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Paraventricular Vitamin D Receptors Are Required For Glucose Tolerance In Males But Not Females, Jessie Beck, Silvania Da Silva Teixeira, Keisha Harrison, Gabrielle Phillips, Yanlin He, Stephanie Sisley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

When delivered directly into the brain, vitamin D, can improve glucose levels in male mice. Additionally, the loss of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in male mice's paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) results in impaired glucose tolerance. Data in humans shows that low vitamin D levels are detrimental to glucose homeostasis, an effect that may be more prominent in men. However, it is unknown if vitamin D action in the brain is required for normal glucose regulation in female mice. This study shows that in both viral and genetic models, male mice with obesity and PVH VDR loss have impaired glucose tolerance …

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition Is Protective In Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury., Zachary M Harris, Ying Sun, John Joerns, Brian Clark, Buqu Hu, Asawari Korde, Lokesh Sharma, Hyeon Jun Shin, Edward P Manning, Lindsey Placek, Derya Unutmaz, Gail Stanley, Hyung Chun, Maor Sauler, Govindarajan Rajagopalan, Xuchen Zhang, Min-Jong Kang, Jonathan L Koff

Faculty Research 2022

AIMS: Studies have linked severe hyperoxia, or prolonged exposure to very high oxygen levels, with worse clinical outcomes. This study investigated the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in hyperoxia-induced lung injury at very high oxygen levels (>95%).

RESULTS: Effects of severe hyperoxia (100% oxygen) were studied in mice with genetically inhibited EGFR and wild-type littermates. Despite the established role of EGFR in lung repair, EGFR inhibition led to improved survival and reduced acute lung injury, which prompted an investigation into this protective mechanism. Endothelial EGFR genetic knockout did not confer protection. EGFR inhibition led to decreased levels …

Giardial Lipid Rafts Share Virulence Factors With Secreted Vesicles And Participate In Parasitic Infection In Mice, Brian I. Grajeda, Atasi De Chatterjee, Carmen M. Villalobos, Breanna C. Pence, Cameron C. Ellis, Vanessa Enriquez, Sourav Roy, Sukla Roychowdhury, Aaron K. Neumann, Igor C. Almeida, Steven E. Patterson, Siddhartha Das

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite, is a major cause of waterborne infection, worldwide. While the trophozoite form of this parasite induces pathological symptoms in the gut, the cyst form transmits the infection. Since Giardia is a noninvasive parasite, the actual mechanism by which it causes disease remains elusive. We have previously reported that Giardia assembles cholesterol and GM1 glycosphingolipid-enriched lipid rafts (LRs) that participate in encystation and cyst production. To further delineate the role of LRs in pathogenesis, we isolated LRs from Giardia and subjected them to proteomic analysis. Various cellular proteins including potential virulence factors-e.g., giardins, variant surface …

The Giant Axon Of The Squid: A Simple System For Axonal Transport Studies, Joseph A. Degiorgis, Marcus Jang, Elaine L. Bearer

Pathology Research and Scholarship

The squid giant axon has a long history of being a superb experimental system in which to investigate a wide range of questions concerning intracellular transport. In this protocol we describe the method used for dissecting the axon to preserve its viability in vitro, and the technique for injecting exogenous materials into the living axon. Now that the squid genome is emerging, and the CRISPR/cas9 system has been successfully applied to knock-out squid genes, the giant axon will resume its place in the scientific pantheon of powerful experimental systems in which to address biological questions pertaining to all eukaryotes.

