Digital Commons Network^™

Cytokine Storms In Covid-19, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, And Car-T Therapy, James P Long, Rishab Prakash, Paul Edelkamp, Mark Knafl, Anath C Lionel, Ranjit Nair, Sairah Ahmed, Paolo Strati, Luis E Malpica Castillo, Ajlan Al-Zaki, Kelly Chien, Dai Chihara, Jason Westin, Fareed Khawaja, Loretta J Nastoupil, Victor Mulanovich, Andrew Futreal, Scott E Woodman, Naval G Daver, Christopher R Flowers, Sattva Neelapu, Joanna-Grace Manzano, Swaminathan P Iyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Cytokine storm (CS) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome causing multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality, especially in patients with malignant hematologic neoplasms. Triggers include malignant neoplasm-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MN-HLH), cytokine release syndrome from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T CRS), and COVID-19, but the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and their impact on outcomes are poorly understood.

Objective: To delineate the inflammatory patterns characterizing different CS etiologies and their association with clinical outcomes.

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between March 1, 2020, and November 20, 2022, using the …

Insights Into Covid-19 Dynamics Via The Integration Of Subpopulations, Vaccinations, And Bayesian Calibration In A Semi-Enclosed Community Model Framework, Meghan Rowan Childs

Theses

From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have experienced unique challenges due to their multifaceted nature as a place of education, residence, and employment. Previous work has used mathematical models to explore varying approaches to combating COVID-19 and tailored these models to local contexts, such as hospitals. However, previous work has not broadly incorporated pharmaceutical mitigation strategies into university models. We address this gap in research by integrating subpopulations, vaccines, and COVID-19 variants into a semi-enclosed population model framework. We further improve the quantification of uncertainty in the model parameters by implementing a formal Bayesian model calibration, fusing real-world …

Examining The Impact Of Feature Selection Techniques On Machine And Deep Learning Models For The Prediction Of Covid 19, Hafiza Zoya Mojahid, Jasni Mohamad Zain, Marina Yusoff, Abdul Basit, Abdul Kadir Jumaat, Mushtaq Ali

Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)

Feature selection is a vital preprocessing step for identifying the most informative features in complex datasets, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of machine learning models. Its applications extend across various domains, including big data analytics, finance, chemometrics, medical diagnostics, biological research, intrusion detection systems, and renewable energy solutions. In medical contexts, feature selection serves a dual purpose: it reduces dimensionality while simultaneously improving the comprehension of disease etiology. This study delves into key variable selection methods—specifically Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). We evaluate the interaction of these methods with …

Vaccination As A Protective Factor Against Hospitalization For Sars-Cov-2 Infections: An Observational Study Using Surveillance Data, Chandrayani Simanjorang, Kristin Mutiara Tarigan, Diva Anita Churiana Sudrajat, Rana Zahra Raniyah Wangsawinangun, Asy Syifa Anwari Zahra

Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan

Death due to SARS-CoV-2 generally occurs in patients requiring hospital care (hospitalization). However, it is still unclear whether vaccination acts as a protective factor against hospitalization in SARS-CoV-2 patients in Indonesia. This study examines the association between vaccination and hospitalization among SARS-CoV-2 patients. It employs a quantitative, cross-sectional design using secondary data from SARS-CoV-2 surveillance records at the Jakarta Health Agency (January–August 2021). Findings show that patients who received the 1st vaccine dose had a 0.34 times lower risk of hospitalization compared to unvaccinated individuals (aPOR=0.34; 95% CI=0.31–0.38). Those who received the 2nd dose had an even lower risk (aPOR=0.16; …

Behavioral Changes Of Tourists Caused By The Covid-19 And Management Response :During The Goto Travel Campaign In 2020, Yoshiki Murase

Japanese Society and Culture

This research set out to clarify how consumers perceive and change their tourism consumption as the government works on demand-stimulating measures such as the GoTo Travel campaign set up as a response to the worldwide spread of the COVID-19. The main purpose of this study is to give some suggestions about how the tourism industry can operate in such difficult circumstances and consider the implications for its management. Firstly, we referred to previous research and the latest data concerning travel agencies, the airline industry, and the accommodation and restaurant industry. These are the cornerstones of the tourism industry, and they …

