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Comparison Of Sprint Stride Kinematics Between Three Different Carbon Spikes – A Case Study, Roland Van Den Tillaar Jul 2024

Comparison Of Sprint Stride Kinematics Between Three Different Carbon Spikes – A Case Study, Roland Van Den Tillaar

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three different carbon spikes that have different carbon plate and foam placement upon stride-by-stride kinematics during short and long sprints. An international leveled 400m (52.60 s) master athlete performed several 50 and 200m sprints, while wearing three different carbon spikes types in which stride kinematics and angular foot velocity were measured. The main findings were that in the 50m sprints with Puma spikes peak velocity and step frequency were lower with longer contact times than with the other spikes and during the 200m Saucony had a shorter average step …


Distal Joint Kinetics Are Associated With Shot Put Performance, Shogo Hashimoto, Tempei Tominaga, Keigo Ohyama Byun, Natsuki Sado Jul 2024

Distal Joint Kinetics Are Associated With Shot Put Performance, Shogo Hashimoto, Tempei Tominaga, Keigo Ohyama Byun, Natsuki Sado

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Shot put motion exhibits upper-limb “push type proximal-to-distal sequence”, which is a common motor task with the lower limb. In the lower limb, proximal muscle function is associated with motor performance. Here we show the strong correlation of the wrist torque and power with the flight distance in the motion of 13 male shot putters. For the shoulder, only the peak torque correlated with the flight distance, whereas for the elbow, flexion torque was exerted, and both torque and power did not correlate with the flight distance. We suggest that it is important for shot putters to strengthen both the …


Effect Of Resisted Sled Sprint Training On Sprinting Abilities Of Junior High School Students, Takeru Hamamichi, Kiyotaka Naoi, Susumu Shigeta, Shin-Ichiro Moriyama Jul 2024

Effect Of Resisted Sled Sprint Training On Sprinting Abilities Of Junior High School Students, Takeru Hamamichi, Kiyotaka Naoi, Susumu Shigeta, Shin-Ichiro Moriyama

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to clarify the effects of different resisted sled sprint (RSS) loads on the sprinting abilities of junior high school students. Thirty-two junior high school students completed five RSS sessions in a physical education class. Each used a 12-, 14.5-, or 17-kg sled for the RSS training. According to the ratio of sled weight to body mass (%BM), the students were divided into light (25.75 ± 2.57%BM) and heavy (34.46 ± 2.96%BM) groups. Students completed a 50-m run before and after the session, and their running time, running velocity, step frequency, and step length at 50 m and …


Overweight And Underweight Implements’ Impact On Critical Factors Of Rotational Shot-Putting Technique, Leah N. Klein, James Becker, Justin Whitten, Megan Peach Jul 2024

Overweight And Underweight Implements’ Impact On Critical Factors Of Rotational Shot-Putting Technique, Leah N. Klein, James Becker, Justin Whitten, Megan Peach

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impacts of heavy and light implements on the kinematics of the rotational shot put technique. Ten collegiate shot putters completed three rotational shot put attempts using competition, overweight and underweight implements. Whole body kinematics were recorded on each throw to evaluate key aspects of shot putting technique including pelvis-torso separation, rear leg hip flexion, rear leg knee flexion, and peak pelvis angular velocity during specific phases of the throw. Results of this study highlight that when using an overweight implement, athletes have significantly less hip flexion compared to the competition-weighted implement …


Assessing The Relationship Between Contralateral Limb Synergy And Rock-Climbing Efficiency, Jeromy Miramontes, Steven Leigh, Robert Powell, Suzanne Konz Jul 2024

Assessing The Relationship Between Contralateral Limb Synergy And Rock-Climbing Efficiency, Jeromy Miramontes, Steven Leigh, Robert Powell, Suzanne Konz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the continuous relative phase (CRP) of a rock-climbing move. Rock climbers (19) of varying years of experience, age, and gender attempted a competition-style bouldering problem as many times as possible in a given time frame. CRP angles were calculated for the left hip to right shoulder and left knee to right elbow and Geometric Entropy (GE) was calculated in 2 dimensions. CRP of shoulder to hip and elbow to knee joint angles showed no association with time to complete (TtC) and GE. There was a positive trend as blood …


“Super-Shoes” In Distance Running: Is There A Possible Downside In Trained Women?, Max R. Paquette, Eduardo Martinez Jul 2024

“Super-Shoes” In Distance Running: Is There A Possible Downside In Trained Women?, Max R. Paquette, Eduardo Martinez

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Although “super-shoes” provide a metabolic advantage, anecdotal suggest that consistent wear may contribute to development of knee and hip overuse injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare these injury-related running biomechanics variables between “super-shoes” and traditional training shoes in female distance runners. 18 competitive female runners ran for 5min on a treadmill at 3.6 m/s in “super-shoes” (SUPER) and control shoes (CON) while 3D kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected. Peak knee abduction moment and peak hip internal rotation and abduction moment were larger in SUPER compared to CON but no other biomechanical variables were different …


Impact Of Forefoot Cushioning Stiffness On Block Start Performance In Sprinting, Yannick Denis, Hannah Knoke, Mario Kanjuh, Luca Braun, Markus Hipper, Bastian Anedda, Janina Helwig, Steffen Willwacher Jul 2024

Impact Of Forefoot Cushioning Stiffness On Block Start Performance In Sprinting, Yannick Denis, Hannah Knoke, Mario Kanjuh, Luca Braun, Markus Hipper, Bastian Anedda, Janina Helwig, Steffen Willwacher

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to identify the impact of different forefoot cushioning properties in “advanced spiked footwear” on sprinting performance during the block start. Kinetic parameters were collected for twenty-three competitive sprinters during a block sprint start in two advanced spike conditions with only a difference in forefoot cushioning stiffness. An instrumented start block was used to measure the ground reaction forces applied in the front and rear leg. The stiffer shoe condition showed significantly better performance for most parameters, suggesting a softer midsole in forefoot cushioning is not related to better block start performance. This study has demonstrated that differences …


Visualizing Segmental Contributions To Whole-Body Angular Momentum In The Rotational Shot Put And Discus Throw, Kristof Kipp, Nayun Ahn Jul 2024

Visualizing Segmental Contributions To Whole-Body Angular Momentum In The Rotational Shot Put And Discus Throw, Kristof Kipp, Nayun Ahn

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to develop a method to visualize the contributions of the free limbs to whole-body angular momentum (L) during the rotational shot put and discus throw. Digital video of track and field throwers were recorded as they performed several shot put and discus throw attempts. Videos were processed with markerless motion capture technology, which was used to generate segment center-of-mass (COM) positions. Whole-body L in the global coordinate system was calculated as the sum of transfer terms of the legs, arms, and trunk segments. To visualize transverse plane L generated by the legs …


Relationship Between Kinematic Sequence Characteristics, Upper Extremity Joint Work, And Free-Throw Shooting Accuracy, Tylan Templin, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jonathan Miller, Damjana Cabarkapa, Andrew Fry, Travis Eliason, Lance Frazer, Omar Medjaouri, Kase Saylor, Daniel Nicolella Jul 2024

Relationship Between Kinematic Sequence Characteristics, Upper Extremity Joint Work, And Free-Throw Shooting Accuracy, Tylan Templin, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Jonathan Miller, Damjana Cabarkapa, Andrew Fry, Travis Eliason, Lance Frazer, Omar Medjaouri, Kase Saylor, Daniel Nicolella

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigates the relationship between kinematic sequence variables and upper extremity joint work in basketball free-throw shooting. Thirty-four participants performed free-throw shots, analyzed using a 3D markerless motion capture system (ENABLE). The study focused on the timing of peak segmental angular velocities and their relation to joint work in the shooting shoulder and elbow. Significant correlations were found between the timing of peak angular velocities and upper extremity joint work. The findings suggest that proficient basketball shooters demonstrate a more efficient kinematic sequence, characterized by longer duration of time between knee, pelvis, and elbow peak angular velocities and reduced …


Markerless Motion Capture And Optimal Control To Inform Pitching Mechanics And Reduce Injury Risk, Tylan Templin, Sakiko Oyama, Travis Eliason, Daniel Nicolella Jul 2024

Markerless Motion Capture And Optimal Control To Inform Pitching Mechanics And Reduce Injury Risk, Tylan Templin, Sakiko Oyama, Travis Eliason, Daniel Nicolella

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the utility of predictive musculoskeletal simulations in baseball pitching. An optimal control analysis was developed that aimed to minimize injury risk while maintaining pitching performance. The optimization converged on a solution that reduced peak shoulder internal rotation by 27.1% while maintaining peak hand velocity within 1.7%. The optimized simulation suggested that 1) a lower arm slot 2) greater knee extension in the stride leg would lead to reduced injury risk without degrading performance. This study's findings demonstrate the potential of biomechanical analyses in enhancing performance and reducing injury risks in baseball pitchers.


