Digital Commons Network^™

Prospective Validation Of A Rapid Host Gene Expression Test To Discriminate Bacterial From Viral Respiratory Infection, Emily R. Ko, Ricardo Henao, Katherine Frankey, Elizabeth A. Petzold, Pamela D. Isner, Anja K. Jaehne, Nakia Allen, Jayna Gardner-Gray, Gina Hurst, Jacqueline Pflaum-Carlson, Namita Jayaprakash, Emanuel P. Rivers, Henry Wang, Irma Ugalde, Siraj Amanullah, Laura Mercurio, Thomas H. Chun, Larissa May, Robert W. Hickey, Jacob E. Lazarus, Shauna H. Gunaratne, Daniel J. Pallin, Guruprasad Jambaulikar, David S. Huckins, Krow Ampofo, Ravi Jhaveri, Yunyun Jiang, Lauren Komarow, Scott R. Evans, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, L. Gayani Tillekeratne, Micah T. Mcclain, Thomas W. Burke, Christopher W. Woods, Ephraim L. Tsalik

Emergency Medicine Articles

Importance: Bacterial and viral causes of acute respiratory illness (ARI) are difficult to clinically distinguish, resulting in the inappropriate use of antibacterial therapy. The use of a host gene expression-based test that is able to discriminate bacterial from viral infection in less than 1 hour may improve care and antimicrobial stewardship.

Objective: To validate the host response bacterial/viral (HR-B/V) test and assess its ability to accurately differentiate bacterial from viral infection among patients with ARI.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective multicenter diagnostic study enrolled 755 children and adults with febrile ARI of 7 or fewer days' duration from 10 …

Changes In Health Behaviors By Gender During A Global Pandemic, Anthony Costarella

Celebration of Scholarship 2022

As we emerge from Covid-19 pandemic, many people struggle to return to normal, leading us to ask what changes have occurred as a result of the virus and social distancing. We have observed 471 million people suffer with Covid-19, lost 6.08 million lives to the virus, and learned how the virus works as well as how to fight it, yet very little is known about the impact of the virus and its countermeasures on our health habits. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of gender on changes in health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Eight hundred and sixty-six subjects (70.8% …

Pandemics And Housing Insecurity: A Blueprint For Land Use Law Reform, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

COVID-19, racial inequity, housing insecurity, and climate change have come together to create widespread, large-scale crises. This Article introduces these four pandemics and describes in detail what local governments are doing to combat one of them: housing insecurity. It reviews recent progress with traditional inclusionary zoning requirements, discusses the move toward greater density in single-family zoning, lists strategies being used to remediate distressed housing, and notes the importance of affordable housing as a necessary strategy for preventing lower-income household displacement caused by gentrification. The reciprocal impacts of these four pandemics are clear; local land use leaders should examine how mitigating …

Wastewater Surveillance Of Sars-Cov-2 On American University Campuses: A Comparison Of Responses To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Gosnell

Senior Theses

Wastewater surveillance has been used for a variety of purposes but, in recent years, has most notably been utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many universities in the United States used it as a means of monitoring levels of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on their campuses. The University of South Carolina, University of Arizona, and University of North Carolina- Charlotte were three such schools. An analysis of data published by these three schools has been used to synthesize a proposed list of best methods to be used by other universities during the reemergence of SARS-CoV-2 or during the outbreak of a new …

The Rural Education Leadership Experience Amid The Covid-19 Pandemic: Perspectives Of School Principals And Staff, Brennan J. Kent

Education Doctorate Dissertations

Rural school principals faced many challenges through the disruptions of the Covid-19 Pandemic, including their ability to deliver consistent, high-quality education to rural learners. These principals had to quickly learn and adapt to new practices that could permanently transform the school principalship for the future. Principals’ duties multiplied overnight with focusing on the additional needs of students and staff. Although the field of education has been majorly disrupted through past events such as the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, which caused school principals’ priorities to change instantaneously, with decisions often being made on a reactionary basis to ever-changing circumstances. …

The Effects Of Partisan Framing On Covid-19 Attitudes: Experimental Evidence From Early And Late Pandemic, Amber Wichowsky, Meghan Condon

Political Science Faculty Research and Publications

Political polarization has dominated news coverage of Americans’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research note, we report findings from two experimental studies, in which we present respondents with news stories about COVID-19 mitigation measures that emphasize partisan difference or accord. The stories present the same numeric facts about public opinion, but highlight either the partisan gap that existed at the time of the study, or the fact that large majorities of both Republicans and Democrats supported the measures at the time. Results from our first study, conducted late April 2020, show that a media frame drawing attention to …

Exercise As A Moderator Of Persistent Neuroendocrine Symptoms Of Covid-19, Candida J. Rebello, Christopher L. Axelrod, Charles F. Reynolds, Frank L. Greenway, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Precipitated by chronic psychological stress, immune system dysregulation, and a hyperinflammatory state, the sequelae of postacute COVID-19 (long COVID) include depression and new-onset diabetes. We hypothesize that exercise counters the neuropsychiatric and endocrine sequelae of long COVID by inducing the release of circulating factors that mediate the anti-inflammatory response, support brain homeostasis, and increase insulin sensitivity.

