Digital Commons Network^™

Adapting Postgraduate Emergency Medicine Training During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Lessons From The Gwu-India Master Of Emergency Medicine Program, Nancy Saral Mary, Narendra Nath Jena, Nardos Makonnen, Joseph D. Pauly, Saumya Shanmugathaik, Janice Blanchard

URGENT Matters

No abstract provided.

A Glimpse Into Classrooms: Teachers’ Experiences Pre- And Post-Covid, Sam Hilbert, Katherine Wheeler, Robin H. Lock, Janna Brendle, Kassi Gregory

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many schools to pause in-person learning. Prior research indicates that these closures affected overall mental health and student academic performance. Mental health concerns, particularly anxiety and depression, were exacerbated for many school-aged children during these closures. Research has linked disorders, such as anxiety and depression, with changes in behaviors. Academic gaps have also been linked with negatively displayed behaviors in school settings. COVID school closures resulted in a 25% increased global prevalence of anxiety and depression diagnoses and an estimated 1-year academic loss in student learning. Although both variables have been shown to contribute to changes …

Rapid Recovery Of Peripheral Oxygen Saturation In Hypoxic Covid-19 Patients With Ivermectin/Doxycycline/Zinc Multidrug Therapy, Sabine Hazan, Adriana C. Vidal, Eleftherios Gkioulekas, Anoja W. Gunaratne, Sibaish Dolai, Robert L. Clancy, Peter A. Mccullough, Thomas J. Borody

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Several combination therapies for the early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 were proposed by independent research groups at the onset of the pandemic during 2020 and 2021. In this observational study, we report on the outcomes of an off-label triple combination therapy, consisting of ivermectin, doxycycline, and zinc, with adjunct vitamin C and D3 supplementation, which was used on high-risk COVID-19 patients. These patients refused an initial recommendation to seek inpatient care, despite a high-risk presentation compounded with one or more comorbidities and/or severe hypoxia. Telemedicine was used to administer personalized treatment to patients at home, who did not have access …

Financial Wisdom Across Political Identities: Exploring Insights From A Convenience Sample Of Participants During The Global Pandemic, Miguel Quiñones, Virginia Zuiker, Yiting Li, Hanna Yu

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global economic crisis that magnified financial hardships and revealed how political affiliation shapes financial behavior. This study examined how U.S. residents with differing political orientations navigated financial uncertainty, drawing on open-ended survey responses collected in fall 2020. Results show both commonalities and nuanced differences across political lines. Across groups, participants emphasized saving for emergencies, living within their means, seeking financial support, and building skills to increase income—underscoring the universality of core financial principles during crises. However, distinctions also emerged: Republican participants more frequently emphasized self-sufficiency, often seeking additional jobs or withdrawing from retirement funds; Independents …

Gender Differences In Streaming Service Adoption And Cancellation During Covid-19, Dylan Lewis

Florida Atlantic Undergraduate Research Journal

For over a decade, the rise of subscription-based entertainment models has appeared inevitable. This trend became even more apparent when the world went into lockdown to curb the spread of COVID-19. During this time, many people began reevaluating how they allocated their discretionary income for day-to-day purchases as the future looked bleak. The purpose of this study was to examine people’s preferences between subscription-based models and one-time purchases. To do this, a 12-question survey was conducted, and data were collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk, yielding over 195 responses. The results indicate a statistically significant relationship between age and the use …

Clinical And Laboratory Profile Of Pediatric Covid-19 Cases: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study At The Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Oras Abd Al-Rahman Mankhi, Hassanien Habeeb Ghali

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a global health challenge. Although children are generally less severely affected than adults, severe outcomes and mortality continue to be reported, particularly in low-resource settings. paediatric cases may present with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 in Iraq is essential for improving diagnosis, management, and outcomes.Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH), Baghdad, and to identify factors associated with disease severity.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on …

The Effect Of Vaccine Mandates On Disease Spread: Evidence From College Covid-19 Mandates, Riley K. Acton, Wenjia Cao, Emily E. Cook, Scott A. Imberman, Michael F. Lovenheim

Research Collection School Of Economics

Nearly 700 4-year U.S. colleges mandated students receive COVID-19 vaccinations in fall 2021. Using data on college policies and county health, we estimate how mandates affect surrounding communities. Event studies from August to November 2021 show that mandates covering all colleges in a county reduced COVID-19 deaths by 5.6 per 100,000 persons, a 4.6% reduction in the U.S. total during this period. Mandates reduced COVID cases by 504 and ICU admissions by 16.2 per 100,000, though we see no statistically significant impact on hospitalizations. Impacts are larger in counties with larger college populations and low estimated ex-ante student vaccination rates.