Where And When: Identifying Key Regions Of Overground Sprint For Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiling, Daniel Geneau, Marc Klimstra, Ming-Chang Tsai Jul 2024

Where And When: Identifying Key Regions Of Overground Sprint For Horizontal Force-Velocity Profiling, Daniel Geneau, Marc Klimstra, Ming-Chang Tsai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to identify regions of an overground sprint trial required to accurately determine independent Horizontal Force Velocity (FV) measures. Forty-seven university aged athletes completed two separate overground sprint trials. Baseline FV metrics; theoretical maximum velocity [V_0], peak velocity [V_max], maximum power [P_max], maximum theoretical force [F_0], decrease ratio of force [DRF], and force-velocity slope [〖FV〗_slope] were calculated for each trial. Trials were then modified by systematically removing percentages of the total sprint from the beginning and end of the trial independently. FV metrics were compared at each percentage stage and compared to baseline. Results of …


Analysis Of Kinematics During Sprint Running And Different Types Of Jumps, Bjørn Johansen, Roland Van Den Tillaar Jul 2024

Analysis Of Kinematics During Sprint Running And Different Types Of Jumps, Bjørn Johansen, Roland Van Den Tillaar

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to compare sprint running and various horizontal jumps in terms of speed and step kinematics, focusing on speed versus distance and their relationship with maximal running speed. Twelve female sprinters performed sprints, single-leg jumps for distance and speed, and bounding for distance and speed. The findings showed significant differences in kinematics between sprinting and jumping. Positive correlations were found between sprint speed and single-leg jump speed and distance, step length in all jumps, and contact and flight time in some. No significant correlation was found between sprint speed and step frequency in the jumps. Bounding for speed …


The Impact Of Ground Reaction Force Variables On Bend Sprint Running Performance, Jonathan White, Joseph Moore, Hans Von Lieres Und Wilkau, Gareth Irwin, Cassie Wilson, Timothy Exell Jul 2024

The Impact Of Ground Reaction Force Variables On Bend Sprint Running Performance, Jonathan White, Joseph Moore, Hans Von Lieres Und Wilkau, Gareth Irwin, Cassie Wilson, Timothy Exell

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate force production and highlight kinetic variables that relate to bend sprinting performance. Eight competitive sprinters undertook three 60 m sprints around a 36.5 m bend radius. Paired t-tests were run using statistical parametric mapping to compare the left and right stance phases. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationships between step velocity (SV) and kinetic variables. Significantly greater vertical and inward force was produced during early right stance compared to left. Left inward force was significantly greater than left during mid and late stance. Only braking durations were significantly negatively correlated to SV. …


Associations Between Strength And Power With Throwing Performance In High Level Male And Female Javelin Throwers, Miika Köykkä, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Anssi Saari, Benjamin Waller, Neil J. Cronin Jul 2024

Associations Between Strength And Power With Throwing Performance In High Level Male And Female Javelin Throwers, Miika Köykkä, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Anssi Saari, Benjamin Waller, Neil J. Cronin

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated the associations between strength and power measures and estimated javelin throwing performance. Thirteen male (personal best: 77.0 ± 5.7 m) and thirteen female (55.8 ± 5.8 m) javelin throwers underwent various lower and upper body power and strength tests, along with a javelin throwing test. Associations with throwing performance were observed for lower body power measures in males and upper and lower body maximal strength in females, suggesting sex-specific differences in important physical characteristics for throwing.


Gait And Foul Risk Differences Between Treadmill And Overground Racewalking, Qipeng Song, Xiaoxue Zhu, Peixin Shen Jul 2024

Gait And Foul Risk Differences Between Treadmill And Overground Racewalking, Qipeng Song, Xiaoxue Zhu, Peixin Shen

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study compared treadmill and overground racewalking kinematics among 22 elite athletes at their personal best (PB) and 85% PB speeds, revealing significant differences. Ankle dorsiflexion angle decreased at heel strike, while hip flexion angle increased, alongside greater hip angle at toe-off. Comparing PB to 85% PB, contact time and hip flexion angle at heel strike decreased, along with decreased ankle plantarflexion at toe-off, but flight time and step length at heel strike increased. This suggests treadmill racewalking, particularly at PB speeds, exhibits unique gait features, yet without significant differences in flight time and knee angle between conditions, implying no …


Measuring Pole Forces In Seated Shot Put, Connor J.M. Holdback, Richard M. Kelso, David S. Haydon, Paul N. Grimshaw, Ross A. Pinder, Rony Ibrahim Jul 2024

Measuring Pole Forces In Seated Shot Put, Connor J.M. Holdback, Richard M. Kelso, David S. Haydon, Paul N. Grimshaw, Ross A. Pinder, Rony Ibrahim

