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The Ecology Of Carrion Communities In Maritime-Terrestrial Habitats: An Insular Study Of Gull, Seal, And Rodent Decomposition On The Isles Of Shoals (New Hampshire), Wayne Dyson Lord

Doctoral Dissertations

During 1979-1982 I investigated aspects of the ecology of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), and rodent (Rattus norwegicus, Cricetus aurata, Mus musculus) carrion communities on the Isles of Shoals, a group of nine small islands located 10 km SW of Portsmouth, New Hampshire (42(DEGREES)59'N, 70(DEGREES)37'W).

Carcasses passed through a series of predictable decompositional stages (fresh, bloat, active, advanced, and dry) defined by characteristics of carrion appearance and faunal associates.

Of the numerous species of invertebrates collected from coastal carrion, few played a major role in decomposition. Blow fly larvae and dermestid …

Surrogate Gestation And The Protection Of Choice, Louise E. Graham

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

Proponents of surrogate gestation contracts base their case on both the constitutional privacy rights of persons involved in the contract and the notion that contractual agreements are capable of sufficiently protecting all interests involved. This article first speculates on how courts might handle surrogate gestation contracts under existing laws and offers arguments for and against such contracts. Although some commentary on the contractual aspect of the agreement exists, little attention has been given to the privacy arguments of the parties. The major focus of this article, therefore, is upon the nature of the privacy claims asserted by the prospective parents …

Some Effects Of Crude And No 2 Fuel Oil On The Chromosomes Of The Smooth Flounder, Liopsetta Putnami (Gill), Patricia Mary Burke

Doctoral Dissertations

An analysis was conducted on the genotoxic effects of water soluble fractions (WSF) of Venezuelan crude and No. 2 fuel oil on the chromosomes of smooth flounder (Liposetta putnami) gill cells.

Both static and flow-through in-lab exposures were used to determine the effects of long-term low-level WSF exposure (7%, 4%, and 2% WSF) on adult L. putnami. The long-term exposures were of 96 and 99 days for the No. 2 fuel and crude static systems respectively, and 137 days for the flow-through systems. Chromosome aberrations scored include: fragments, chromatid deletions, complex rearrangements, rings, and translocations. Chromosome count variations were also …

The Distribution And Survival Of The Genus Propionibacterium In The Estuarine Environment, William Kolanko

Doctoral Dissertations

The Propionibacterium species possess several attributes that would allow them to survive in an estuarine ecosystem. This investigation is concerned with the distribution and survival of the Propionibacterium sp. in the Great Bay Estuary at New Hampshire. To aid in the enumeration of propionibacteria, a selective medium was developed that demonstrated greater than 99.9% selectivity from skin samples. Failure to detect propionibacteria from water, sediment, fish, and shellfish prompted an investigation into factors that may influence survival. Temperature appears to be the major factor affecting the Propionibacterium's ability to establish a niche. An increase in salinity had a stimulatory effect …

A Bibliography Of Varietal Resistance To The Rice Gall Midge, Orseolia Oryzae (Wood-Mason), P. K. Pathak, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

This bibliography contains 330 published and unpublished references for the period 1881-1981. References are arranged alphabetically by author and are also classified by country and by subjects (mass rearing, screening, evaluation and utilization of resistant varieties, breeding for and inheritance of resistance, and biotype variation). Tables list resistant varieties identified, varietal sources used in breeding programs, varieties which have been released for cultivation by farmers and biotype classification.

Structural Interaction Between Nitrogenase And Cell Membrane In Free-Living, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas, Viridis, Azotobacter, Vinelandii, Rhodospirillum, Rubrum)., Karen Smith Howard

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Rhodopseudomonas viridis grows by means of nitrogen fixation under anaerobic, photosynthetic conditions. In batch culture, nitrogenase activity was highest at early-logarithmic phase, lower during mid- to late-logarithmic phase, and nearly zero during stationary phase. Nitrogen-fixing cells were morphologically and ultrastructurally similar to non-nitrogen-fixing cells as determined by electron microscopy. Electron spin resonance (esr) spectroscopy of nitrogen-fixing whole cells yielded g4.26 and g3.66 signals indicating the presence of nitrogenase molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein. Ammonia switch-off occurred upon addition of 0.2 mM NH(,4)Cl, however, nitrogenase activity did not reappear for nearly four hours. Esr spectroscopy of whole cell multilayers (WCM) of Azotobacter vinelandii …