Covid-19 Case Study, Armando Olmeda

Distinguished Student Scholarship Collection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to affect healthcare systems and public health worldwide. This case study examines COVID-19 from an epidemiological perspective by looking at how the disease spreads, the populations most affected, the major risk factors, and the impact on healthcare systems. It also analyzes key epidemiological measures, including incidence, prevalence, hospitalization, and mortality trends, to better understand how the pandemic has changed over time. The findings show that older adults, individuals with chronic medical conditions, and socially disadvantaged populations continue to experience the greatest burden of disease, with social determinants of health playing an important …

The Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Diagnostic Testing Time Completion For African American End Stage Renal Disease (Esrd) Patients Being Evaluated For Kidney Transplantation, Kesha Levesque, Martina Mueller, Julie Anderson, Jennifer Gander, Gayenell Magwood Phd, Rn, Faha, Faan, Ahmed I. Kamal, Michael Jin Casey, Susan Newman Phd, Rn, Crrn, Faan

Publications

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic was directly associated with fewer additions to the kidney transplant waiting list and likely contributed to delays in transplant rates, particularly for African Americans. It remains unclear if the pandemic specifically had an impact on diagnostic testing time completion for African Americans being evaluated for kidney transplant waitlisting. AIMS: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on kidney transplant diagnostic test completion time and assess racial disparities between African American and White patients. DESIGN: This retrospective study analyzed data on patients approved for kidney transplantation at a southeastern academic medical center between January 2018 and …

The Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Diagnostic Testing Time Completion For African American End Stage Renal Disease (Esrd) Patients Being Evaluated For Kidney Transplantation, Kesha Levesque, Martina Mueller, Julie Anderson, Jennifer Gander, Gayenell Magwood Phd, Rn, Faha, Faan, Ahmed I. Kamal, Michael Jin Casey, Susan Newman Phd, Rn, Crrn, Faan

Publications

PURPOSE:

The COVID-19 pandemic was directly associated with fewer additions to the kidney transplant waiting list and likely contributed to delays in transplant rates, particularly for African Americans. It remains unclear if the pandemic specifically had an impact on diagnostic testing time completion for African Americans being evaluated for kidney transplant waitlisting.

AIMS:

To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on kidney transplant diagnostic test completion time and assess racial disparities between African American and White patients.

DESIGN:

This retrospective study analyzed data on patients approved for kidney transplantation at a southeastern academic medical center between January 2018 and …

Flavonoid Profiling, Molecular Docking, And Modulatory Effects Of Artemisia Herba- Alba Leaf Extract On Ace2 And Tmprss2 Gene Expression, Zainab Tuama Al-Dallee, Kawther Tuma Khalaf, Ula M. Noor Al-Mousawi, Hiba Najeh Alsaad, Emad Yousif Awad Al-Sultan

Baghdad Science Journal

Several studies have reported the potential antiviral activity of Artemisia species, which is related mainly to their flavonoid constituents. Transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are critical SARS-CoV-2 entry factors. In this study, the phytochemical composition and modulatory effects of Artemisia herba-alba leaf extract on the gene expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were investigated. To identify the flavonoid profile, HPLC was used. Cytotoxicity was estimated in A549 carcinoma and HDFn fibroblasts using an MTT assay (IC₅₀ = 114.8 μg/mL). The real-time PCR results revealed significant upregulation of TMPRSS2 gene expression (2.4-fold, p ≤ 0.01; …

Identifying Social Determinants Of Health Subgroups And Their Associations With Health Outcomes In A Prospective Us Adult Covid-19 Cohort: An Analysis Of The Inspire Registry, Yohali Burrola-Mendez, Eugene Lin, Canada Parrish, Chialing Hsu, Mandy J. Hill, Michael Gottlieb, Kristin L. Rising, Lauren E. Wisk, Nicole L. Gentile, Rachel E. Geyer, Robert A. Weinstein, Michelle Santangelo, Kristyn Gatling, Jonathan W. Dyal, Joann G. Elmore, Robert M. Rodriguez, Phillip Watts, Ji Chen, Zihan Diao, Erica S. Spatz, Kwun Cg Chan, K A. Stephens, Kelli N. O'Laughlin, Inspire Group

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To identify subgroups with similar social determinants of health (SDOH) characteristics using latent class analysis (LCA) and examine their associations with physical and mental health, cognitive function and missed workdays at 3 and 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesised that intersecting SDOH factors would differentially influence COVID-19-related health outcomes across subgroups.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), with longitudinal data collection and cross-sectional analyses at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-ups.

