Digital Commons Network^™

Utilizing Trichoderma Harzianum And Semi In-Planta For Management Damping-Off Fusarium Solani In Corn Varieties, Zul Fauzi Nugroho Hadi, Suhartiningsih Dwi Nurcahyanti, Rachmi Masnilah, Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana, Sigit Prastowo, Hardian Susilo Addy, Syaiful Khoiri, Ali Wafa

Baghdad Science Journal

The utilization of Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae) as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic fungi has gained extensive recognition in the field of agriculture. Fusarium solani (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae) is a pathogen that causes damping-off in corn plants and poses a significant global challenge to corn farmers. This study aimed to investigate the potential management of damping-off disease caused by F. solani in three varieties of corn, utilizing T. harzianum in conjunction with the semi in-planta method. It was demonstrated that both in vitro and semi in-planta T. harzianum treatments had the ability to suppress damping-off disease in corn varieties. …

Whole Genome Sequencing Of Curtobacterium Flaccumfaciens Strain Shgh, Isolated From The Nodes Of Olea Europaea In Mosul, Iraq, Shaimaa Yaseen Taha, Ghazwan Qasim Hasan, Igor Ivanovski

Baghdad Science Journal

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens SHGH was associated with Koch's postulates about wilt disease in Olea europaea (olive trees) located in Mosul, Iraq. Since olive trees are an important cash crop for Iraq, a whole-genome analysis of SHGH was conducted. The complete genome was sequenced using the IIIumina MiSeq sequencer and uploaded to GenBank under the accession number JAUMSN000000000.1. The circular chromosome consists of 3,834,306 bp, 70.7 percent GC content, 4,176 protein-coding sequences, 53 RNA genes, 7 ribosomal RNA genes, and 42 transfer RNA genes. According to the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization technique are 11 strains closely related to the SHGH strain. The …

Calculate Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Road Vehicles In Baghdad City Using Ipcc Methodology, Zainab N. Abdulateef, Adel H. Talib, Maitham A. Sultan

Baghdad Science Journal

The transportation sector plays a vital role in facilitating human well-being by moving people and goods. In Iraq, the sector faces significant challenges, including an annual fuel loss of up to 500 billion dinars and substantial fuel wastage. Each vehicle consumes approximately 570 liters of gasoline annually due to traffic congestion, as the number of vehicles at peak times is estimated per kilometer of the three-lane street (1,059 cars km/h). In contrast, their number is estimated at regular times (450 cars km/h), leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion used to operate vehicle engines. The current study analyzed …

Watching The Grass Grow: Expanding Outreach And Accessibility Of Itex-Aon, Justin Blough

Masters Projects

Science has an accessibility problem. Though results are published and the component data is archived and made publicly available, distrust in and misunderstanding of science by the lay populace remains common. This work focuses on bolstering the outreach component of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX)—Arctic Observing Network (AON) to increase public awareness, interactivity, and ultimately, the understanding of how the science of ITEX-AON takes place. This project uses several component methods to further outreach goals of ITEX-AON. These include: documentary photography of researchers, study sites, subjects and the surrounding environments, 360-degree imaging and interactive virtual tour building, building interactive data …

Life Of Moo Deng, The Internet Sensation Pygmy Hippopotamus: An Overview Of The Biology And Conservation Breeding Program In Thailand, Ampika Thongphakdee, Atthapon Nundee, Umaporn Maikeaw, Narongwit Chodchoy, Chainarong Punkong, Kaywalee Chatdarong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The hippopotamus, commonly known as the hippo, is classified into two extant species: the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis). Pygmy hippos are fascinating creatures native to the forests and swamps of West Africa. Their survival is increasingly threatened by habitat loss resulting from agricultural expansion and urban development. As the population declines, zoological institutions play a crucial role in conservation by acting as genetic reservoirs and promoting public awareness of wildlife and environmental protection. “Moo Deng”, a pygmy hippo, whose name in Thai has gained international recognition, represents a notable success …

Acting On Behalf Of An Endangered Species - A Student-Led Initiative To Protect The San Joaquin Kit Fox (Vulpes Macrotis Mutica) On The Csub Campus, Antje Lauer, Sarah Alame, Brittney Beck, Lucas Hall

