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Fisheries Research Report No 88 - A Synopsis Of The Biology And The Exploitation Of The Australiasian Pilchard, Sardinops Neopilchardus (Steindachner) Part 1: Biology, W. J. Fletcher

Fisheries Research Reports

There have been a large number of studies which relate to the biology and exploitation of the Australian pilchard, Sardinops neopilchardus. Much of the data, however, are located in journals which are hard to obtain, or in unpublished reports, and theses. With the increase in catch of pil­chards, particularly in Western Australia, a collation of all the available knowledge pertaining to pilchards in Australia and New Zealand was desired to help with the planning of future research into the Western Australian stocks of this species. This report contains all the information located on the biology of Sardinops neopilchardus, a companion …

The Regulation Of The Transferrin Receptor By Inducers Of Cellular Differentiation And By Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides, Peter Tai-Ching Ho

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Modulation of surface transferrin receptor (TfR) activity has been associated with leukemia cell differentiation and proliferation. To examine the mechanisms involved in regulating this event, surface receptor protein and mRNA levels were measured in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate along the myelocytic and monocytic pathways. Surface TfR down-regulation which occurs during granulocytic differentiation by dimethylsulfoxide, retinoic acid, or aclacinomycin A appears to be kinetically compatible with reduced biosynthesis resulting from reductions in the level of steady-state mRNA. In contrast, biosynthetic modulation does not appear to mediate the intial surface receptor down-regulation seen during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced macrophagic differentiation. However, a …

Grasshoppers In Utah: General Biology, Edward W. Evans

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Cytoskeletal Development In The Epidermal Cells Of An Insect, Calpodes Ethlius Stoll (Lepidoptera:Hesperiidae), Patric John Delhanty

Digitized Theses

A basic problem in insect metamorphosis is the means by which insects change shape. This can be studied by examining the shape changes of individual epidermal cells. I have found that removal of the basal lamina from the epidermis allows the shape and basal surfaces of these cells to be seen by scanning electron microscopy. In the 5th larval stage of Calpodes ethlius the cells extend basal processes or feet. Feet develop in three phases. Just after ecdysis they are short and randomly oriented. The cells are closely packed and their bases have punctate hemidesmosomes. The hemidesmosomes become elongated and …

Molecular Characterization Of Membrane Proteins Of Schistosoma Mansoni, Steven Robert Karcz

Digitized Theses

Schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent human diseases and is caused by the long-term survival of parasitic blood flukes. Membrane constituents at the surface of these parasites play a major role in parasite metabolism and elaborate sophisticated mechanisms for evasion of the host immune response. Despite this fact, little is known about the molecular properties or functions of individual membrane proteins. This study provides information regarding two polypeptides associated with the apical plasma membrane (APM) of Schistosoma mansoni.;An in vitro system for studying protein phosphorylation in the isolated APM was developed and the protein substrates of endogenous protein kinase …

Physiological And Growth Responses Of Macoma Balthica (Mollusca:Pelecypoda) To Environmental And Genetic Factors, With Emphasis On A Hudson Bay Population Near Churchill, Shirley Siew-Lee Lim

Digitized Theses

Growth rate of most intertidal organisms generally declines in an upshore direction. However, Macoma balthica from 1.0m above mean low water (MLW) grew faster than those from MLW in Churchill (Hudson Bay). This anomaly was the focus of this study. The first objective was to determine if this phenomenon is widespread or localised. Results showed that the "Churchill phenomenon" was not present along the St. Lawrence River and the Bay of Fundy and was confined to sites along the coast of Hudson Bay east of Churchill to Cape Henrietta Marie on James Bay.;The second objective was to examine the effects …

Intracellular Calcium And The Regulation Of Growth Hormone Release By Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor And Somatostatin In Rat Somatotrophs, Benoit Thierry Lussier