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The measurement of throwing pole forces in seated shot put has not been reported previously in the research literature, forming a considerable gap in the understanding of seated throwing. In this research, two methods for pole force measurement are presented: a deflection-based and a direct load-sensing method. From the comparison of each method, the measurement of pole forces without an instrumented pole is found to be feasible (RMSE


Hip Moment Increases While Knee And Ankle Moments Remain Constant During Squats With Increasing Loads In Elite Powerlifters, Alexander Pürzel, Paul Kaufmann, Willi Koller, David Deimel, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz Jul 2024

Hip Moment Increases While Knee And Ankle Moments Remain Constant During Squats With Increasing Loads In Elite Powerlifters, Alexander Pürzel, Paul Kaufmann, Willi Koller, David Deimel, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate compensation strategies among elite powerlifters under high-load conditions. 31 top-ranked powerlifters from the Austrian team executed competition-style squats at 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, and 90% of their estimated 1-repetition-maximum (Fmax). Employing musculoskeletal modelling, we conducted a biomechanical analysis (i.e. joints moments calculated via inverse dynamics) to understand the alterations in squatting mechanics across various loads. Our findings revealed a consistent relative load shift from the knee to the hip joint with increasing intensity. The knee and ankle joint moments remained constant from 70% to 90% Fmax, underscoring the dominant role of …


Comparing Postural Control In Adolescents (11-14 Years) Involved/Not Involved In Afterschool Sports Activities: A Pilot Study, Ken Pitetti, Edwin M. Loovis, Ruth A. Miller Jul 2024

Comparing Postural Control In Adolescents (11-14 Years) Involved/Not Involved In Afterschool Sports Activities: A Pilot Study, Ken Pitetti, Edwin M. Loovis, Ruth A. Miller

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study characterized postural control (PC) of adolescents who were involved (A=athletes) or not involved (NA=non-athletes) in after-school sport activities. PC was determined by the median velocity (MVelocity, mm/sec) of the center-of-pressure (COP) on a force plate when removing vision (eyes closed) and manipulating somatosensation (standing on firm or foam surface) while in two-foot, tandem, and one-foot stances (12 stances). Fifty-one youth, 22 A (age 12.1±0.9 yrs, 10 females) and 29 NA (age 12.3±0.7 yrs, 10 females) performed two, 30-sec trials in all 12 stances, with the best trial used for data analysis. The Mann-Whitney test revealed lower MVelocity (i.e., …


Knee And Trunk Coordination Patterns In The Snatch: A Pilot Study On The Influence Of Load And Phase, Nayun Ahn, Kristof Kipp Jul 2024

Knee And Trunk Coordination Patterns In The Snatch: A Pilot Study On The Influence Of Load And Phase, Nayun Ahn, Kristof Kipp

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of load on trunk and knee coordination during different phases of the snatch. Four elite weightlifters performed the snatch from submaximal to maximal loads (~85-100%), while video data were collected with eight cameras. The video data were processed with markerless motion capture software, and trunk and knee joint angles were calculated. Trunk-knee coupling angles were calculated via vector coding analysis. During the pull phase, an increase in the frequency count of trunk-knee coordination patterns in response to an increase in load, indicated that the pull phase lengthened as the loads …


Johnson City, Tenn., Selected As Host Site Of 2025 And 2026 Big South Basketball Championships, Office Of University Communications Jul 2024

Johnson City, Tenn., Selected As Host Site Of 2025 And 2026 Big South Basketball Championships, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

The Big South Conference Council of Chief Executive O!icers has awarded the 2025 and 2026 Hercules Tires Big South Men’s and Women’s Basketball Championships to Johnson City, Tenn., bringing the tournaments to the “Mountain South” and Freedom Hall Civic Center. The facility marks the league’s sixth overall neutral site for its marquee basketball events in the conference’s 40-year history. The agreement includes a mutual option for 2027.


Gardner-Webb Swimmer Justin Bender Competes In 2024 U.S. Olympic Trials, Office Of University Communications Jul 2024

Gardner-Webb Swimmer Justin Bender Competes In 2024 U.S. Olympic Trials, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

While Gardner-Webb University swimmer Justin Bender waited to compete in the 2024 Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Ind., his focus was on the swim ahead. He tried not to think about the record-breaking 20,000-plus crowd in attendance or the transformation of a football stadium into a natatorium—or that he was one of nearly 70 swimmers competing in the 100-meter breaststroke event.