Reduced Cleavage Of Von Willebrand Factor By Adamts13 Is Associated With Microangiopathic Acute Kidney Injury Following Trauma, William E. Plautz, Shannon H. Haldeman, Mitchell R. Dyer, Jason L. Sperry, Francis X. Guyette, Patricia A. Loughran, Jurgis Alvikas, Adnan Hassoune, Lara Hoteit, Nijmeh Alsaadi, Brian S. Zuckerbraun, Marian A. Rollins-Raval, Jay S. Raval, Roberto I. Mota, Matthew D. Neal

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after trauma, but contributory factors are incompletely understood. Increases in plasma von Willebrand Factor (vWF) with concurrent decreases in ADAMTS13 are associated with renal microvascular thrombosis in other disease states, but similar findings have not been shown in trauma. We hypothesized that molecular changes in circulating vWF and ADAMTS13 promote AKI following traumatic injury. VWF antigen, vWF multimer composition and ADAMTS13 levels were compared in plasma samples from 16 trauma patients with and without trauma-induced AKI, obtained from the Prehospital Air Medical Plasma (PAMPer) biorepository. Renal histopathology and function, vWF and ADAMTS13 levels were …

Dietary Isoflavones Alter Gut Microbiota And Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis To Reduce Inflammation, Sudeep Ghimire, Nicole M. Cady, Peter Lehman, Stephanie R. Peterson, Shailesh K. Shahi, Faraz Rashid, Shailendra Giri, Ashutosh K. Mangalam

Neurology Articles

The etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is strongly affected by environmental factors such as diet and the gut microbiota. An isoflavone-rich (ISO) diet was previously shown to reduce the severity of MS in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Translation of this concept to clinical trial where dietary isoflavones may be recommended for MS patients will require preliminary evidence that providing the isoflavone-rich diet to people with MS (PwMS) who lack phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria has beneficial effects. We have previously shown that the gut microbiota of PwMS resembles the gut microbiota of mice raised under a phytoestrogen-free (phyto-free) diet in …

The Role Of Action Potential Changes In Depolarization-Induced Failure Of Excitation Contraction Coupling In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Xueyong Wang, Murad Nawaz, Chris Dupont, Jessica H. Myers, Steve R.A. Burke, Roger A. Bannister, Brent D. Foy, Andrew A. Voss, Mark M. Rich

Physics Faculty Publications

Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process by which electrical excitation of muscle is converted into force generation. Depolarization of skeletal muscle resting potential contributes to failure of ECC in diseases such as periodic paralysis, intensive care unit acquired weakness and possibly fatigue of muscle during vigorous exercise. When extracellular K+ is raised to depolarize the resting potential, failure of ECC occurs suddenly, over a narrow range of resting potentials. Simultaneous imaging of Ca2+ transients and recording of action potentials (APs) demonstrated failure to generate Ca2+ transients when APs peaked at potentials more negative than –30mV. An AP property that closely …

Advances And Gaps In Sars-Cov-2 Infection Models, César Muñoz-Fontela, Michael S. Diamond, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The global response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now facing new challenges such as vaccine inequity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Preclinical models of disease, in particular animal models, are essential to investigate VOC pathogenesis, vaccine correlates of protection and postexposure therapies. Here, we provide an update from the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 modeling expert group (WHO-COM) assembled by WHO, regarding advances in preclinical models. In particular, we discuss how animal model research is playing a key role to evaluate VOC virulence, transmission and immune escape, and how animal models are being refined to …

The Mutationathon Highlights The Importance Of Reaching Standardization In Estimates Of Pedigree-Based Germline Mutation Rates, Lucie A. Bergeron, Tychele Turner, Et Al

Open Access Publications

In the past decade, several studies have estimated the human per-generation germline mutation rate using large pedigrees. More recently, estimates for various nonhuman species have been published. However, methodological differences among studies in detecting germline mutations and estimating mutation rates make direct comparisons difficult. Here, we describe the many different steps involved in estimating pedigree-based mutation rates, including sampling, sequencing, mapping, variant calling, filtering, and appropriately accounting for false-positive and false-negative rates. For each step, we review the different methods and parameter choices that have been used in the recent literature. Additionally, we present the results from a 'Mutationathon,' a …

Fracture Healing Is Delayed In The Absence Of Gasdermin-Interleukin-1 Signaling, Kai Sun, Chun Wang, Jianqiu Xiao, Michael D. Brodt, Luorongxin Yuan, Tong Yang, Yael Alippe, Huimin Hu, Dingjun Hao, Yousef Abu-Amer, Matthew J. Silva, Jie Shen, Gabriel Mbalaviele