Medical Accreditation For Foreign-Educated Refugees: An Undue Burden, Katherine Jolley, Alex Hansen

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

Historically, the United States has maintained a policy of robust assistance to refugees that enter the country. Refugee relief includes short-term health coverage and employment services. Unfortunately, many international medical graduates who come as refugees face excessive barriers to join the healthcare industry when they arrive. In light of emergency adjustments to the accreditation processes during the COVID-19 pandemic, this article proposes that the accreditation process for foreign-educated healthcare workers poses an undue burden on refugees.

Vaccine Hesitancy In The Post-Covid-19 Era: An Interdisciplinary Approach For A Trust-And-Risk Paradigm With Governmental And Intergovernmental Implications, Laurent Cleenewerck De Kiev, Danny A. Schieffler

Healthcare Informatics Faculty Publications

Vaccine hesitancy was described as a major global health challenge by the World Health Organization before the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic (Ten Health Issues WHO Will Tackle This Year, 2019).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of several new vaccines (notably Pfizer, Moderna, J&J) and with them new vaccine technologies (mRNA) under emergency use authorization (EUA), combined with the political context of these vaccines’ accelerated development, triggered a heightened level of vaccine hesitancy and refusal in the United States and around the world (FDA, 2021).

This paper study undertakes to investigate the foundations and recent evolution of this phenomenon …

Medical Factors Associated With Caregiver Intention To Vaccinate Their Children Against Covid-19, Thao-Ly Phan, Paul T Enlow, Michael King, Amanda M Lewis, Anne E Kazak, Jonathan M Miller

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Objective: To describe medical factors that are associated with caregiver intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of families receiving primary care in a mid-Atlantic pediatric healthcare system, linking caregiver-reported data from a survey completed March 19 to April 16, 2021 to comprehensive data from the child's EHR.

Results: 513 families were included (28% Black, 16% Hispanic, 44% public insurance, 21% rural, child age range 0-21 years). 44% of caregivers intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while 41% were not sure and 15% would not. After adjusting for socio-demographics, the only medical factors …

Implementation Of Clinical Practice Guidelines For Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19 In Academic Medical Centers, Amy Chang Berger, Noa Simchoni, Andrew Auerbach, W Michael Brode, Ethan Kuperman, Katie Raffel, Alan Kubey

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Eco Yoga Therapy For Mental Health Related To The Covid-19 Pandemic, Karyn Stein

LMU Theses and Dissertations

Recently the magnitude of the mental health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been emerging. Reports of anxiety or depression related to COVID-19 have been on the rise globally. Individuals have been living in a perpetual state of the unknown for over two years. Fear of the virus, sickness of oneself or family/friends and social isolation have taken a toll. According to the WHO, anxiety and depression have gone up 25% in the last year (2022). The effects of a rising mental health crisis will be drastic on top of the deaths and sickness related to COVID-19. While governments …

Evangelical Mental Health During A Pandemic: A Three-Way Interaction Analysis, Michael Sean Williams

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

COVID-19 quickly became a global pandemic and a biological disaster. Mental health deteriorated due to fear, stress, isolation, and loneliness. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress, and disturbed sleep have been associated with COVID-19. There is limited research on mental health and well-being among evangelical Christians. A primary concern is that church congregants and leaders are tired and struggle with mental health issues. Thus, care for the congregation and community is limited. The rate of distress and depression among the religious is on the rise. The purpose of this quantitative research is to evaluate the interaction of perceived stress and emotional …

Back To School: Changes In Elementary General Music Curriculum Design After Covid-19, David Christian Moniz

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this project is to identify how elementary general music curriculum can address the negative impacts of the sense of isolation felt by elementary music students because of COVID-19. When designed appropriately, components of the elementary music curriculum can help recover the sense of belonging lost during the implementation of forced remote and hybrid learning platforms. With the use of large-group surveys, this qualitative research study investigates the sense of isolation felt by elementary general music students after remote school attendance, hybrid school attendance, and non-attendance. These perspectives did not exist until recently, as the effects of the …

