and the merging of four ontologies. This effort demonstrates the feasibility of harmonizing these ontologies in an interoperable framework to support integrative representation and analysis of COVID-19 related data and knowledge.

Understanding The Role Of Sleep And Personality On Emerging Adult Mental Health In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Dywayne Johnson

Undergraduate Research Posters 2022

Emerging adulthood is a critical developmental period that affords many new opportunities for adolescents as they transition to adulthood; however, studies reported that the pandemic caused significant disruptions in terms of development for young adults. As such, it is critical that researchers work to further our understanding of the impacts of COVID-19 on core areas of young adult functioning. Sleep plays an integral role in understanding the effects of mental health, but the impact of the pandemic on sleep in young adults is one area that has been understudied. The main focus of the present study is to highlight the …

Numeracy And Covid-19: Examining Interrelationships Between Numeracy, Health Numeracy And Behaviour, Nathan T.T. Lau, Eric D. Wilkey, Mojtaba Soltanlou, Rebekka Lagacé Cusiac, Lien Peters, Paul Tremblay, Celia Goffin, Isabella Starling Alves, Andrew David Ribner, Clarissa Thompson, Jo Van Hoof, Julia Bahnmueller, Aymee Alvarez, Elien Bellon, Ilse Coolen, Fanny Ollivier, Daniel Ansari

Paediatrics Publications

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people across the globe have been exposed to large amounts of statistical data. Previous studies have shown that individuals mathematical understanding of health-related information affects their attitudes and behaviours. Here, we investigate the relation between (i) basic numeracy, (ii) COVID-19 health numeracy, and (iii) COVID-19 health-related attitudes and behaviours. An online survey measuring these three variables was distributed in Canada, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 2032). In line with predictions, basic numeracy was positively related to COVID-19 health numeracy. However, predictions, neither basic numeracy nor COVID-19 health numeracy was related …

Experiences Of At-Risk Women In Accessing Breastfeeding Social Support During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emila Siwik, Samantha Larose, Dalia Peres, Kimberley T. Jackson, Shauna M. Burke, Tara Mantler

Paediatrics Publications

Background: With strict public health measures implemented in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many breastfeeding parents, who are within an at-risk population, have experienced limited formal and/or informal breastfeeding social support. In the Canadian context, the experiences of these women is unknown. Research Aim: To explore the experiences of at-risk postpartum breastfeeding women in accessing formal and informal breastfeeding social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal interpretive description study using mixed methods. Data were gathered using an online survey and one 52–112-min semi-structured interview at 12-weeks postpartum. At-risk breastfeeding participants were those who …

Patients With Severe Covid-19 Do Not Have Elevated Autoantibodies Against Common Diagnostic Autoantigens, Antigona Ulndreaj, Mingyue Wang, Salvia Misaghian, Louis Paone, George B. Sigal, Martin Stengelin, Christopher Campbell, Logan R. Van Nynatten, Antoninus Soosaipillai, Atefeh Ghorbani, Anu Mathew, Douglas D. Fraser, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Ioannis Prassas

Paediatrics Publications

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents occasionally with an aberrant autoinflammatory response, including the presence of elevated circulating autoantibodies in some individuals. Whether the development of autoantibodies against self-antigens affects COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. To better understand the prognostic role of autoantibodies in COVID-19, we quantified autoantibodies against 23 markers that are used for diagnosis of autoimmune disease. To this end, we used serum samples from patients with severe [intensive care unit (ICU)] and moderate (ward) COVID-19, across two to six consecutive time points, and compared autoantibody levels to …

Impacts Of Covid-19 On The Coping Behaviours Of Canadian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence, Tara Mantler, Katie J. Shillington, Cara A. Davidson, Julia Yates, Jennifer D. Irwin, Brenna Kaschor, Kimberley T. Jackson