Assessment Of Raw Milk Microbiological Quality By Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate Content And Preliminary Incubation Bacterial Count., Jeffrey J. Ryan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Two hundred raw milk samples were collected and stored in sanitized plastic containers which were transported in ice to the laboratory. Three 100 ml sub-samples were aseptically removed from each container. One sub-sample (Fresh) was analyzed for Standard Plate Count (SPC) and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) content. The two remaining sub-samples underwent preliminary incubation; one sub-sample was incubated at 12.8(DEGREES)C for 18 h (PI 12.8) and the other at 7.2(DEGREES)C for 48 h (PI 7.2). Following incubation, SPC and ATP content were determined. Correlation of ATP content with SPC-Fresh, SPC-PI 12.8 and SPC-PI 7.2 was 0.72, 0.84 and 0.89 with log(,10) transformed …

Spatial And Temporal Variations In Community Structure Of The Demersal Macrofauna Of A Subtropical Estuary (Louisiana)., Thomas C. Shirley

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Epibenthic (trawlable) macrofauna and hydrographic variables were sampled at ten stations in the Calcasieu estuary, Louisiana, from June, 1974, through February, 1976. The 100 otter trawl samples collected contained 32,221 individuals belonging to 63 invertebrate and 68 fish species. The 10 most abundant fish and invertebrate species represented 95.3 and 90.0%, respectively, of the total number of individuals collected. Seasonal variation in numbers of species and individuals were similar, with significant increases in number of species during spring and early summer months. Numerical classification was used to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of utilization of the estuary and to examine …

Correlative Field And Laboratory Microcosm Approaches In Ascertaining Xenobiotic Effect And Fate In Diverse Aquatic Microenvironments., Ralph Joseph Portier

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The impact of a multitude of toxic chemicals, or xenobiotics, on diverse aquatic environments and the need to consider such factors in adjacent land use and disposal situations has necessitated the development of usable analytical predictive approaches. A microbial and enzymatic assessment protocol for determining the environmental effect and fate of these manufactured chemicals in coastal wetlands was devised. The protocol combined in situ analyses of interrelated soil/sediment microenvironments with statistical and analytical laboratory microcosm approaches in presenting valid predictive models of xenobiotic fate and effect. The general objective of this combined field/laboratory analysis was to provide a better understanding …

An Experimental Rotavirus Infection In Neonatal Gnotobiotic Dogs., Charles Audrey Johnson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A canine rotavirus isolate caused clinical disease, small intestinal lesions, serum antibody response, and shedding of rotavirus in the feces in newborn gnotobiotic dogs. The results of this study demonstrated this rotavirus was a pathogen in neonatal gnotobiotic dogs. The pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions was similar to the pathogenesis of rotaviral enteritis in other species. In three consecutive experiments, twenty puppies were derived by caesarean section and transferred to sterile isolators. Gnotobiotic puppies were inoculated orally with a rotavirus isolated from a neonatal puppy with fatal diarrhea. Fecal samples from the puppies were examined for virus particles by negative …

Cardiovascular Responses In High, Moderate And Low Aerobic Capacity Males During Static And Dynamic Work., John Francis Harper

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Eighteen male subjects participated in an investigation to examine the effects of static, dynamic, and combination work (static and dynamic) on the variables heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pressure rate product, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO(,2)(' )max). The subjects, who were all free from any cardiovascular problems, were divided into 3 groups based on their maximum oxygen consumption levels. The high (Group 1), moderate (Group 2), and low (Group 3) aerobic capacity groups had mean VO(,2)(' )max levels of 64, 55, and 47 ml(.)kg('-1)(.)min('-1), respectively. Each subject performed a static test (holding a weighted brief case), a dynamic …

The Mechanism Of Sperm Incorporation And An Analysis Of Microvilli And Microfilament Organization In Sea Urchin Eggs Examined Through The Use Of Cytochalasin B And Ammonium Chloride., Beverly Dixon Wade