Digitized Theses

The release of growth hormone (GH) from the somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary is under the control of two hypothalamic peptides, GH-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF), which stimulates and inhibits release respectively. The aim of this study was to explore the role of intracellular Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} ( (Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar}) {dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm i{rcub}{dollar}) in the regulation of GH release by GRF and SRIF in acutely dispersed purified rat somatotrophs.;The role of extracellular Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} was studied by assessing the effect of Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar}-free medium and Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} antagonists on GRF-induced GH release. The fluorescent dye indo-1 was used to measure (Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar}) {dollar}\sb{lcub}\rm i{rcub}{dollar}. Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} influx was …

Effect Of An Extract Of Superior Ovarian Nerve On Steroidogenesis By Porcine Theca Cells In Vitro, Paul Andrew Morley

Digitized Theses

Ovarian steroidogenesis may be controlled not only by pituitary gonadotropins, but also by ovarian nerves. Nerves reach the ovary via the plexus nerve and the superior ovarian nerve (SON), and innervate the theca cells of all follicles. Thecal androgen biosynthesis is primarily controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH); however, the presence of nerves close to these cells has raised the question of whether nerves can modulate their androgen biosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to develop a porcine theca cell culture system, and to use it to investigate the effects of putative ovarian neurotransmitters and ovarian nerve factors on thecal …

Expression Of The Proto-Oncogene C-Fos Following Electrical Kindling In The Rat, G Campbell Teskey

Digitized Theses

Kindling is an example of permanent change in brain function that results from repeated elicitation of epileptiform neural activity. The molecular/genetic mechanisms by which kindling is produced and maintained are just beginning to be addressed. Recently two proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-Ha-ras, have been identified as possible mediators of intracellular signal transduction and may mediate the kindling process. Additionally, c-fos, has been proposed as the gene responsible for turning on molecular events that might underlie the long-term neural changes that occur during kindling. The objective of the present study was to: (i) further investigate the enhancement of c-fos and c-Ha-ras levels …

Expression Of Growth Factor Inducible Genes, Paul Waterhouse

Digitized Theses

cDNA libraries were constructed using the Okayama/Berg cloning strategy, and full length cDNA clones for the growth factor inducible genes TIMP, MRP, MEP and calcyclin were isolated, and used to study the temporal and spatial patterns of expression of these genes. The TIMP and MRP cDNAs were used to express the murine proteins in E. coli. The native proteins were found to be expressed only at low levels, although fusion proteins with MRP and TIMP sequences at the carboxyl terminus of {dollar}\beta{dollar}-galactosidase were expressed at high levels in E. coli. The purified fusion proteins were used to raise MRP and …

Mechanisms Of Host Cell Control Over Coronavirus Replication Within Glial Cells From The Nervous System Of Rodents, Greame A. Wilson

Digitized Theses

In vitro primary cultures of glial cells from neonatal rats and mice were established and utilized in an effort to better characterize the virus-cell interactions and host-cell mechanisms controlling coronavirus (CV) infections within the nervous system of rodents.;Primary cerebral explant cultures from mice, containing oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, when infected with CV-JHMV and MHV{dollar}\sb3{dollar} demonstrated no discrimination in cell tropism with both viruses replicating in either cell-type. Induction of oligodendrocyte differentiation with dbcAMP treatment resulted in a profound suppression of CV replication consistent with previous findings on JHMV replication in differentiated rat oligodendrocytes. A possible mechanism for this CV restriction may …

Mating System Of Natural Populations Of The White-Footed Mouse, Peromyscus Leucopus, Xuhua Xia

Digitized Theses

The mating system of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus has caused much confusion among evolutionary biologists interested in the social biology of the species. Some studies documented well-developed paternal behaviour (Horner 1947; McCarty and Southwick 1977; Hartung and Dewsburry 1979) and pair-activity (Mineau and Madison 1977). These results favour a monogamous mating system. Other studies proposed polyandry based on spatial association between adult males and females (Myton 1974). Still others argued for polygyny (Cicirello and Wolff, in press). All these studies are speculative.;I studied the mating system of the species with four different approaches. I first tested whether oestrous females …