SETTING: Multicentre registry across eight US academic medical centres (Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, New Haven, Philadelphia, San Francisco and …

Back To Intent: Revamping California’S Flagship Environmental Legislation And Tackling The Rise Of The “Super-Commuter”, Jordan Q. Davis

San Diego Journal of Climate & Energy Law

The passage of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) in 1970 has long been considered a watershed moment in the evolution of government participation in environmental issues. In the years since, CEQA has played a pivotal role in protecting Californians’ access to the beautiful nature offered by the Golden State. However, the very regulation that has been repeatedly relied upon to breathe clean air and drink clean water may very well be an instrument upon which Californians could return to smog-ridden skies. In this regard, CEQA’s biggest vulnerability may come from a most unexpected place: its strength.

The tools by …

The Relationship Between Psychological Stress And Sars-Cov-2 Nucleocapsid-Antibody Response Following Natural Infection: Longitudinal Findings From The Aegis Study, Erika T Beidelman, Ashley Judge, David B Allison, Stephanie Dickinson, Lilian Golzarri Arroyo, Anna L M Macagno, Michael J Ricciardi, Jon Macy, Stanley Perlman, Christina Ludema, Kevin C Maki, Molly Rosenberg

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Psychological stress can cause diminished immune response to infectious challenges. The extent this holds true during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the modifying effect of vaccination status is untested. We explored these relationships in a non-random sample standardized to the US adult population. Across 2178 participants in the Aegis study (2021-2022), we identified 507 eligible laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. We estimated the natural log of nucleocapsid-binding antibody absorbance (N-antibody) at study visits up to 225 days following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Linear mixed effects models were fit to estimate the association of baseline perceived stress and, separately, …

Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Covid-19 Severity And Prolongs Recovery: A Clinical Study From Southern Iraq, Hussein Ali Hussein Al-Hchaimi, Mohammad Ali Hassan Jassim, Mustafa Abbass, Shahab Abdulla, Ralela Makline

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the most consequential comorbidities shaping the clinical trajectory of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), operating through intersecting mechanisms of chronic inflammation, endothelial injury, and immunosuppression that collectively amplify viral pathogenicity. This study investigated the impact of diabetes type on COVID-19 symptom severity, hospitalization duration, and recovery time among patients in Nasiriyah City, southern Iraq — a region substantially underrepresented in the global DM–COVID-19 literature. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across healthcare facilities in Nasiriyah City from 2023 to 2024. A total of 150 hospitalized adult patients carrying confirmed diagnoses of both COVID-19 and type …

Socioeconomic Inequalities In Health-Related Quality Of Life During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Six-Country Comparison Using The Eq-5d-5 L, Joëlle Eijkens, Joshua M. Bonsel, You-Shan Feng, M. F. Bas Janssen, Erica I. Lubetkin, Juanita A. Haagsma

Publications and Research

Purpose

Despite the growing attention to health inequalities, there is no global consensus on how to measure socio-economic status. This study examined inequalities in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic across six countries—China, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US)—using three SES indicators: education level, income, and work status.

Methods

Between April and June 2020, individuals aged 18–75 years old completed a web-based survey. HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-5L Level Sum Score (LSS), where higher scores indicate poorer health. Country-specific differences in LSS across SES groups …

Chronic Conditions And Mortality In Medicare Beneficiaries Before And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, R J Waken, Fengxian Wang, Jose F Figueroa, Rishi K Wadhera, Khavya Avula, E John Orav, Anne Mobley Butler, Karen E Joynt Maddox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: There were well-documented changes in health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about whether there were any associated decreases in claims-based comorbidity ascertainment that might have relevance to health services and policy research.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify differences in claims-based comorbidity assessment in Medicare beneficiaries pre- vs post-COVID-19.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 30 Chronic Conditions Warehouse 1- or 2-year lookback claims algorithms to ascertain each comorbidity with exact date ranges for all fee-for-service (FFS) and Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries. Data were analyzed from April 2025 to April 2026.

EXPOSURES: The …

Strategies For High-Quality Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships In Public Health Research., Emily M. D'Agostino, Rumour Piepenbrink, Lori Brand Bateman, Dana Keener Mast, Liliane Windsor, Debra Oto-Kent, Alan Wells, Jennifer Goldman, Jennifer E. Schuster, Rachel Kaufmann, Rachel Gurarie, Miriam Nuño

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is grounded in trusting, reciprocal, and authentic relationships. We aimed to identify key strategies and actionable next steps to establish and sustain high-quality community-academic partnerships that foster community-based health equity.

STUDY DESIGN: Qualitative thematic analysis.

METHODS: We analyzed three recorded discussions from a roundtable session with community and academic partners from the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) program (2020-2025), which supported 142 community-engaged public health research projects aimed at reducing COVID-19-related health inequities.

RESULTS: Key themes identified as most fundamental to support CBPR included establishing a long-term commitment, mutual co-learning among partners, flexible and …

Early Childhood Educators’ Perceptions Of Changes In Student Executive Function Skills And Challenging Behaviors Post-Covid-19, Sofia Cicero, Raquel Plotka

Excelsior: Leadership in Teaching and Learning

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted children’s lives in a multitude of ways, including their educational and social lives. Many children had to switch to online learning platforms or follow social distancing rules. There is a lack of research exploring the lasting impact that the isolation period has left on young children, specifically those in early childhood (3-7 years old). The purpose of this study was to explore whether teachers witnessed changes in student executive function skills and challenging behaviors after the pandemic. In addition, play-based learning has been shown to improve executive function and behavioral outcomes. This study also attempted …

Trust, Civic Institutions, And Crisis: A Study Of Civic Culture In Italy, Nolan Joseph Sherwood

Master's Theses

This paper examines whether cultural familism — the orientation of trust toward family at the expense of strangers and civic institutions — shapes civic institutional engagement in Italy across three levels of analysis. The first analysis links four familism indices constructed from the European Values Study (2017) to pre-COVID municipal 5 per mille tax allocation rates across approximately 7,700 Italian municipalities, finding that higher Trust Gap and Institutional Distrust robustly predict lower baseline civic giving, both nationally and within each region. The second analysis uses a Regression Discontinuity in Time design exploiting the sharp onset of COVID-19 in 2020, finding …

Effect Of Covid-19 Treatments On Kidney Function Within Type 2 Diabetic Iraqi Patients, Esraa Abd Al-Karim Marouf

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Recent studies have shown that the use of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (especially dexamethasone) in individuals with COVID-19 can help prevent respiratory damage and death by modifying the inflammatory injury that occurs in the lung. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the use of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids on the level of diabetes and kidney function in patients with COVID-19. The study was conducted at Al-Shifa Hospital for quarantine in Ramadi city on 160 patients with COVID age range (40-70 years), some of whom had diabetes and the other did not have diabetes. They were treated with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone, …

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Psychosocial Interventions To Reduce Anxiety After Social Isolation In Adolescent Females, Bailey E. Noble

InnovateHER Meeting 2026

• COVID-19 social isolation linked with higher anxiety risk in adolescents, especially females
• Review examined whether CBT-based psychosocial interventions reduce anxiety after pandemic-related loneliness/social isolation
• Across 6 studies, remote and internet-delivered CBT linked with anxiety improvement 
• Strongest outcomes seen with therapist-assisted CBT
• Common barriers: privacy, motivation, scheduling, and digital access
• Nursing relevance: early screening, referral, and support for treatment participation

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Discourse And Sentiment On Reddit Before And After Covid-19: Mixed Methods Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, Marcin Marciniak, Sean A Setzen, Deeya Bhattacharya, Jamie Masliah, Robin Powszok, Erich M Sturgis, Vanessa C Stubbs, Mihir K Bhayani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that causes various oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. The HPV vaccine provides protection against several strains of HPV and is a key preventative tool against HPV-related cancers; however, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in the United States due to variable state mandates and misperceptions of vaccine efficacy and risks. As social media becomes an increasingly popular avenue for health discussions, platforms such as Reddit offer opportunities to understand public vaccine discourse, particularly among underrepresented groups. Furthermore, vaccine hesitancy and mistrust generally increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially impacting HPV vaccination rates.