The Influence Of Improved Access To Alcohol-Based Hand Rub And Hand Hygiene Training In Healthcare Facilities On Hand Hygiene Adherence In Belize During Covid-19: June 2021-August 2022., Kelsey Mcdavid, Anh N Ly, Nicholas Bivens, Francis Morey, Gerhaldine Morazan, Russell Manzanero, Melissa Musa-Diaz, Alexandra Medley, Kristy O Murray, Matthew J Lozier

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Access to hand hygiene (HH) resources in clinical settings is important to prevent healthcare-associated infections, including COVID-19. However, many countries, including Belize, have limited national data on the availability of HH resources and healthcare worker (HCW) hand hygiene adherence (HHA) in healthcare facilities (HCFs). We conducted a study in the 11 largest public HCFs across Belize to evaluate access to HH resources and HHA before and after an intervention (provision of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) wall mounts and HH training). Descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regressions were used to assess changes in HH resources and HHA from baseline to follow-up …

Dynamic Gene Attention Focus (Dygaf): Enhancing Biomarker Identification Through Dual-Model Attention Networks, Md Khairul Islam, Himanshu Wagh, Hairong Wei

Michigan Tech Publications

The DyGAF model, which stands for Dynamic Gene Attention Focus, is specifically designed and tailored to address the challenges in biomarker detection, progression reporting of pathogen infection, and disease diagnostics. The DyGAF model introduced a novel dual-model attention-based mechanism within neural networks, combined with machine learning algorithms to enhance the process of biomarker identification. The model transcended traditional diagnostic approaches by meticulously analyzing gene expression data. DyGAF not only identified but also ranked genes based on their significance, revealing a comprehensive list of the top genes essential for disease detection and prognosis. In addition, KEGG pathways, Wiki Pathways, and Gene …

Transgenerational Impacts Of Covid-19: Exploring The Epigenetic Impacts Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection On Parental Reproductive Health And Offspring Development, Isaac Mckay Stirland

Theses and Dissertations

The mechanisms and consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including clinical manifestations, immune response, pathogenicity, long-term sequelae, etc., have been studied in detail following the 2019 pandemic however, very little has been done to explore the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and host DNA methylation. Given the role of DNA methylation in genetic regulation, genomic imprinting, and induction of transgenerational effects, an understanding of viral interaction(s) with the host methylome is imperative in promoting reproductive and developmental health. Numerous reports describe infections with similar pathogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 and their correlation to altered host tissues at the epigenetic, physiologic, and macroscopic level. These reported epigenetic …

A Narrative Review Of The Covid-19 Infodemic And Censorship In Healthcare, Mitchell Liester, Sohaib Ashraf, Patricia Callisperis, Hector Carvallo, Shankara Chetty, Robert Enzenauer, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Raul Pineda, Panagis Polykretis, Rachel Wilkenson, Peter Mccullough

Secrecy and Society

Ideological and financial motivations have undermined science for decades. In this narrative review, we explore how organizations and governments used misinformation, disinformation, censorship, and secrecy to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Various rationales for employing censorship and secrecy during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined including how organizations and governments create confusion about the risks associated with their products and blame avoidance to shift responsibility and to avoid accountability for their actions. Methods of censorship employed during the COVID-19 pandemic are reviewed, examples are provided, and the consequences of these actions are reviewed. Information included in this review was obtained from scientific …

Covid Cover-Up: Secrecy, Censorship And Suppression During The Pandemic, Brian Martin

Secrecy and Society

During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, most health authorities, governments, and mass media organizations presented a single official view concerning lockdowns, masking, distancing, and vaccines. The methods used against contrary views can be classified into four types: flooding, ignoring, censoring, and attacking. The method of information flooding involves presenting dominant views in a unified front, overwhelming contrary views by volume and consistency. The method of ignoring includes the absence of research on alternative approaches, failure to report on research contrary to orthodoxy, and not mentioning challenging views. Censoring involves active measures to prevent the circulation of contrary information and …