Population Ecology Of Panicum Virgatum L And Agropyron Psammophilum Gillett & Senn On The Dune System Along Lake Erie, Jianhua Zhang

Digitized Theses

Panicum virgatum and Agropyron psammophilum are the two dominant sand-binding grasses on the sand dunes along Lake Erie at Port Burwell Provincial Park. In this thesis, results on some aspects of seed and seedling ecology are presented.;Seeds of P. virgatum possess innate dormancy. Pretreatment for two weeks at constant or alternating temperatures ranging from 5 to 15{dollar}\sp\circ{dollar}C under either dark or light/dark conditions significantly improved seed germination. Injury to the seed embryo also significantly increased seed germination. After ripening of seeds in dry storage at room temperature did not alter their germinability significantly during the first 26 weeks. Seeds of …

Effects Of Maternal Ethanol Infusion On The Near-Term Ovine Fetus, Graeme Neil Smith

Digitized Theses

Few studies have examined the underlying mechanism(s) of action of ethanol (EtOH) in the developing fetus, especially for non-alcoholic drinking patterns. We have established an experimental protocol using the conscious instrumented near-term pregnant ewe, in which the EtOH-induced suppression of fetal breathing movements (FBM), observed in pregnant women, can be mimicked. The goal of this thesis research was to further characterize the effects of EtOH on the fetus and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of EtOH action, specifically as it pertains to the suppression of FBM.;A previous study by this laboratory demonstrated that maternal intravenous infusion of EtOH (1 g/kg …

Actin In Silk Gland Nuclear Development, Scott C. Henderson

Digitized Theses

Nuclei in the giant silk gland cells of Calpodes ethlius grow continuously to form highly branched, regionally characteristic shapes. These cells were studied in an attempt to correlate the arrangement of nuclear and cytoskeletons with nuclear shape.;Nuclear matrices, examined in situ by SEM, have filament meshworks with shapes similar to those of Feulgen stained nuclei. Isolated nuclear matrices, examined by TEM, have parallel filaments within the nuclear branches. Hoechst stained DNA has a similar alignment. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that, although extraordinary in shape, these nuclei have some of the same matrix antigens found in smaller, spherical nuclei. SDS-PAGE of the …

Genetic Variability And Population Structure Of Eastern White Pine In A Two Hectare Stand, Durham, New Hampshire, Petr R. Brym

Doctoral Dissertations

The genetic structure of a two hectare stand of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was studied by relating foliar allozyme composition of individual trees to tree location and age. Using starch gel electrophoresis, the trees were found to have variants for six of the seven enzymes analyzed. Trees of similar age and with common allozymes were found in clusters, suggesting that genetic structure existed in the stand. The genetic structure may have originated during establishment of several seedlings from common parents when openings were created in the canopy. Knowing that a genetic structure, such as that observed in this …

The Biosystematics Of Carex Section Scirpinae (Cyperaceae), Debra Ann Dunlop

Doctoral Dissertations

Carex section Scirpinae is a small group of North American sedges that possess a dioecious breeding system, unispicate inflorescences and pubescent perigynia. Historically, ten different taxa had been recognized at the specific or infraspecific levels based primarily on morphological characters. Taxonomic problems in the group were related to the lack of a comprehensive monographic treatment. Floristic treatments were limited and focused only on a few regional taxa. Descriptions were often incomplete, lacking descriptions of staminate material or complicated by the inconsistent use of the terms phyllopodic and aphyllopodic. Patterns of variation in morphological characters across a wide geographic range were …

Characterization Of A Cytotoxin From Campylobacter Jejuni And Its Role In Pathogenicity, Sangeeta Mahajan

Doctoral Dissertations

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause worldwide of human gastroenteritis. In this study, the pathogenicity of the organism was examined in fertile hens' eggs and the mortality data and histopathological findings induced by both the organism and bacteria-free filtered broth were similar. The absence in chick embryo tissues of either bacteria or an inflammatory infiltrate suggested a toxic etiology. A protein was obtained from the filtrate by gel electroelution and this was sensitive to heat, pH changes and trypsin treatment and was lethal for the fertile hen's egg. It showed cytotoxic effects in primary chick embryo fibroblast (PCEF), Chinese hamster …