Objective: This …

Adoption And Diffusion Of At-Home Medical Tests, Jerome Christia

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Covid-19–Associated Rhabdomyolysis In Hospitalized Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study, Paula Esquerdo-Serrano, Silvia Otero-Rodriguez, Hector Pinargote-Celorio, Sergio Reus, Esperanza Merino, José-Manuel Ramos-Rincón

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine the frequency of rhabdomyolysis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and to characterize their clinical features and outcomes. Methods: All adults admitted to the hospital were included in this single-center retrospective cohort study with COVID-19 at a tertiary care institution in Alicante, Spain, between March 2020 and March 2024. A creatine kinase (CK) threshold of 1000 U/L or higher was used to define rhabdomyolysis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Patients with and without rhabdomyolysis were compared, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM) were analyzed. Results: Among 7,590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 20 developed rhabdomyolyses …

Swept Into The Crisis: A Phenomenological Study Of Staff And Adaptive Leadership During The Pandemic, Alexandra Deremer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Beginning in the fall of 2020, the pandemic created unparalleled challenges as schools reopened following extended closures, requiring school communities, with staff at every level, to rapidly adapt to evolving protocols, expanded job responsibilities, and ongoing uncertainty. This phenomenological study explored how building staff, such as custodians and teachers, perceived the leadership behaviors exhibited by principals during the implementation of COVID-19 disinfecting mandates and changes to school operations. Using Heifetz et al.’s (2009) adaptive leadership framework as a foundation, the intent of this research was to address three specific research questions that centered on staff perceptions of administrators’ response plans …

Job Decisions To Leave A Hospitalist Group Among Millennial Hospitalists Born In Or After 1982: A Survey Based Study, Maria Carolina Musri, Flora Kisuule, Sean Tackett, Amteshwar Singh

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

High turnover among millennial hospitalists, who constitute a large proportion of early-career physicians, remains a concern. Using purposeful sampling, we surveyed 136 millennial hospitalists to understand what factors influence their decisions to leave a hospital medicine group. Family reasons (81%) and geographical location (80%) were the factors most commonly identified as important influences on decisions to leave. While these factors may be non-modifiable to a large extent, these findings underscore the importance of identifying such needs at the time of recruitment. Institutional reputation was ranked the least frequently influencing factor, when millennial hospitalists contemplate leaving a hospital medicine group. Understanding …

Making Sense Of Hospitalization: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Covid-19 Patients’ Psychological Experiences In Indonesia, Mira Wahyu Kusumawati, Heni Dwi Windarwati, Setyawati Soeharto

The Qualitative Report

While previous research has probed into the experiences of COVID-19 patients during isolation in hospitals, little is known about their psychological experiences and the meaning of such experiences. To address the gap,this study was designed to explore the psychological experiences of patients who were confirmed positive for COVID-19 while undergoing isolation in hospitals. Using a phenomenological approach, we recruited 19 COVID-19 survivors who were confirmed positive for COVID-19 in the first six months of the pandemic entering Indonesia, located in Madiun Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with health protocols and analysed the data using the …

Beyond The Bug: How The Covid-19 Pandemic Exposed Longstanding Systemic Failures In The United States Workforce And Economy, Abbey M. Markley

Honors Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and discuss how longstanding systemic failures in the United States exacerbated the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on the American economy, essential healthcare workers, and overall public trust in institutions. A review of the existing literature surrounding this topic and the subsequent results of various studies were used to compose this thesis. The United States has a painful lack of worker protections and tends to view members of its workforce as expendable, even in times such as pandemic when they are deemed essential. Healthcare workers in particular faced increasing threats to their …

Trauma, Memory, And Decision-Making: How Covid-19 Shaped Autobiographical Memories And Risky Decision-Making In Young Adults, Rachel Seo

Student Theses

Autobiographical memory is a critical component of the memory process that guides future behaviors by relying on past personal experiences connected to major public events. This decision-making process is heavily influenced by trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as they may guide individuals to riskier behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global traumatic stressor that contributed to shifts in behavioral outcomes post-pandemic. Despite research showing associations between memory accessibility, traumatic symptoms, and decision-making, there is limited research on health-related behaviors and post-pandemic behavioral outcomes in individuals with high trauma exposure specifically from the pandemic. The present study investigates …