Association Of Messenger Rna Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Vaccination And Reductions In Post Covid Conditions Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection In A Us Prospective Cohort Of Essential Workers, Josephine Mak, Sana Khan, Amadea Britton, Spencer Rose, Lisa Gwynn, Katherine D Ellingson, Jennifer Meece, Leora R Feldstein, Harmony Tyner, Laura J Edwards, Matthew S Thiese, Allison Naleway, Manjusha Gaglani, Natasha Solle, Jefferey L Burgess, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Meghan Shea, Taryn Hunt-Smith, Alberto Caban-Martinez, Cynthia Porter, Ryan Wiegand, Ramona Rai, Kurt T Hegmann, James Hollister, Ashley Fowlkes, Meredith Wesley, Andrew L Philips, Patrick Rivers, Robin Bloodworth, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Lauren E W Olsho, Sarang K Yoon, Sharon Saydah, Karen Lutrick

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Data are limited on whether vaccination reduces post COVID conditions (PCCs) risk after less severe nonhospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed whether COVID-19 vaccination protected against PCCs in persons with mild initial infections during Delta and Omicron variant predominance.

Methods: This study utilized a case-control design, nested within the HEROES-RECOVER cohort. Participants aged ≥18 years with test-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 28 June 2021 and 14 September 2022 were surveyed for PCCs, defined by symptoms lasting >4 weeks after initial infection. Cases self-reported PCCs and controls self-reported no PCCs. The exposure was …

Precision Phenotyping For Curating Research Cohorts Of Patients With Unexplained Post-Acute Sequelae Of Covid-19, Alaleh Azhir, Jonas Hügel, Jiazi Tian, Jingya Cheng, Ingrid V Bassett, Douglas S Bell, Elmer V Bernstam, Maha R Farhat, Darren W Henderson, Emily S Lau, Michele Morris, Yevgeniy R Semenov, Virginia A Triant, Shyam Visweswaran, Zachary H Strasser, Jeffrey G Klann, Shawn N Murphy, Hossein Estiri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Scalable identification of patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is challenging due to a lack of reproducible precision phenotyping algorithms, which has led to suboptimal accuracy, demographic biases, and underestimation of the PASC.

METHODS: In a retrospective case-control study, we developed a precision phenotyping algorithm for identifying cohorts of patients with PASC. We used longitudinal electronic health records data from over 295,000 patients from 14 hospitals and 20 community health centers in Massachusetts. The algorithm employs an attention mechanism to simultaneously exclude sequelae that prior conditions can explain and include infection-associated chronic conditions. We performed independent chart reviews …

Regional Government Preparedness In Response To The Covid-19 Pandemic In Indonesia, Eme Stepani Sitepu, Dumilah Ayuningtyas, Purnawan Junadi, Satibi Satibi

Journal of Health Research

Background: The high number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, with 6,811,201 people affected and 161,844 deaths up to June 2023, was influenced by regional governments' varying approaches to disease control. This study aimed to analyze regional government preparedness in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that influenced their preparedness.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative research study using purposive sampling. We collected data from September 2023 to April 2024 via semi-structured interviews with staff at health and disaster agencies in Bali and West Java. The interview guide was developed using the Six Building Blocks of World Health Organization (WHO)’s …

Experiences Of Caregivers Of Children With Covid-19 In Isolation Rooms: A Qualitative Study Conducted At Queen Sirikit National Institute Of Child Health In Bangkok, Thailand, Kidjapan Pinchai, Surasak Treenai, Chollada Jongsomjitt

Journal of Health Research

Background: Children were significantly impacted during COVID-19 surges, especially with highly transmissible variants like Delta. This study explored caregivers' experiences of children with COVID-19 in hospital isolation rooms, focusing on psychological and practical challenges.

Methods: Qualitative methods were used to describe the experiences of caregivers of children with COVID-19. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and from field and observation notes to capture reflections, ideas, and meanings. Content analysis was used to generate themes until saturation was reached with seven participants. The study was conducted at the Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH) in Bangkok, Thailand.