Structural And Functional Characterization Of The Yeast General Transcriptional Activator Ccr4, Thomas M. Malvar

Doctoral Dissertations

Transcription of the glucose-repressible ADH (ADH2 locus) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by two regulatory pathways. The general transcriptional factors CCR4, CRE1, and CRE2 constitute the first pathway while the second pathway is comprised of the trans-activators ADR1 and CCR1. Both ADR1 and CCR1 act through upstream activation sequences (UAS) found in the 5$\sp\prime$-regulatory region of the ADH2 structual gene. In contrast, the action of CCR4, CRE1, and CRE2 is likely to be at sequences near the TATAA element of ADH2.

The CCR4 locus was precisely mapped on the left arm of chromosome I where it had previously been localized. …

Population Ecology And Feeding Biology Of Nudibranchs In Colonies Of The Hydroid Obelia Geniculata, Walter J. Lambert

Doctoral Dissertations

Kelp blades (Laminaria spp.) with colonies of Obelia geniculata were collected over a 28 month period from Cape Neddick, ME to document the epifaunal community and to determine the possible mechanisms allowing four nudibranch species to coexist. Regression analyses correlated the abundances of epifauna with habitat parameters. The feeding biology of nudibranchs was described. Density manipulations of nudibranchs in pair-wise behavioral interactions tested the effects of interference on the location of nudibranchs in the colony.

Obelia geniculata provides habitat and food for many invertebrate epifauna. The hydroid colony acts as the island for most species. Hydrocauli provide structure to motile …

Factors Affecting The Foraging Ecology Of The Rock Snail Stramonita Haemastoma., Terry David Richardson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

I examined how wave action and predators affect the feeding of the intertidal snail, Stramonita haemastoma. In laboratory wave simulators, the numbers of oysters eaten and tissue mass consumed were reduced compared to controls, but prey size selection was not affected. Handling times and profits (g dry tissue/handling time) of snails feeding on oysters did not differ between snails in wave simulators and controls. Over both treatments, small oysters reduced snail handling times but provided profits similar to that of large oysters. In contrast, field experiments showed that wave exposure was correlated with an increase in the number of oysters …

Factors Involved In Immune Modulation Of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection., Wanda V. Pool

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is an exogenous type-C retrovirus which can induce an aleukemic (AL) stage, a persistent lymphocytotic (PL) stage, or a lymphosarcomatous (LS) stage in infected animals. After experimental infection with BLV, whole blood and serum samples were obtained from 12 holstein heifers for 103 weeks and used to correlate clinical signs (visual observation and white blood cell counts) with changes in humoral immune response (Agar gel immunodiffusion using envelope gp50 as primary antigen, and ELISA and Western immunoblots using whole BLV as antigen). Monoclonal antibodies against BLV envelope gp50 and gag p24 were produced to confirm reactivity …

Juvenile Penaeid Shrimp Ecology In A Louisiana Coastal Marsh Management Area., Everett Eric Knudsen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Juvenile penaeid shrimp were studied by a variety of methods in a southwest Louisiana, brackish marsh. Most of the work was conducted in two study ponds, one with a fixed-crest weir and the other without. In mark and recapture studies, both brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus and white shrimp P. setiferus were found to grow faster in marsh behind a fixed-crest weir. There was no apparent weir effect on mortality of either species. Brown shrimp emigrated an average of 12 d later from marsh behind the weir; white shrimp were sometimes delayed by the weir. The peak of brown shrimp emigration …

Demographic Growth Analysis, James B. Mcgraw, Keith Garbutt

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Endocrinological Analysis Of Sandpiper Social Systems., Cheri Lynn Gratto