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Sperm incorporation in Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs incubated (10 min) and fertilized in the presence of 2 x 10('-6) M cytochalasin B (CB) and 1 and 10 mM ammonium chloride (NH(,4)Cl) occurs in the presence of limited microvilli and microfilament organization and cortical exocytosis. CB inhibition on sperm incorporation is time related and continues to occur long after sperm-egg fusion. In S. purpuratus, at least 30% incorporation is observed in all CB treated eggs. Sperm do not incorporate until 2.5 min after insemination. Maximum incorporation occurs between 7 to 10 min. Percent incorporation approached 60% when eggs were …

Toxicity Of Ambush Registered Trademark And Pydrin Registered Trademark To Red Crawfish, Procambarus Clarkii (Girard) And Channel Catfish, Ictaluras Punctatus Rafinesque In Laboratory And Field Studies And The Accumulation And Dissipation Of Associated Residues., Dwayne Paul Coulon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In laboratory studies, 24 hr LC(,50) values obtained for Ambush('(REGTM)) and Pydrin('(REGTM)) on 18-27 mm juvenile red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), in clear water were 0.49 and 0.37 ppb, respectively. LC(,50) values derived for 10-20 mm channel catfish fry, Ictaluras punctatus Rafinesque, were 1.81 and 1.83 ppb, respectively for Ambush('(REGTM)) and Pydrin('(REGTM)). The addition of alluvial soils to test waters had no apparent effect on toxicity to crawfish but did reduce toxicity to channel catfish. This was attributed to a strong adsorption to clay and organic components of the soils. Applications of field rates of Ambush('(REGTM)) and Pydrin('(REGTM)) to …

Annual Report, University Of South Florida Botanical Gardens Annual Report, August 1981, Frederick B. Essig

USF University Archives and Documents

Annual report for the University of South Florida Botanical Gardens dates August 1981. Topics include specimen accessions, plant losses due to weather, staffing, volunteers, research projects, campus partnerships, finances, and future goals.

Spatial Heterogeneity In The Plankton Community Of An Ice Covered Reservoir., Douglas B. Wondrasek

Student Work

Introduction: Spatial pattern is of significance to many aspects of ecological investigations, so that ecologist are concerned both with the structure and dynamics of a population, as well as population distribution in space. With the exception of very small bodies of water, most aquatic habitats present the ecologist with unique and difficult sampling problems (UNESCO, 1968). He does not have direct access to the organisms of his study and thus cannot make direct observations on their reaction to his surface operated sampling gear. Because of this, striking a balance between the adequacy and the cost of the sampling methods becomes …

Effects Of Fire On The Soil Microbial Ecosystem In A Native Tallgrass Prairie., Anthony R. Sambol

Student Work

Introduction: Fire was once a wide-spread, naturally occurring element that probably contributed to the maintenance of the temperate grasslands in the central United States (Daubenmire, 1968). Native bluestem prairie in the United States produces large amounts of dead vegetation, or mulch, yearly (Weaver & Rowland, 1952; Hopkins, 1954). The immediate effect of fire on the native grasslands is the removal of the mulch layer along with the destruction of growing vegetation. The extent of this activity is determined by the season, intensity, and duration of the fire (Weaver, 1954).

Native Tallgrass Prairie Remnants Of Eastern Nebraska: Floristics And Effects Of Management, Topography, Size, And Season Of Evaluation., Judith F. Boettcher

Student Work

Ten eastern Nebraska tallgrass prairie remnants, varying in size from 1-18 ha, were evaluated for floristic composition at four times during the 1979 growing season. A total of 153 species were recorded of which seven dominated: Andropogon gerardii, A. scoparius, Bromus inermis, Ceanothus americanus, Heliopsis helianthodies, Poa pratensis, and Stipa spartea. Floristic composition, however, varied with respect to management, topography, season of evaluation, and prairie size. Frequent mowing reduced canopy cover of native species, such as Andropogon gerardii, by 21% while increasing that of non-native species, such as Bromus inermis, by 35%. In addition, frequently mowed sites contained a greater …

Nesting Behavior And Hunting Activity Of The Gyrfalcon, Falco Rusticolus, In South Central Alaska, Peter James Bente