2024 Gardner-Webb Football Kickoff Dinner Set For July 27, Office Of University Communications Jul 2024

2024 Gardner-Webb Football Kickoff Dinner Set For July 27, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

Gardner-Webb University Football is preparing to launch its 2024 season with a celebration linking the past, present and future. Along with the Bulldog Club, the football program will host the Second Annual Football Kicko! Dinner at 6 p.m. on Saturday, July 27.


Runnin’ Bulldogs Finish In The Ita Top 10 For First Time In Program History, Office Of University Communications Jun 2024

Runnin’ Bulldogs Finish In The Ita Top 10 For First Time In Program History, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

After posting a program-best 20 victories during the 2024 spring season, the Gardner-Webb Men’s Tennis team earned the program’s first regional ranking from the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA), which was recently announced by the organization.


Nearly 83% Of Gardner-Webb Student-Athletes Achieve Big South Presidential Honor Roll, Office Of University Communications Jun 2024

Nearly 83% Of Gardner-Webb Student-Athletes Achieve Big South Presidential Honor Roll, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

The Big South Conference has announced that a league-record 73.98 percent of eligible student-athletes earned Presidential Honor Roll status for their work in the classroom in 2023-24. Gardner-Webb placed 82.75% (307) of its 371 eligible student-athletes on the list. The University was one of three member institutions to have at least 80 percent of 3.0 students.


Big South-Ovc Football Association Presidents And Chancellors Sign New Enhanced Agreement, Office Of University Communications Jun 2024

Big South-Ovc Football Association Presidents And Chancellors Sign New Enhanced Agreement, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

A!er a successful first season of competition for the Big South Conference (BSC)-Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) Football Association, the presidents and chancellors of the nine regionally-aligned member institutions have strengthened their commitment to each other by approving a new agreement that could extend to 2030 and beyond.


Sexual Violence In Intercollegiate Athletics: A Historical Perspective Of Male Athletic Entitlement, Lorin Mordecai Jun 2024

Sexual Violence In Intercollegiate Athletics: A Historical Perspective Of Male Athletic Entitlement, Lorin Mordecai

Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics

Sexual violence within intercollegiate athletics is an understudied area of research in social work. Feminist theorists suggest that sexual violence reinforces male dominance as a result of living in a patriarchal society. Male college athletes participating in commercialized sports develop a sense of entitlement due to public admiration for their heroic athleticism. The college sports culture at large Division I universities sets the stage for sexual aggression and exploitation of women. This article seeks to identify themes of male athletic entitlement that perpetuates violence against women through a feminist perspective. Using a historical qualitative analysis, articles from major newspapers were …


Gardner-Webb Women’S Swimmer Alexandra Haasser Receives Big South Conference’S Prestigious George A. Christenberry Award, Office Of University Communications Jun 2024

Gardner-Webb Women’S Swimmer Alexandra Haasser Receives Big South Conference’S Prestigious George A. Christenberry Award, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

The Big South recognized Alexandra “Alex” Haasser as one of six studentathletes to receive the Conference’s prestigious Christenberry Award for Academic Excellence. The award is given to male and female student-athletes who attain the highest GPA during their undergraduate collegiate careers. It is the 12th consecutive year at least six student-athletes have been honored.


Gardner-Webb Alumnus Mason Miller Records 10 Saves For Oakland A’S This Season, Office Of University Communications May 2024

Gardner-Webb Alumnus Mason Miller Records 10 Saves For Oakland A’S This Season, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

Dominant, flamethrower, electric — all adjectives describing Oakland A’s rookie closer and former Gardner-Webb baseball pitcher Mason Miller. Since the start of the 2024 MLB season, Miller has continued to wow spectators and commentators with his fastballs and strikeouts.


Gardner-Webb Signs Bailey Wigness To Contract Extension, Office Of University Communications May 2024

Gardner-Webb Signs Bailey Wigness To Contract Extension, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

Gardner-Webb Head So!ball Coach Bailey Wigness has signed a contract extension, the Department of Athletics announced on Tuesday, May 28. This past season, Wigness led the Runnin’ Bulldogs to their highest finish in the Big South since the 2012 season.


Gardner-Webb Hires Jeffrey Merrill As Assistant Athletic Director For Compliance, Office Of University Communication May 2024

Gardner-Webb Hires Jeffrey Merrill As Assistant Athletic Director For Compliance, Office Of University Communication

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

Gardner-Webb University has hired Je!rey Merrill as its new assistant athletic director for compliance, announced Vice President & Director of Athletics Dr. Andrew T. Goodrich this week. Merrill joins Gardner-Webb a"er 10 years at Lees-McRae College in Banner Elk, N.C., where he most recently served as deputy director of Athletics and chief compliance o!icer.