CSU Journal of Sustainability and Climate Change

California State University Bakersfield (CSUB) is the only campus in the U.S. that has supported an endangered canine species on its campus grounds for many decades. Deprived of its prime habitat, open grassland, the San Joaquin kit fox (SJKF) (Vulpes macrotis mutica) was able to adapt to urban areas in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The presence of an endangered species on campus grounds comes with responsibilities and requires knowledge of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In the spring of 2023, students and faculty observed several violations of the ESA by CSUB Facilities Management due to ground disturbance and …

Molecular Identification And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hydra Vulgaris From Greater Zab River, Iraq, Shwan Khursheed Bashê

Baghdad Science Journal

No genomic data for Hydra vulgaris was recorded in Iraq. DNA barcoding is a modern technique used for accurate identification that is more important than previous studies utilizing morphology characters. This study aims to investigate the identification of H. vulgaris based on genomic analysis using the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) and construct a phylogenetic tree as the first study in Iraq. In our current investigation, we found species of Hydra from the Greater Zab River during June–July 2022, with average Water temperatures (25.1–29.6°C), Hydrogen potential (pH) 7.5–7.8, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6.3–7 mg/l. As a result, …

Soil Water Contents Affect The Physiological Traits Of Duku Undergoing Sudden Death Disease, In Jambi, Islah Hayati, Sosiawan Nusifera, Mapegau Mapegau, Budiyati Ichwan, Marlina Marlina, Nasamsir Nasamsir

Baghdad Science Journal

Duku, also known as Lancium domesticum Corr, is a plant native to Jambi Province, Indonesia, which is currently facing a sudden death disease. The plant generally grows in the alluvial of the Batanghari River, which is among the widest and longest rivers in Indonesia. Duku is consumed as a fresh fruit that tastes sweet and contains many antioxidants. The phenomenon of duku disease has the potential to cause scarcity, as its population continues to decline. The disease begins with root rot and is prevalent in areas that are often flooded due to the overflow of the Batanghari River. This study …

A Meta-Analysis Of The Effects Of Probiotic Supplementation On Type 2 Diabetes Parameters, Mostefa Naimi, Zineb Benmechernene, Méghit Boumédiène Khaled

Baghdad Science Journal

We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on type 2 diabetes (T2D) related variables. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched from PubMed, Springer-link and Scopus data bases published between 2016 and 2020. Collected studies were independently assessed for eligibility, data extracted and evaluated for risk of bias. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1. The effects of probiotics were assessed for: body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis, model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic …

Hexavalent Chromium (Vi) Removal Efficiency From Petroleum Refinery Effluent Using Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Planted With Arundo Donax L. In Erbil, Iraq, Dilshad Ganjo Ahmad Ganjo

Baghdad Science Journal

This work assessed the efficacy of A. donax L. (giant reed) in outdoor hybrid-built wetland (HCW) experiments for the removal of the Cr (VI), from KCPS refinery effluents (32 km southwest of Erbil, Iraq). Results showed that A. donax L. macrophyte experienced an excellent adaptation and tolerance of the highly polluted effluent by Cr (VI), based on their significant biomass output and perfect survival rate over the entire 91-day experiment. The Cr (VI) concentrations taken from the outlet samples of HCWs (planted with A. donax L.) ranged from (0.04 to 0.12 mg/l), with a mean value of (0.07 ± …

Review: The Talking Earth, Janice Delong, Rachel Schwedt

Ages 10-12

Appreciation of nature, Citizenship, Cleverness, Confidence, Coping, Courage, Craftsmanship, Creativity, Cunning, Curiosity, Dignity, Discernment, Diversity, Ethnic pride, Fear, Friendliness, Independence, Initiative, Kindness, Knowledge, Maturity, Obedience, Persistence, Perseverance, Resilience, Resourcefulness, Respect, Responsibility, Self-reliance, Self-respect, Sharing, Spunk, Strength, Survival (physical), Understanding, Wisdom, Work ethic

Review: The Animal Book: A Collection Of The Fastest, Fiercest, Toughest, Cleverest, Shyest, And Most Surprising Animals On Earth, Janice Delong, Rachel Schwedt