Theses (Unassigned)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Controlled Burning On Small Mammal Populations Of A Restored Tallgrass Prairie., P. Lynne Vacanti

Student Work

A field study was conducted on a reestablished grassland to investigate the effects of a controlled burn on resident mammals eartagged so that comparisons with post-burn populations could be made; a control plot was similarly censused. Following the fire, no animals were caught on the burn plot for one week, and no direct evidence of fire-induced mortality was observed. Evidence that mammals survived the fire was based on comparisons of recapture success on experimental and control plots before and after the burn. Microtus pennsylvanicus (meadow voles) reinvaded the burned plot 93 days after the fire. The lack of dense vegetative …

Annual Report, 1980 Annual Report Of The University Of South Florida Herbarium, February 8, 1981, Richard P. Wunderlin

USF University Archives and Documents

Annual report of the University of South Florida Herbarium for the year 1980. Topics include faculty profiles, student engagement, specimen acquisitions, collection overview, exchange relationships, library holdings, publications, research projects, funding, field work, campus services, facilities, funding, and goals.

Songbird Populations And Clearcut Harvesting Of Aspen In Northern Utah, Norbert V. Debyle

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Studies On The Ecology Of Hyale Nilssoni (Rathke) 1843, An Algal-Inhabiting Amphipod Crustacean, Claribel Day Mcbane

Doctoral Dissertations

The life history, algal preferences and temperature-salinity tolerances of the talitroidean amphipod crustacean, Hyale nilssoni were studied at open coastal and estuarine rocky intertidal shores of New Hampshire. Microhabitat distribution and mouthpart morphology of the sympatric H. nilssoni and H. plumulosa were also compared at Nobska Point, Massachusetts.

Hyale nilssoni was the most abundant algal-inhabiting amphipod at New Hampshire study sites where algal morphology in turn was important for algal species preference. The filamentous alga, Polysiphonia lanosa, was readily consumed and most preferred by H. nilssoni in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory studies showed that in the absence of P. …

The Ecology Of A Submersed Macrophyte, Myriophyllum Heterophyllum: Competition For Nutrients With Phytoplankton And Seasonal Changes In Tissue Mineral Content, Kenneth David Kimball

Doctoral Dissertations

Myriophyllum heterophyllum is a nuisance, submersed hydrophyte in New Hampshire. First observed in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hamsphire during the 1960s, the plant infested over 22 miles of the lake's shoreline by 1980. Circumstantial evidence suggests that M. heterophyllum was accidently introduced to New Hamsphire by trailered boats. Physiological and ecological data that relate to the recent success of this species in the state are reviewed.

Myriophyllum heterophyllum submersed apices were analyzed for ash, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and lead over a 2 1/2 year period, and the floral stem, apex, sub-apex, mid-stem, lower stem and …

Comparative Effects Of Gibberellic Acid And N(6)-Benzyladenine On Growth And Development Of Dwarf Watermelon Seedlings, Cheryl Diane Zack

Doctoral Dissertations

Apical applications of 0.2 micrograms N('6)-benzyladenine (BA), a synthetic cytokinin, or 5 micrograms gibberellic acid (GA) significantly enhanced hypocotyl elongation in intact dwarf watermelon seedlings. Accompanying the increase in hypocotyl length was increased expansion of the cotyledons and inhibition of root growth. A study on dry matter partitioning indicated that both hormones caused a preferential mobilization of metabolites from the cotyledons to the hypocotyl at an expense to roots. However, in comparison to untreated or GA-treated seedlings, BA decreased total translocation of metabolites out of the cotyledons. Hormonal effects on water potential of cotyledons and hypocotyls were determined by allowing …

Ethyl Methanesulfonate (Ems) And Diethylnitrosamine (Den) Effect On Germ Cells Of Drosophila Melanogaster., Haimei Huang

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

With autoradiography and fluorescent stain techniques, the degree of ethylation of Drosophila melanogaster sperm following treatment with (1-('3)H)-ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) or (2-('3)H)-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was shown by different levels of silver grains on sperm. The degree of ethylation of sperm cells treated with the mutagen in different germ cell stages of development (sperm, spermatids, spermatocytes, or spermatogonia) was determined by varying the time of sampling. The average grains per sperm head from different samples were computed and analyzed with SAS program by the IBM 3033 computer at System Network Computer Center on the LSU campus in Baton Rouge. The sperm which originated …

Morphology And Function Of Toxic Neutrophils In The Dog., Kent Alan Gossett

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Turpentine-induced inflammation was used as a model for the study of toxic neutrophils in the dog. Changes in the number of circulating toxic neutrophils paralleled changes in clinical signs, body temperature, total leukocyte count, and neutrophil count. Light microscopic appearance of neutrophils from turpentine-injected dogs was similar to toxic neutrophils seen clinically in dogs with severe bacterial or other inflammatory diseases. Ultrastructural studies showed that foamy vacuolation of the cytoplasm was due to irregular, electron-lucent areas which often contained membrane remnants and myelin figures. Increased cytoplasmic basophilia was due to the retention of rough endoplasmic reticulum and polyribosomes in mature …

Genetic And Molecular Genetic Studies In The Cytoplasmic Incompatibility System In The Mosquito Culex Pipiens., David Ray Mcgee

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

An analysis of the cytoplasmic incompatibility system in Culex pipiens has been made. Both normal and antibiotic-resistant strains have been established using erythromycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. A complete genetic analysis has been made using all possible reciprocal crosses. Crosses between the normal strains show unidirectional compatibility. The genetic crosses involving the tetracycline-resistant strain show a reversal of the direction of compatibility when compared with those involving the untreated parental strain. Erythromycin and chloramphenicol-resistant strains exhibited no such change in direction of compatibility when compared with their respective untreated parental strains. Exceptional crossing relationships between chloramphenicol and tetracycline-resistant strains were found. …

Interactions Of Mefluidide And Bentazon On Red Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)., Sudabathula Rajaramamohana Rao

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The responses of soybeans {Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Bragg'} and red rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Strawhulled') to postemergence applications of mefluidide {N-{2,4-dimethyl-5-{{(trifluoromethyl)=sulfonyl}amino}phenyl}acetamide} and bentazon {3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide} alone and in combinations were evaluated in greenhouse studies. Soybeans and red rice were tolerant to bentazon, but their heights were reduced by mefluidide. When these two herbicides were combined, soybeans were not injured at any tested rates, but a synergistic interaction occurred that killed red rice. The changes in degradation, uptake, translocation, metabolism, and loss of these two herbicides due to combinations with each other were studied in order to establish the basis …

Thermal And Spatial Ecology Of Three Species Of Water Snakes (Nerodia) In A Louisiana Swamp., Thomas Claud Michot

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Biotelemetry was used to study thermal and spatial relationships in Nerodia fasciata confluens, N. c. cyclopion, and N. r. rhombifera. Twenty snakes were monitored between April 1978 and September 1979 in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. Laboratory-determined preferred temperature ranges were compared to environmental temperatures from air, soil, and water to predict thermally optimum microhabitats. Comparison of observed and predicted microhabitats for each observation showed that N. fasciata was found more frequently in the thermally optimum microhabitat than were N. cyclopion and N. rhombifera. Nerodia cyclopion consistently showed thermal nonconformity by altering the relationship between body (BT) and ambient (AT) temperatures so …

Respiratory And Circulatory Responses Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus (Rathbun), To Salinity And Naphthalene., Thomas Donald Sabourin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Adult intermolt blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) were stepwise acclimated to salinity at 22-25(DEGREES)C. Respiratory and circulatory responses were investigated in steady state salinity (5, 10, 20 and 30('o)/oo), diurnally fluctuating salinity (30-10-30('o)/oo, 10-30-10('o)/oo), and during 24-h exposure to water-soluble naphthalene at 0, 37.5% (0.9 ppm) and 75% (1.8 ppm) of the 24-h TL(,m) in a flow through system at 10 and 30('o)/ooS. No steady state salinity-related differences occurred in ventilation volume (V(,w)), oxygen extraction efficiency (E), oxygen uptake (VO(,2)), heartbeat frequency (F(,H)), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), post- and prebranchial oxygen tensions (PAO(,2), PVO(,2)) and oxygen contents. Protein …