Epidemics And International Law: The Need For International Regulation, Claudio Grossman

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

This article presents comments by the author made to open the Miami Law Review conference on Epidemics1 and International Law. Its main purpose is to refer to the impact of COVID-19 on different norms and legal regimes, focusing mainly on the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), addressing areas of reform as well as the interactions of those norms with international human rights law. This will include the proposals of change for the 2005 IHR, designed to better protect vulnerable peoples in future global health crises. Some of the ideas presented in this contribution are included in a proposal that I …

Differences In Covid-19-Related Testing And Healthcare Utilization By Race And Ethnicity In The Veterans Health Administration, Javad Razjouyan, Drew A Helmer, Ang Li, Aanand D Naik, Christopher I Amos, Venkata Bandi, Amir Sharafkhaneh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Recent reports indicate differences in COVID-19-related care and outcomes between Black and White Americans.

OBJECTIVE: We examine the COVID-19-related healthcare utilization and mortality by race and ethnicity of patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: We used the VHA COVID-19 shared data resources between February 1 and June 30, 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Veterans tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus by VHA.

EXPOSURE(S): Three racial-ethnicity groups of Black, Hispanic, and White (as reference) veterans.

MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S): Main outcomes are testing rate, positivity rate, hospitalization rate, ICU admission rate, and in-hospital mortality. Controlling …

The Pandemic's Impact On The Efficacy Of Chaplaincy At The Baldwin State Prison, John Gomez

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Chaplains usually provide pastoral care for inmates, staff members, and counseling for offenders and offenders’ families. Because of the pandemic, they have not provided adequate pastoral care and counseling in their respective facilities. The restrictions imposed by the pandemic have negatively impacted the chaplain’s ability to adequately provide pastoral care and counseling in most federal and state correctional institutions. The Department of Georgia Correctional facilities, particularly at the Baldwin State prison, has also experienced this decrease in pastoral care and counseling due to the pandemic. In the Georgia Department of Corrections, all visitations, including lawyers and clergy, have been suspended …

The Relationship Between Leader-Member Exchange And Citizen Willingness To Comply With Governmental Public Health Mandates Concerning Covid-19 In Dougherty County, Georgia: A Mixed Methods Analysis, Travis H. Goodson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

As of February 8, 2022, more than 394,381,395 individuals across the globe have contracted COVID-19; and from this number, reportedly more than 5,735,179 have died due to the virus (World Health Organization, 2022). Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, local, state, and federal governments have fielded a host of public health mandates in an attempt to curtail the spread of the virus; however, little is known about the efficacy of such mandates and how willing compliance is obtained through perceived high-quality leader-member exchanges. Compliance is best defined as willing conformity to official requirements; here, compliance is examined through the lens of relational …

Fluvoxamine For Outpatient Management Of Covid-19 To Prevent Hospitalization: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Todd C Lee, Simone Vigod, Émilie Bortolussi-Courval, Ryan Hanula, David R Boulware, Eric J Lenze, Angela M Reiersen, Emily G Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Importance: Widely available and affordable options for the outpatient management of COVID-19 are needed, particularly for therapies that prevent hospitalization.

Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of the available randomized clinical trial evidence for fluvoxamine in the outpatient management of COVID-19.

Data Sources: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection: Studies with completed outpatient trials with available results that compared fluvoxamine with placebo were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis: The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed and study details in terms of inclusion criteria, trial demographics, and the prespecified outcome of all-cause hospitalization were extracted. Risk of …

Epidemiology In Higher Education: Scarlet Fever At Gettysburg College, Addison E. Lomax

Student Publications

Throughout the early 20th century, the relationship between higher education and the spread of epidemic disease evolved in the United States. Two notable epidemics of scarlet fever in 1915 and 1920 serve as a lens through which the larger roles of disease and higher education can be analyzed. By assessing the roles both the administration and the students played at Gettysburg College, then Pennsylvania College, historians can understand the process of combating health crises in the future. Although the Pennsylvania College scarlet fever epidemics of 1915 and 1920 impacted campus to a smaller extent than the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the …

Pandemics And The Protection Of Privacy And Personal Information: Issues With Regard To The Use And Protection Of Information On The Basis Of Improving Public Health In The Fight Against Infectious Diseases, Fumio Shimpo