Results: The …

Exploring Creative Arts Therapists' Experiences With Online Therapy In South Korea During Covid-19, Changho Song

Expressive Therapies Dissertations

This study explored the experiences of creative arts therapists (CATs) in South Korea who conducted online therapy sessions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The global crisis forced a rapid shift to virtual platforms, raising concerns about the effectiveness of online creative arts therapy (OCAT) and its impact on therapeutic relationships. Grounded in phenomenological and arts-based research (ABR), this study examined the challenges, adaptations, and effectiveness of OCAT. The research addressed the following questions: (1) How did CATs experience the transition to online therapy? (2) What challenges did they encounter, and how did they adapt? (3) How did online therapy affect therapeutic …

The Hidden Faces Behind The Covid-19 Vaccine, Julia Brittain

Osmosis Magazine

When you think about the COVID-19 vaccine, the names Pfizer or Moderna probably come to mind. It’s no surprise that these companies are often mentioned in discussions of the COVID- 19 vaccine. After all, in December 2020, Pfizer-BioNTech became the first biopharmaceutical company to receive emergency use authorization for their COVID-19 vaccine from the FDA, and Moderna followed shortly after.

Overcoming Vaccine Hesitancy: Evidence From Italy During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Alessandro Del Ponte, Audrey De Dominicis, Paolo Canofari

Political Science Faculty Articles and Research

Objectives

Study design

Trends In Respiratory Pathogen Testing At Us Children's Hospitals., Matthew J. Molloy, Matthew Hall, Jessica L. Markham, Jillian M. Cotter, Elisha Mccoy, Michael J. Tchou, Megan E. Collins, Michael J. Steiner, John R. Stephens, Andrew G. Yu, Irma T. Ugalde, Rustin B. Morse, Monika K. Goyal, Samantha A. House

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Respiratory pathogen testing has been a common deimplementation focus. The COVID-19 pandemic brought new considerations for respiratory testing; recent trends in testing rates are not well understood.

OBJECTIVE: To measure trends in respiratory testing among encounters for acute respiratory infections among children and adolescents (agedyears) from 2016 to 2023, assess the association of COVID-19 with these trends, and describe associated cost trends.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective serial cross-sectional study included emergency department (ED) encounters and hospitalizations in US children's hospitals among children and adolescents with a primary acute infectious respiratory illness diagnosis. Data were ascertained from the …

Scaling Covid-19 Rates With Population Size In The United States, Austin R. Cruz, Brian J. Enquist, Joseph R. Burger

Biology Faculty Publications

Using county-level data from the United States, we assessed allometric scaling relationships of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases, deaths and age structure within and across the first four major waves of the pandemic (wild-type, alpha, delta, omicron). Results generally indicate that the burden of cases disproportionately impacted larger-sized counties, while the burden of deaths disproportionately impacted smaller counties. This may be partially due to multiple interacting social mechanisms, including a higher proportion of older adults who live in smaller counties. Moreover, these likely social mechanisms interacting with vaccinations and virus waves created a dynamic pattern whereby the rate and magnitude of …

The Importance Of Public Health In College Populations: Why Vaccines Are Important, Kashish Poore

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

This paper examines the importance of vaccines in college populations, where high-density living environments create unique vulnerabilities to infectious disease outbreaks. Despite vaccine mandates at most institutions, research indicates that many college students possess incomplete understanding of vaccine mechanisms and importance. The paper addresses three interconnected aspects: the biological foundations of vaccine-induced immunity, the significance of vaccination in collegiate settings, and the current state of vaccine literacy among students. Historical outbreaks on campuses, including meningitis at Princeton and mumps across several institutions, highlight the consequences of undervaccination. Social media misinformation has contributed significantly to vaccine hesitancy, particularly since COVID-19. The …

The Conservative Response To Transformative Disruption: Voice Or Exit 100 Years After Meyer And Pierce?, Neal Mccluskey

The Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues

In 1923 and 1925, respectively, the U.S. Supreme Court rulings in Meyer v. Nebraska and Pierce v. Society of Sisters established limits on the ability of government to constrain what children’s education contains and where it occurs. The Court recognized the “right” of parents to exercise basic control over those things. One hundred years later, we are seeing a renewed emphasis on “parental rights,” both with booming growth of “school choice” programs that allow government-connected funding to follow children to educational options their parents select and efforts to constrain what public schools do. The position of conservatives on such parental …

Invasive Haemophilus Influenzae Disease At A Us Children's Hospital In The Sars-Cov-2 Era, J Chase Mcneil, David R Mcdonald, James J Dunn, Sheldon L Kaplan, Kristina G Hulten, Jesus G Vallejo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: National data previously demonstrated an increase in invasive disease due to non-type b Haemophilus influenzae from the 2000s to the 2010s. Significant shifts in the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in children have occurred in the post-SARS-CoV-2 era. We examined pediatric invasive H. influenzae disease in the pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 years.

Methods: Invasive H. influenzae infections were identified from culture records of the Texas Children's Hospital microbiology laboratory from January 2011 to December 2023. Invasive cases were considered those with isolation of H. influenzae from a sterile site. The annual number of cases/1000 admissions was used as a surrogate for …

Complement Activity And Autophagy Are Dysregulated In The Lungs Of Patients With Nonresolvable Covid-19 Requiring Lung Transplantation, Pooja Shivshankar, Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz, Aleksey Y Domozhirov, Weizhen Bi, Scott D Collum, Marie-Francoise Doursout, Manish Patel, Isabella N Lefebvre, Bindu Akkanti, Simon Yau, Howard J Huang, Rahat Hussain, Harry Karmouty-Quintana

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the current understanding of the complement cascade mechanisms of host immune responses during infection-induced nonresolvable lung disease. While the complement system is involved in opsonization and phagocytosis of the invading pathogens, uncontrolled complement activation also leads to aberrant autophagic response and tissue damage. Our recent study revealed unique pathologic and fibrotic signature genes associated with epithelial bronchiolization in the lung tissues of patients with nonresolvable COVID-19 (NR-COVID-19) requiring lung transplantation. However, there is a knowledge gap if complement components are modulated to contribute to tissue …

Axl Signaling In Cancer: From Molecular Insights To Targeted Therapies, Monika Yadav, Akansha Sharma, Ketki Patne, Saba Tabasum, Jyoti Suryavanshi, Laxminarayan Rawat, Marc Machaalani, Marc Eid, Rana Singh, Toni Choueiri, Soumitro Pal, Akash Sabarwal

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

AXL, a member of the TAM receptor family, has emerged as a potential target for advanced-stage human malignancies. It is frequently overexpressed in different cancers and plays a significant role in various tumor-promoting pathways, including cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, stemness, DNA damage response, acquired therapeutic resistance, immunosuppression, and inflammatory responses. Beyond oncology, AXL also facilitates viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and Zika highlighting its importance in both cancer and virology. In preclinical models, small-molecule kinase inhibitors targeting AXL have shown promising anti-tumorigenic potential. This review primarily focuses on the induction, regulation and biological functions of AXL …

The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On The Mental Health Of Frontline Workers Of Toronto Homeless Shelters (Csws), Isiaka Omotosho Akande

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The objective of this phenomenological research is to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the client service workers (CSWs) in Toronto homeless shelters. Kolcaba's theory of comfort guides this study. This theory holds that being comfortable is one of the fundamental necessities for relief after stressful health care events or incidents. Comfort boosts health-seeking behaviors for patients, clients, and workers. In the context of the City of Toronto’s homeless shelters, Kolcaba’s theory of comfort suggests that if client service workers are given adequate resources to balance their health and mental needs, thus stabilizing their comfortabilities, then …