Theses and Dissertations

I examined the endocrinological regulation of social behavior in two sympatric species of sandpipers exhibiting very different social systems. Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) are monogamous and territorial, while Red-necked Phalaropes (Phalaropus lobatus) are facultatively polyandrous and non-territorial. Both parents incubate equally in the Semipalmated Sandpiper, while only male phalaropes care for eggs and young. By comparing circulating hormone levels (prolactin, testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol) between species and sexes throughout the breeding season, differences in hormonal profiles were related to behavior.Blood samples were collected in the summers of 1985 to 1987 from individuals of both species breeding in a 3 km$\sp2$ …

The Relationship Of Serum Killing, Phagocytosis And Oxidant Production By Bovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages To Intracellular Survival Of Brucella Abortus., Denise Ida Bounous

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Functional activities of monocyte-derived macrophages and serum killing ability in a population of Brucella abortus-naive cows were evaluated. The ability of these macrophages to phagocytize and control intracellular survival of B.abortus and to produce oxidant was measured. Fresh normal bovine sera killed significantly more B.abortus than reactor serum or fetal bovine serum. When heated to destroy complement, none of the sera were capable of significant killing. The ability of sera from B.abortus-naive cows to kill the bacteria was normally distributed, with all animals within $\pm$ 2 sd of the mean. Phagocytosis of bacteria opsonized with autologous or reactor sera was …

Evaluation Of Selected Pulmonary Function Tests In Resting Thoroughbred Horses Having Reversible, Experimentally Induced Respiratory Dysfunctions., Alan John Guthrie

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of the first part of this study was to develop computerized techniques for automation of instrument calibration, data collection and calculation of indices of pulmonary mechanical function in resting and exercising horses. The microcomputer system developed enabled a single trained technician to reliably operate the equipment in an equine pulmonary mechanics laboratory. The first experiment investigated the temporal effects of histamine and methacholine aerosols on indices of pulmonary mechanics derived from the linear equation of motion. Data calculated on a breath-by-breath basis were too variable to be reliably modeled. Following application of averaging techniques, the temporal effects of …

Beta-Endorphin Receptors On Equine Lymphocytes: Relationship To Immune Function And Exercise., Jena Gosselink Hamra

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Current evidence suggests that endogenous opioids are released in response to various stressors and that these opioids interact with cells of the immune system, and modulate immune function. However, data substantiating this are conflicting. Therefore, this study endeavored to clarify the role of beta-endorphin (BE) in exercise and immune function. Beta-endorphin exhibited a diurnal rhythm in the horse with peak plasma levels occurring at 0900 hours. Analgesia, tachycardia and mydriasis were also observed at this time, mimicking the effects of morphine in the horse. Therefore, subsequent experiments were performed at 0900 hours during times of increased basal opioid activity. Beta-endorphin …

Assessment Of Athletic Potential And Augmentation Of Performance In Thoroughbred Racehorses., John Daniel Harkins

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purposes of this dissertation were to (1) determine running abilities of horses on the racetrack, (2) design treadmill standard exercise tests (SETs) to measure exercise variables that correlate with racetrack performance, and (3) assess the influence of training, competition, and ergogenic aids on performance. Run times of 25 Thoroughbreds were determined during solo and competitive track runs of 1200, 1600, and 2000 meters. Cardiac, respiratory, and hematologic variables were later measured during treadmill SETs. Variables were correlated with average run times. Heart rate scores, V$\sb{200}$, plasma lactate values, and maximal oxygen uptake correlated best with performance. Interval and conventional …

A Geographic Information System For Risk Assessment Of Fasciola Hepatica In Cattle., Stanley Harland Zukowski

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A geographic information system (GIS) was used to assemble and analyze data on the spatial distribution of habitat of the snail, Fossaria bulimoides, an intermediate hose of Fasciola hepatica. A model of habitat was developed on a single 760ha farm on the Chenier Plain of southwestern Louisiana and extrapolated for testing on 12 other farms in a 29,000ha extended study area of the Chenier Plain region. Input maps were: (1) soil series (type), (2) fencelines, (3) F. bulimoides habitat, and (4) soil salinity. On the primary study farm, habitat was strongly associated with interfaces of marsh and chenier (relict beach) …