Paediatrics Publications

Background: Strict public health measures central to slowing the spread of COVID-19 have, unintentionally, exacerbated risks for women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) while impeding their usual coping strategies. The goal of this study was to understand how coping was influenced by COVID-19 for women who have experienced IPV and identify changes in coping strategies and gaps that need to be addressed to support coping. Methods: A qualitatively driven, sequential, cross-sectional design, where quantitative data informed and was embedded within qualitative data collection, was used to explore the experiences of IPV (CAS-R-SF scale) and coping (Brief-COPE scale) specific to IPV …

Navigating Multiple Pandemics: A Critical Analysis Of The Impact Of Covid-19 Policy Responses On Gender-Based Violence Services, Tara Mantler, C. Nadine Wathen, Caitlin Burd, Jennifer C.D. Macgregor, Isobel Mclean, Jill Veenendaal

Paediatrics Publications

COVID-19 illustrated what governments can do to mobilise against a global threat. Despite the strong governmental response to COVID-19 in Canada, another ‘pandemic’, gender-based violence (GBV), has been causing grave harm with generally insufficient policy responses. Using interpretive description methodology, 26 interviews were conducted with shelter staff and 5 focus groups with 24 executive directors (EDs) from GBV service organizations in Ontario, Canada. Five main themes were identified and explored, namely that: (1) there are in fact four pandemics at play; (2) the interplay of pandemics amplified existing systemic weaknesses; (3) the key role of informal partnerships and community support, …

Parents’ Attitudes Regarding Their Children’S Play And Sport During Covid-19, Monika B. Szpunar, Leigh M. Vanderloo, Brianne A. Bruijns, Stephanie Truelove, Shauna M. Burke, Jason Gilliland, Jennifer D. Irwin, Patricia Tucker

Geography & Environment Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have interrupted the daily routines of parents and children. The purpose of this study was to explore parents’ attitudes regarding their children’s play/sport during COVID-19. A secondary objective was to explore the influence of parent demographics and parent-reported physical activity levels and risk tolerance on these attitudes. Ontario parents of children aged 12 and younger completed an online survey (August—December 2020) that assessed their attitudes (grouped by support, safety and socialization-related attitudes; n = 14 items) regarding their child(ren)’s play/sport, their physical activity levels (n = 2 items), and demographic details …

Disentangling The Cognitive, Physical, And Mental Health Sequelae Of Covid-19, Conor J. Wild, Loretta Norton, David K. Menon, David A. Ripsman, Richard H. Swartz, Adrian M. Owen

Neuroscience Institute Publications

As COVID-19 cases exceed hundreds of millions globally, many survivors face cognitive challenges and prolonged symptoms. However, important questions about the cognitive effects of COVID-19 remain unresolved. In this cross-sectional online study, 478 adult volunteers who self-reported a positive test for COVID-19 (mean = 30 days since most recent test) perform significantly worse than pre-pandemic norms on cognitive measures of processing speed, reasoning, verbal, and overall performance, but not short-term memory, suggesting domain-specific deficits. Cognitive differences are even observed in participants who did not require hospitalization. Factor analysis of health- and COVID-related questionnaires reveals two clusters of symptoms—one that varies …

Well-Being Of Canadian Veterans During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Results From The Covid-19 Veteran Well-Being Study, J. Don Richardson, Kate St Cyr, Callista Forchuk, Jenny J.W. Liu, Rachel A. Plouffe, Tri Le, Dominic Gargala, Erisa Deda, Vanessa Soares, Fardous Hosseiny, Patrick Smith, Gabrielle Dupuis, Maya Roth, Andrew Bridgen, Michelle Marlborough, Rakesh Jetly, Alexandra Heber, Ruth Lanius, Anthony Nazarov

Neuroscience Institute Publications

Background: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have disproportionally affected different population groups. Veterans are more likely to have pre-existing mental health conditions compared to the general Canadian population, experience compounded stressors resulting from disruptions to familial, social, and occupational domains, and were faced with changes in health-care delivery (e.g. telehealth). The objectives of this study are to assess (a) the mental health impact of COVID-19 and related life changes on the well-being of Veterans and (b) perceptions of and satisfaction with changes in health-care treatments and delivery during the pandemic. Methods: A total of 1136 Canadian Veterans participated in …