Japanese Society and Culture

In order to make use of the response to the new the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for pandemic countermeasures due to infectious diseases that may have a serious impact on the lives and health of the people, which may occur in the future, the handling of personal information and the protection of privacy necessary to ensure the effectiveness of countermeasures against infectious diseases will be examined. This paper intends to establish to comprehensively understand the systems for the collection and publication of information related to infectious diseases based on the Infectious Diseases Control Law, and to clarify the structure and issues …

Leadership Matters: Supporting The Mental Health Needs Of Black And Latina/O Students In A Post Covid-19 World, Larry Walker, Michelle Sullivan, Nicola Stewart-Walker

Journal of Educational Leadership in Action

Communities throughout the United States were devastated by the COVID-19 virus. For instance, the mortality rates are higher within Black and Latina/o communities compared to the overall United States population. The pandemic represents another problem that will contribute to anxiety disorders and depression among Black and Latina/o students. How we combat these issues is important. During the 2020-2021 school year millions of students returned to schools and some struggled to adjust because of the traumatic experiences associated with COVID-19. Students will need the support of administrators, teachers, and mental health practitioners. For this reason, this review of literature examined the …

Future Anxiety And Immune Status In Nursing Students During The Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic, Agus Purnama, Isti Anindya

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a frightening global disease, especially because of its high contagiousness. This study aimed to identify the future anxiety regarding immunity status in nursing students who work in hospitals, especially those caring for patients with COVID-19. This study design was cross-sectional with standard translated instruments of the Future Anxiety Scale and Immune Status Questionnaire administered using a Google Form to 102 respondents. Results revealed that among the respondents, 87 experienced severe psychological anxiety (85.3%), 46 experienced moderate social anxiety (45.1%), 42 experienced moderate economic anxiety (41.2%), 38 experienced mild media anxiety (37.3%), 53 experienced mild religious anxiety …

Intermediate Anticoagulation Dosing In Covid-19 Icu Patients: Evaluation Comparing Ventilated Vs Non-Ventilated Populations, Christopher Michael D'Amico

Applied Research Projects

Surges of COVID-19 have been seen to place large numbers of patients into the ICU. Establishing standards of care is critical not only for patient care, but to also implement a baseline of therapy to build upon with future research. COVID-19 produces a hypercoagulable state resulting in higher occurrences of clotting such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Anticoagulation medications thin the blood to combat this aspect of the disease from occurring but does so at the risk of increasing bleeding potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk/benefit of anticoagulation usage between ventilated …

Extending Psychological Reactance Theory To Include Denial Of Threat And Media Sharing Intentions As Freedom Restoration Behavior, Noel H. Mcguire, Hannah Ball

Communication Faculty Articles and Research

This study extends psychological reactance theory by examining denial of a public health threat and resistance toward media sharing as two novel types of freedom restoration. Participants (N = 220) were randomly assigned to watch a video advocating COVID-19 guidelines and completed an online survey assessing corresponding perceptions and behavioral intentions. Results of structural equation modeling supported the two-step model of reactance: greater perceived freedom threat was related to greater reactance, which in turn was linked to lower intentions to comply with COVID-19 guidelines, lower intentions to share the video with one’s online social network, and greater denial of COVID-19 …

2022-03-25_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Health Choice Or Health Coercion? The Osha Emergency Temporary Standard Covid-19 Vaccination Mandates: Ax Or Vax, Savannah Snyder

Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 In Older Adults- A Practical Review For Emergency Providers In 2022, Michael L. Malone, Teresita Hogan, Alice Bonner, Kevin Biese, Patti Pagel, Kathleen Unroe

Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine

COVID-19 has posed a considerable threat to all aspects of older Americans’ lives. The pandemic generated acute illness, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. Pandemic-associated social isolation and loneliness further endangered older adults. Recovery from COVID-19 illness has commonly been followed by chronic symptoms, which may also precipitate ED visits. While vaccination has mitigated risks of serious illness requiring hospitalization, a booster dose is required to sustain protection. New treatments and therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agents, have shown efficacy for older adults who are at risk of hospitalization. Older adults remain vulnerable in 2022, after …

Rethinking Public Health Risk Mitigation Strategies: Recognizing The Biosocial Nature Of Covid-19, Grace Savard

CSB and SJU Distinguished Thesis

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has rippled throughout every aspect of society and influenced how we live, breathe, and interact with one another. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the interdisciplinary biosocial impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resulting disease, COVID-19. In order to understand the complexities of caregiving during COVID-19, we conducted 75 semi-structured interviews with 55 healthcare providers across 18 states over a span of two years. This research assesses how COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies were designed with the primary intention to stop the spread of the virus rather than account for the longer-term social and biological …

2022-03-21_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …