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Remains From The Chalcolithic To The Ottoman Periods On The Western Fringes Of Tel Yehud (With Contributions By Jacob Vardi; Vered Eshed) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, Pp. 179–180), Eriola Jakoel Jan 2025

Remains From The Chalcolithic To The Ottoman Periods On The Western Fringes Of Tel Yehud (With Contributions By Jacob Vardi; Vered Eshed) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, Pp. 179–180), Eriola Jakoel

'Atiqot

Seventeen squares were opened on the western fringes of Tel Yehud, revealing finds from six periods. From the Chalcolithic period, three refuse pits were exposed, containing typical household waste: pottery vessels, flint items and animal bones. Two tombs dating from the Intermediate Bronze Age were discovered; they were probably part of a nearby, contemporary cemetery, whose boundaries are yet unknown. Also discovered were seven tombs dating from the Persian period--these are the only Persian-period remains unearthed in the city to date. During the Late Roman period, a unique tomb (mausoleum?) was unearthed, comprising three troughs with primary burials, and an …


A Burial Cave From The Byzantine–Early Islamic Periods At ‘En Lavan, Naḥal Refa’Im (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Gideon Solimany Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Byzantine–Early Islamic Periods At ‘En Lavan, Naḥal Refa’Im (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–8*; English Summary, Pp. 171–172), Gideon Solimany

'Atiqot

A rock-hewn burial cave was exposed below ‘En Lavan in Naḥal Refa’im. It comprised a burial chamber with three arcosolia, in which burial troughs were carved; some of them had raised rock-hewn headrests. The cave was found sealed. In situ finds included pottery, glassware, metal artifacts and beads. The bone remains represent at least ten individuals—probably local residents. The cave was in use from the Byzantine period to the beginning of the Early Islamic period.


Anthropological Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 97–99), Yossi Nagar, Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 97–99), Yossi Nagar, Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

The anthropological finds retrieved from the burial pits exposed at Ashqelon were poorly preserved, mainly due to the brittle kurkar sandstone and the high salt content in the area. The human remains included bones of adult individuals, men and women, as well as children. Distribution of individuals varied: some pits contained a single individual and some, multiple interments. Human skulls were generally associated with platter or carinated bowls.


Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 1–83), Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Middle Bronze Age Burial Pits In Ashqelon (Pp. 1–83), Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

The excavations at Ashqelon unearthed 76 Middle Bronze Age burial pits, cut in the kurkar sandstone ridge. The burial pits are irregular in shape and vary in size. They contained skeletal remains of one individual or more, and a burial kit comprising pottery vessels: a store jar, a dipper juglet and a platter or carinated bowl. Additions to the burial kit included other pottery vessels and various artifacts such as a scarab, toggle pins, daggers, an alabaster pommel, a bone comb and beads. This cemetery is an important addition to the study of Middle Bronze Age burial customs and sites.


Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre Jan 2025

Burial Caves From The Intermediate Bronze, Middle Bronze And Iron Ages At Nazareth (Pp. 1–44), Yardenna Alexandre

'Atiqot

Four partially preserved burial caves (A–D) were excavated near the Church of the Annunciation in the center of Nazareth. All the caves comprised a vertical shaft and a central burial chamber, hewn in the Intermediate Bronze Age and reused in the transitional Middle Bronze Age I–II. Cave D was reused in the Iron Age after a long chronological gap. The burial caves contained large quantities of pottery, some metal artifacts and a few other small finds.


A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker Jan 2025

A Roman-Period Mausoleum In ‘Akko (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Pp. 43–52), Joppe Gosker

'Atiqot

Remains of a Roman-period mausoleum were exposed, comprising a central room flanked by three loculi on each side. A clay coffin was found in oneloculus, containing a single burial of a 15–25-year-old individual accompanied by an unusual combination of burial goods—oil lamps and glass vessels—that do not align clearly with either Jewish or pagan burial practices.


The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains Of A Byzantine-Period Monk From Har Ḥoma (P. 301), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in a grave underneath the floor of a central room in the Byzantine monastery at Har Ḥoma, indicating the primary burial of an adult male. Burials beneath the floors of Byzantine-period monasteries are common in the Jerusalem region.


Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From The Middle Bronze Age Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (Pp. 47–48), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Poorly preserved human skeletal remains were found in the Middle Bronze Age II burial cave at Beit Ṣafafa. The bones were found scattered precluding a reconstruction of the original posture of the interred. Basic anthropological parameters, such as the minimum number of individuals (MNI) and age at death, were estimated.


A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Beit Ṣafafa, Jerusalem (With Contributions By Daphna Ben-Tor, Laura A. Peri) (Pp. 1–31), Nathan Ben-Ari, Alexander Wiegmann

'Atiqot

The burial cave, that was part of a larger burial site along the Refa’im Valley, was hewn on the southern slope of a chalky hill above the northern bank of a small wadi. The finds in the cave were clustered in six distinct groups, comprising standardized burial kits of pottery and metal finds, showing close affinities with other central hill country burial sites. Some prestige items, such as a scarab, an amulet, a cylinder seal and a dagger, were recovered from the cave, suggesting that at least one high-ranking individual was interred.


A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski Jan 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Ii Burial Cave At Mazor (West) (With Contributions By Yossi Nagar, Liora K. Horwitz) (Pp. 37–73), Lilly Gershuny, Ianir Milevski

'Atiqot

A Middle Bronze Age II burial cave, reusing a Chalcolithic burial cave, was discovered during excavations carried out at Mazor (West). The Middle Bronze Age remains accumulated above the cave’s bedrock floor, utilizing the entire space. Seven individuals were discovered and about 50 intact or restorable MB II pottery vessels were retrieved, as well as three metal pins, three flint items and animal bones. It is probable that the cave, and other MB II sites in its vicinity, belonged to a system of villages and associated mortuary grounds, which were related to the main urban center at Tel Afeq.


The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Human Skeletal Remains From Cave 2 At ‘En Ḥakhlil, Migdal Ha-‘Emeq (Pp. 117–119), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were uncovered in EB I–II Cave 2 at ‘En Ḥakhlil, representing at least 19 individuals—4 infants, 7 children and 8 adults—that may have been interred at the site over a relatively short period. The burials possibly originated in the nearby Early Bronze Age settlement of Tel Shadud.


Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From Ashqelon, Afridar (Area E-2) (Pp. 111–112), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in the excavations at Ashqelon, Afridar: an infant buried in a holemouth jar within the settlement, and a single adult in secondary burial outside the dwelling area. These burial practices are associated with the early phase of EB I (EB IA) and as such, they attest to a cultural continuity between the Chalcolithic period and mid-EB I.


The Skeletal Remains From El-Munṭar El-Abyad (Pp. 139–142), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains From El-Munṭar El-Abyad (Pp. 139–142), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The human skeletal remains from el-Munṭar el-Abyad were found within jars, cist tombs and sarcophagi, representing burials from Middle Bronze Age II, and the Persian and Roman periods. The Middle Bronze Age burials included two jar burials of infants and the burials of three adults in pits, all within the dwelling area. The burials from the Persian period included a child, eight adults and three individuals, and the burials from the Roman period included two adults and six individuals of unknown age.


A Mamluk-Period Settlement And Cemetery At Ge’Alya, Near Yavne (Pp. 69–110), Amir Gorzalczany Jan 2025

A Mamluk-Period Settlement And Cemetery At Ge’Alya, Near Yavne (Pp. 69–110), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Excavations east of Moshav Ge’alya uncovered a cemetery and a habitation site dating to the Mamluk period. Within the cemetery, four types of burial tombs, oriented in a general west–east axis with the deceased facing Mecca, were found. These were individual cist burials, which were covered with ceramic vessels that were used in place of covering slabs. The covering vessels belong to three well-known, Mamluk-period ceramic types (mid-thirteenth–early sixteenth centuries CE): bag-shaped jars, water lifting devices (antiliya) and beehive containers. Other finds include meager glass finds, coins, iron horseshoes, square-sectioned iron nails, a bronze arrowhead, jewelry, spatulas, a buckle and …


An Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Qanat El-Ja‘’Ar, Near ‘En Ha-Naziv (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–86*; English Summary, P. 108), Zach Horowitz Jan 2025

An Intermediate Bronze Age Cemetery At Qanat El-Ja‘’Ar, Near ‘En Ha-Naziv (Hebrew, Pp. 57*–86*; English Summary, P. 108), Zach Horowitz

'Atiqot

Excavations at Qanat el-Ja‘’ar revealed four rock-hewn caves dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age. The tombs had a vertical shaft, circular or square, at the bottom of which was a rectangular or trapezoidal passage that led to a burial chamber. A stone blocked the opening between the passage and the tomb chamber. The accompanying burial goods included large quantities of pottery vessels, including unique forms, such as three-nozzled lamps. Most of the pottery vessels were decorated with red paint and applied plastic decoration. Burial goods also included a stone pebble anthropomorphic figurine of a woman, a stone bead and metal …


Anthropological Remains From The Cemetery At Qanat El-Ja‘’Ar (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–89*; English Summary, P. 109), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Anthropological Remains From The Cemetery At Qanat El-Ja‘’Ar (Hebrew, Pp. 87*–89*; English Summary, P. 109), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in three burial caves dated to the Intermediate Bronze Age. It was possible to determine the practice of primary burial in a flexed posture and diverse orientation. The skeletal remains represent at least 14 individuals, one of them an infant. It is noteworthy that the burial of several individuals is uncommon during the Intermediate Bronze Age, during which singular burials were the norm.


Remains Of The Wadi Rabah Culture And The Early Bronze Age Ia–B At ‘En Esur (‘Ein Assawir), Area I (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, P. 103), Eli Yannai Jan 2025

Remains Of The Wadi Rabah Culture And The Early Bronze Age Ia–B At ‘En Esur (‘Ein Assawir), Area I (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–21*; English Summary, P. 103), Eli Yannai

'Atiqot

Four squares (B–C/3–4) were opened in a salvage excavation at ‘En Esur Area I, exposing eight settlement strata. Stratum VIII, dating to the fifth millennium BCE (Wadi Rabah culture) yielded a few fragments of bow-rim jars, grooved potsherds, sherds with rope and painted decorations and a single fragment of a DFBW vessel. Two strata (VII–VI) date from Early Bronze Age IA; the finds include the stone foundation of a rounded building and an early type of gray bowl. Strata V–II, dating to Early Bronze Age IB, include stone foundations of round dwellings. A decorated jar containing an infant burial was …


A Burial Cave From The Second–First Centuries Bce Near ‘En Gedi (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar)(Hebrew, Pp. 65*–78*; English Summary, Pp. 126–127), Amir Ganor, Sa'ar Ganor Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Second–First Centuries Bce Near ‘En Gedi (With A Contribution By Yossi Nagar)(Hebrew, Pp. 65*–78*; English Summary, Pp. 126–127), Amir Ganor, Sa'ar Ganor

'Atiqot

The cave was hewn in a cliff; it has a roughly square plan. A corridor leads to three hewn steps with a standing pit at the bottom. Wide benches, on three sides of the standing pit, were used to place the deceased and their funerary offerings. An ossuary with a lid and four legs, was found, decorated with incised motifs. The cave yielded skeletal remains belonging to 13 individuals and pottery dated to the second–first centuries BCE. A few bronze artifacts were also recovered: a ladle, small bottles, kohl sticks and amulets. The cave appears to have been a family …


Human Skeletal Remains From A Cistern At Tel Hadid (El-Haditha) (Hebrew, P. 23*–24*; English Summary, P. 122), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From A Cistern At Tel Hadid (El-Haditha) (Hebrew, P. 23*–24*; English Summary, P. 122), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in a Byzantine water cistern at Tel Hadid. The scattered bones were mixed with grave goods dated to the Late Bronze Age, probably the result of the clearance of adjacent graves. The bones were in a very poor state of preservation, and included mostly teeth. The bones from Tel Hadid represent at least 20 individuals, including infants, children, sub-adults and adults, typical of a regular historic cemetery population.


A Late Bronze Age Pottery Assemblage From Tel Hadid (El-Haditha) (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–22*; English Summary, P. 121), Alla Nagorsky, Eli Yannai Israel Antiquities Authority Jan 2025

A Late Bronze Age Pottery Assemblage From Tel Hadid (El-Haditha) (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–22*; English Summary, P. 121), Alla Nagorsky, Eli Yannai Israel Antiquities Authority

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation on the southwestern face of Tel Hadid reached the bottom of a water cistern. The cistern’s ceiling probably collapsed in antiquity, sealing its contents. The fill contained a large quantity of human skeletal remains and pottery from the end of the Late Bronze Age (thirteenth–twelfth centuries BCE), suggesting that the assemblage originated in an adjacent cave.


A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Middle Bronze Age West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, Pp. 119–120), Nimrod Getzov Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And The Middle Bronze Age West Of Tel Hazor (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, Pp. 119–120), Nimrod Getzov

'Atiqot

The burial cave was hewn into the side of a chalk spur southwest of the large rampart in the Lower City of Hazor. The entry to the cave was via a square shaft, at the bottom of which was an opening that led into a rectangular chamber, followed by another, elliptically-shaped chamber with a central stone platform. The two chambers yielded skeletal remains of at least seven children and adults, as well as potsherds and limestone beads from the Intermediate Bronze Age, and an intact jar and a jug from early in the Middle Bronze Age. It seems that the …


The Skeletal Remains From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 205–208), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 205–208), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman Jan 2025

A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Burial Cave Of The Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I At Midrakh ‘Oz, Western Jezreel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–46*, English Summary, Pp. 224–225), Nimrod Getzov, Yossi Nagar Israel Antiquities Authority, Anat Cohen-Weinberger Jan 2025

A Burial Cave Of The Late Chalcolithic And Early Bronze Age I At Midrakh ‘Oz, Western Jezreel Valley (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–46*, English Summary, Pp. 224–225), Nimrod Getzov, Yossi Nagar Israel Antiquities Authority, Anat Cohen-Weinberger

'Atiqot

Remains of a natural cave that was used for burial were exposed north of Moshav Midrakh ‘Oz. Four strata were identified: Strata IV and II contained finds from the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I periods respectively; Strata I and III were sterile. The majority of the finds comprise pottery vessels from both occupation periods, as well as skeletal remains of approximately 50 individuals. Stratum IV contained ossuary fragments, V-shaped bowls, a flint blade and beads. The finds in Stratum II included pottery vessels, a clay disk, beads, sickle blades, a dagger and human bones. This is the first Chalcolithic …


Skeletal Remains From The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) (Pp. 231–232), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Skeletal Remains From The Gezer–Ramla Aqueduct (Qanat Bint Al-Kafir) (Pp. 231–232), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

During the excavation of the Gezer–Ramla aqueduct, human skeletal remains were found in simple pit graves, dated to the Late Islamic or Mamluk period. Each grave contained a single individual in primary burial, on their right side, in an east–west direction, with the head in the west facing south. This burial custom is typical of a Muslim population.


Human Skeletal Remains From Tombs At Kursi-Gergesa (Pp. 209–212), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From Tombs At Kursi-Gergesa (Pp. 209–212), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human remains were found in three burial chambers and one cist tomb at Kursi, dated to the Byzantine period. Based on anthropological analysis, at least 69 individuals, including infants, children and adults of both sexes, were identified. The finds at Kursi might suggest that the people buried at the site were of foreign origin (pilgrims?).


New Archaeological Finds From Kursi-Gergesa (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 175–197), Vassilios Tzaferis Jan 2025

New Archaeological Finds From Kursi-Gergesa (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 175–197), Vassilios Tzaferis

'Atiqot

Two areas were opened (Areas C, D), exposing a stepped tunnel, a bathhouse and a cemetery. The stepped tunnel, which was unearthed in the 1970–1971 season of excavations, was found to end in a narrow leveled space, above which was a vaulted entrance leading to a spacious underground room. A compact Roman–Byzantine bathhouse was exposed, comprising five distinct units: a water-supply unit, a heating installation (praefurnium), heated-water pools, a hot room (caldarium) and a cool room (frigidarium). It is evident that the bathhouse was connected to the hostel building excavated in 1970–1971. The pottery from the bathhouse was similar to …


Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave In The Qidron Valley (Pp. 29–30), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

Human Skeletal Remains From A Burial Cave In The Qidron Valley (Pp. 29–30), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

Human skeletal remains were found in five burial troughs and one burial niche in Cave II in the Qidron Valley. They represent the primary burial of at least 27 individuals, including infants, children and adults of both sexes. It seems that the interred were part of the non-Jewish population that resided in Jerusalem during the Byzantine period.


A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski Jan 2025

A Burial Cave From The Intermediate Bronze Age And Middle Bronze Age Iic Near The Village Of Ras ‘Ali, In Naḥal Zippori (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–11*; English Summary, P. 161), Zach Horowitz, Doron Lipkunski

'Atiqot

The burial cave was used during two different periods: the Intermediate Bronze Age (Phase 1) and MB IIC (Phase 2). During Phase 1, the cave served for the burial of one individual, whereas in Phase 2, it served for the burial of approximately 25 individuals. The finds from the Phase 2 burial included prolific local and imported ceramic finds, an alabaster vessel, bone-inlay plates, faience beads, metal objects, and four scarabs and a cylinder seal. Following its use during MB IIC, the cave was abandoned.


The Skeletal Remains From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (P. 115*), Yossi Nagar Jan 2025

The Skeletal Remains From Bet She’An (Youth Hostel) (P. 115*), Yossi Nagar

'Atiqot

The skeletal remains from the excavation at the site of the Bet She’an Youth Hostel were in a very poor state of preservation. They were retrieved from contexts dated to the Byzantine, Early Islamic and Mamluk periods and include at least six adults, one subadult and one child.