Neutralizing Antibody Immune Correlates For A Recombinant Protein Vaccine In The Covail Trial, Youyi Fong, Lauren Dang, Bo Zhang, Jonathan Fintzi, Shiyu Chen, Jing Wang, Nadine G Rouphael, Angela R Branche, David J Diemert, Ann R Falsey, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R Baden, Sharon E Frey, Jennifer A Whitaker, Susan J Little, Satoshi Kamidani, Emmanuel B Walter, Richard M Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A Jackson, Chenchen Yu, Craig A Magaret, Cindy Molitor, Bhavesh Borate, Tara M Babu, Angelica C Kottkamp, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Lilly C Immergluck, Rachel M Presti, Martín Bäcker, Patricia L Winokur, Siham M Mahgoub, Paul A Goepfert, Dahlene N Fusco, Robert L Atmar, Christine M Posavad, Jinjian Mu, Mat Makowski, Mamodikoe K Makhene, Seema U Nayak, Paul C Roberts, Dean Follmann, Peter B Gilbert

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

For COVAIL recipients of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Sanofi booster vaccine, neutralizing antibody titers were assessed as a correlate of risk (CoR) of COVID-19. Peak and exposure-proximal titers were inverse CoRs with covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) 0.30 (0.11, 0.78) and 0.25 (0.07, 0.85) per 10-fold increase in weighted average titer.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Il-7 In Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Manu Shankar-Hari, Bruno Francois, Kenneth E Remy, Cristina Gutierrez, Stephen Pastores, Thomas Daix, Robin Jeannet, Jane Blood, Andrew H Walton, Reinaldo Salomao, Georg Auzinger, David Striker, Robert S Martin, Nitin J Anand, James Bosanquet, Teresa Blood, Scott Brakenridge, Lyle L Moldawer, Vidula Vachharajani, Cassian Yee, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Michel Morre, Frederique Berbille, Marcel Van Den Brink, Richard Hotchkiss

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Lymphopenia and failure of lymphocytes to mount an early IFN-γ response correlate with increased mortality in COVID-19. Given the essential role of CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic cells in eliminating viral pathogens, this profound loss in lymphocytes may impair patients' ability to eliminate the virus. IL-7 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is obligatory for lymphocyte survival and optimal function.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CYT107, recombinant human IL-7, in 109 critically ill, patients with lymphopenia who have COVID-19. The primary endpoint was to assess CYT107's effect on lymphocyte recovery with secondary clinical endpoints including …

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Il-7 In Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Manu Shankar-Hari, Kenneth E. Remy, Jane Blood, Andrew H. Walton, Teresa Blood, Richard Hotchkiss, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia and failure of lymphocytes to mount an early IFN-γ response correlate with increased mortality in COVID-19. Given the essential role of CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic cells in eliminating viral pathogens, this profound loss in lymphocytes may impair patients' ability to eliminate the virus. IL-7 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is obligatory for lymphocyte survival and optimal function.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CYT107, recombinant human IL-7, in 109 critically ill, patients with lymphopenia who have COVID-19. The primary endpoint was to assess CYT107's effect on lymphocyte recovery with secondary clinical endpoints including …

Outcomes Of Pregnant Icu Patients With Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia In Qatar During The Three Waves Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Layla J.M Kily, Sohel M.G Ahmed, Tamam A.K.M Alhusban, Mohammed J. Orompurath, Marcus Lance, Mogahed I.H Hussein, Salwa M. Abuyaqoub, Huda A. Saleh, Eynas Abdalla, Santhosh Gopalakrishnan

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

Introduction: Pregnant women are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 infection/pneumonia as they are known to be more vulnerable to viral infections. They require close monitoring and appropriate timely intervention to minimize the impact on both the mother and the fetus. Although the more prevalent Omicron variant led to fewer severe infections and fewer intensive care unit (ICU) admissions globally during the third wave, the effect on pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes was unknown. The vaccination campaign was thoroughly established by the third wave of the pandemic in Qatar. This retrospective descriptive cohort study investigates the characteristics, hospital stay, interventions, …

Implementation Of A Cascade Training Model To Enhance Emergency Care Capacity Of Healthcare Workers During The Covid-19 Outbreak In Uganda, Sulaiman Bugosera Wasukira, Carl Trevor Kambugu, Judith S. Nanyondo, Emmanuel Candia, Stephen Emmanuel Aporu, Cliff Asher Aliga

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Introduction

Methods