Ages 10-12

Cleverness, Creativity, Imagination, Knowledge

Arkansas High School Teacher Perceptions About Declining Enrollment And Learning Experiences In Advanced Science Courses, Tanya Lynette Ruble

Student Theses and Dissertations

Student enrollment in advanced high school science courses in Arkansas, specifically Chemistry, Physics, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, and AP Physics has declined since 2014. Colleges across the nation recommend that students take Biology, Chemistry, and Physics in high school to prepare for rigorous science majors in college. Decreased enrollment in these subjects can lead to fewer college science majors and impact the preparation of students for careers in STEM fields such as engineering and healthcare. This qualitative phenomenological study utilized three research questions to explore the reasons for the decline in advanced high school science course enrollment in Arkansas. It …

Using Molecular Evolution To Explore Alternative Receptors For Sars-Cov-2, Aemelia Price, Kayden Harris, Ruby Bentz, John Frank

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Zoonotic viruses, which can spread from animals to humans, are responsible for recent human pandemics. Thus, it is critical to understand the molecular factors that allow viruses to infect host cells. Since 2020, SARS-CoV-2 likely spilled over from bats into the human population causing approximately 7 million deaths globally. While SARS-CoV-2 is known to canonically use angiotensin converting enzyme 2 to bind and enter cells, recent molecular studies have discovered 10 alternative human receptors. It is unclear whether these proteins represent biologically significant avenues for SARS-CoV-2 entry in humans or other animals. We hypothesize that host receptor sequence changes resulting …

Quantifying Fungal Abundances In Vineyard Soils, Marianna Stewart

Linfield University Student Symposium: A Celebration of Scholarship and Creative Achievement

Biodynamic farming is essential to the quality of the food being grown and sustainability of the land. It promotes a self-sustaining environment and increases soil fertility, especially since it considers the aspects of the land that are already optimal for growth. However, crops may be more susceptible to pathogens. A potential solution to fungal pathogens is to increase the concentration of beneficial fungi in the soil, with the goal of outcompeting the pathogens. To assess whether specific farming practices increased fungal loads in the soil, we took two samples from each of six rows in a vineyard in Sherwood, OR. …

Comparative Methylation Analyses Across Juglans Species To Investigate Epigenetic Contributions To Fungal Resistance, Keertana Chagari

Honors Scholar Theses

Juglans cinerea (butternut) is a critically threatened North American tree species experiencing severe declines due to the fungal pathogen Ophiognomonia clavigignentijuglandacearum. In contrast, its Asian relative, Juglans ailantifolia (Japanese walnut), shows natural resistance. To investigate the genomic and epigenetic factors underlying this difference, we constructed and analyzed high-quality, chromosome-level genome assemblies for both species from long-read sequencing data (J. ailantifolia: 527Mb; J. cinerea: 586Mb), focusing on transposable element (TE) content, DNA methylation patterns, and regulation of pathogen resistance genes (PRGs).

Repeat analysis revealed that J. cinerea has a slightly higher overall transposable element (TE) content, with …

Effectiveness Of A Contextualized Interactive Multimedia For Grade 8 Science Students, Richard G. Cadizal, Ma. Cristina Bandarlipe

Annual Research Congress for High School and Elementary Teachers, Researchers, and Scholars (ARCHERS)

The Computer-Assisted Instruction is undertaken widely to catch interest and to improve student’s performance. This Descriptive and Quasi- Experimental research was anchored in determining the effects of the developed and validated Contextualized Interactive Multimedia (CIMM) to the non-equivalent groups of grade 8 students of Tanglag National High School in their Science subject. To determine the level of interest of the population toward Science subject, the researcher utilized a 10-item survey-questionnaire called Test of Related Science Attitude (TORSA). Additionally, a researcher-made pretest and posttest questionnaires were administered to determine the academic performance of the respondents. Findings showed that there is an …

Antibiotic Resistance And Molecular Characteristics Of Upcoming Pathogenic Kocuria Spp. Isolated From Iraq And Egypt, Maisam B. Al-Khamesi, Mohamed Khaled Ibrahim, Einas Hamed El-Shatoury, Iman Mohamed Amin El Kholy, Eslam Es Mikawye, Sahar T. M. Tolba

Baghdad Science Journal

Kocuria spp. isolates were collected from different clinical samples from Medical City Educational Laboratories/ Baghdad and Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Cairo. Identification was carried out by VITEK2 automated compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and detection of macrolides resistance genes ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA & mef, integron intI1 and intI2 were also investigated. Results indicated that 60 isolates were collected from the two countries, 42 isolates from Iraq, and 18 isolates from Egypt. The bacterial isolates were identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics. They were susceptible to pipracillin/Tazobactam and vancomycin, resistant to …

The Effect Of Bio And Nano Fertilizer On Growth And Yield Of Basil Plant And Its Content Of Active Ingredients, Radhiyah Ali Hasan Ahmad, Hayder Abdulmunem A. Turk, Suha Dhia Abid Ali Twaij

Baghdad Science Journal

A factorial experiment was conducted at the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn al-Haitham/University of Baghdad for the 2023 growing season to study the effect of the biofertilizer represented by the mycorrhizae vaccine and the NPK Nano fertilizer on some indicators of vegetative and root growth, yield, and volatile oil production of the basil plant, Ocimum basilicum L., the experiment included two factors. The first factor was mycorrhizae inoculum at 2 levels: 0 (no addition) and an addition of 25 g plant^–1, as the seeds were inoculated upon planting. The second factor was spraying the plant’s shoots …

Amplification Of D18s51, D8s1179, And Fes Loci Of Dna Samples Isolated From Guitar String Stored At Room Temperature, Abdul Hadi Furqoni, Anindita Riesti Retno Arimurti, Meri Meri, Ni Luh Ayu Megasari, Indah Nuraini Masjkur, Qurrota A’Yunil Huda, Intan Sari Nuraini, Luluk Hermawati

Baghdad Science Journal

The act of criminality is an unlawful behavior that constitutes a criminal offense. Criminals use various ways to hide evidence at the crime scene. Forensic experts often find DNA on items found at the crime scene, one of the types of evidence is a guitar. Guitar is one of the musical instruments often played by humans that can be used as a comparison. Methods: This study used 18 guitar string samples that had been used for five minutes and incubated at room temperature. The 18 samples were then divided into three groups, in which each group consisted of six samples …

Downregulation Of Biofilm Formation Genes In Some Pathogenic Bacteria By Extracts From Two Algal Genera, Nishtiman S Hasan, Janan J Toma, Abdulilah S Ismaeil, Suzan A Shareef, Muhsin J Abdulwahid

Baghdad Science Journal

Most infectious diseases are primarily caused by the growth of microorganisms called biofilms. The formation of bacterial biofilms enables microorganisms to inhabit biotic and abiotic surfaces which increases their resistance to antimicrobials. To control this issue, there is a critical need for novel approaches and compounds can suppress the expression or regulation of virulence genes. A potential method for disarming rather than eliminating bacterial pathogens is antivirulence therapy based on the blockage of biofilm pathways. In current study, the action of water, diethyl ether and acetone extraction on two types of algae namely Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorosarcinopsis eremi in their …

Antimicrobial And Antibiofilm Activity Of Local Wheat Bran Extract And Bacteriocin Combination Against Gastrointestinal Pathogens, Omer Natheer Abbas, Majid Rasheed Majeed

Baghdad Science Journal

Gastrointestinal microbial infections have increased especially between children and represent a community burden. The present experiment was designed to examine the combined impact of local wheat bran bioactive compounds and Bacteriocin over locally isolated pathogens including S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans and evaluate their antimicrobial and antibiofilm eligibility. Local wheat Ibaa99 bran extract consists of phenolic compounds, phytic acid and inulin, Bacteriocin was purified from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei that was identified as a new strain (namely MOIQ35) by the 16S rRNA gene using the PCR technique and after its registration with The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The …

From The Sea To The Classroom: Harmful Algal Blooms, Northern Sea Otters, And Engaging Curriculum, Emily Mailman

Biological Sciences

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) consist of a myriad of phytoplankton that can produce multiple potentially lethal biotoxins, which are ingested by shellfish as they consume algae in their diet. HAB events can occur when sunlight, nutrients, temperature, and turbidity conditions combine optimally. These bloom events are expected to increase as ocean temperatures continue to rise. The present study takes a multifaceted approach to evaluate the concentrations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), in northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni), and provides a curriculum for students in grades 9-12 to support student’s conceptualization of microscopic phytoplankton and their roles in coastal ecosystems. …

Law School News: Better Than He Found It 4-24-2025, Danna Lorch, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Law School News: Destined For Law: From Legal Dream To Valedictorian 05-13-2025, Jane Govednik

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

Performative Biomechanics : Evolving Buildings Into Inhabitable Organisms, Josh Lopez

Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year

There has always been a connection between biology and architecture. Michael Pawlyn, in Biomimicry in Architecture, coined “biomechanical designs” to describe structural techniques derived from creatures. This study investigates chitin-based creatures. Crustaceans, insects, and microscopic organisms all have exoskeletons in nature. With a focus on crabs, other crustaceans and bugs, this study examines and evaluates the formal characteristics of chitin-based organisms. The architectural creations of OXMAN, NOX, which was founded by Lars Spuybroek; and Lebbeus Woods are among those that are analyzed and studied due to their inspiration from living things. They follow functional effectiveness in nature, which is why …

A Cross-Taxa Comparison Of Avian Telomere Dynamics, Age, And Lifespan, Benjamin Konigsberg

Honors Theses

When eukaryotes replicate cells throughout their life, the end regions of chromosomes naturally degrade as a result of the 5' to 3' directionality of DNA polymerase. There is a point when the chromosome is too damaged to provide normal cellular functions, so the cell will die. Telomeres act as a buffer by providing repetitive sequences of non-coding nucleotides. While telomeres do shorten during replication events, the enzyme telomerase can extend telomeres to prevent senescence. Telomere lengths vary between individuals based on different stressor and stress mitigation. Telomeric rate of change is a metric that can capture telomerase activity by measuring …

Advancing Mitochondrial Dna Visualization And Dynamics In Plants: Application Of The Mt-Hi-Ness Fluorescent Marker, Madeleine H. Faber

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a crucial role in cellular energy production and inheritance, yet its dynamics and exchange remain poorly understood in plant systems due to limitations in visualization techniques. Traditional visualization methods such as exogenous DNA stains and fluorescent protein markers present challenges in specificity and live-cell imaging. To address this challenge, we adapted the MT-HI-NESS fluorescent marker, originally developed for mammalian cells, for use in plant mitochondrial studies. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system, we employed mitochondrial targeting sequences (IVD and AOX) to ensure accurate localization and to confirm mtDNA binding specificity. The validation process included fluorescence-based …

Population Dynamics, Life History Characteristics, And Environmental Drivers Of Neomysis Americana In The Damariscotta River Estuary, Allison Fogg Ms '25

All Student Scholarship

Mysid shrimp (Neomysis americana) play a pivotal role in estuarine food webs by linking primary producers to higher trophic levels and serving as an important food source for commercially valuable fish. Despite their ecological significance, mysids are often under sampled, leading to gaps in our understanding of their population dynamics and life history traits. My study investigated N. americana over a full year (June 2023 to May 2024) in the temperate Damariscotta River Estuary in Maine. My research focused on how environmental factors such as temperature, turbidity, salinity, chlorophyll-a, and zooplankton biomass affect mysid density and reproduction. Temperature emerged as …

Investigating The Use Of Socio-Scientific Issues As Phenomena Through A Storyline Framework In A High School Biology Course, Dana Marie Delpha

Theses and Dissertations

This action research dissertation investigates the efficacy of a socio-scientific phenomena-driven biology curriculum in a Title 1 Massachusetts High School. Grounded in social constructivism, culturally relevant pedagogy, and self-determination theories, the study explores the impact of socio-scientific phenomena on students’ perceived importance of science education, motivation, engagement, and achievement. A mixed-methods approach was used, and data was collected through student engagement reflection, Science Motivation Questionnaire, and pre- and post-assessments to holistically evaluate the efficacy of the curriculum. The findings include increased student engagement, motivation, and achievement after participating in the intervention, which supports the motivation-engagement-achievement feedback loop. Student agency was …