Open Access Publications

Amino-terminal fragments from proteolytically cleaved gasdermins (GSDMs) form plasma membrane pores that enable the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Excessive GSDM-mediated pore formation can compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane thereby causing the lytic inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis. We found that GSDMD and GSDME were the only GSDMs that were readily expressed in bone microenvironment. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that GSDMD and GSDME are implicated in fracture healing owing to their role in the obligatory inflammatory response following injury. We found that bone callus volume and biomechanical properties of injured bones were significantly reduced in mice lacking …

Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment And Distention In Mammalian Lungs: Species Similarities, David Langleben, Benjamin D. Fox, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Pulmonary arterial pressure rises minimally during exercise. The pulmonary microcirculation accommodates increasing blood flow via recruitment of pulmonary capillaries and, at higher flows, by distention of already perfused capillaries. The flow transition range between recruitment and distention has not been studied or compared across mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesised that the range would be similar. Functional pulmonary capillary surface area (FCSA) can be estimated using validated metabolic techniques. We reviewed data from previous studies in three mammalian species (perfused rabbit lungs and dog lung lobes, and exercising humans) and generated blood flow-FCSA curves over a range of flows. We …

Activation Of Cannabinoid-2 Receptor Protects Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Induced Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation, Nagaraja Nagre, Gregory Nicholson, Xiaofei Cong, Janette Lockett, Andrew C. Pearson, Vincent Chan, Woong-Ki Kim, K. Yaragudri Vinod, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Background

Bacterial pneumonia is a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen with an increasing resistance acquired against multiple drugs, is one of the main causative agents of ALI and ARDS in diverse clinical settings. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R), the effect of CB2R activation in the regulation of PA-induced ALI and inflammation was tested in a mouse model as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy.

Methods

In order to activate CB2R, a selective synthetic agonist, JWH133, was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL/6J …

Differential Progression Of Unhealthy Diet-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Obese And Non-Obese Mice, Emma Hymel, Elizabeth M. Vlock, Kurt W. Fisher, Paraskevi A. Farazi

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranks first among liver diseases in Western countries. NAFLD is typically associated with obesity and diabetes, however it also develops in lean individuals without metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of lean NAFLD is 7 percent in the U.S. and 25-30 percent in some Asian countries. NAFLD starts with excess liver fat accumulation (NAFL), progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of lean NASH-HCC and how it differs from obese NASH-HCC is not well understood.

METHODS: In this work, we generated a mouse model of lean and obese NASH-HCC using a …

Other Orchards, Sam B. Robison

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Other Orchards is comprised of poems each suspect in their own way of those boundaries that might separate humans from nature, rural from urban, worker from scholar, or human from beast. Using the figure of the orchard, a kind of “false forest,” this collection studies the ways we map ourselves onto our work and the way work might inform an understanding of the self. Ultimately, these are poems that emerge from the seams of things—the shoulder of highway strewn with dead antelope, the feral apple tree lost to the woods, the farmer lost in their work, slowing becoming less and …

Assessing Sex-Specific Circadian, Metabolic, And Cognitive Phenotypes In The Aβpp/Ps1 And Appnl-F/Nl-F Models Of Alzheimer's Disease., Jesse Britz, Emmanuel Ojo, Asmita Dhukhwa, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C Saido, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Shelley A Tischkau

Articles

BACKGROUND: Circadian disruption has long been recognized as a symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, emerging data suggests that circadian dysfunction occurs early on in disease development, potentially preceding any noticeable cognitive deficits.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the onset of AD in male and female wild type (C57BL6/J), transgenic (AβPP/PS1), and knock-in (APPNL-F/NL-F) AD mouse models from the period of plaque initiation (6 months) through 12 months.

METHODS: Rhythmic daily activity patterns, glucose sensitivity, cognitive function (Morris water maze, MWM), and AD pathology (plaques formation) were assessed. A comparison was made across sexes.

RESULTS: Sex-dependent hyperactivity in AβPP/PS1 mice was …

Assessing Sex-Specific Circadian, Metabolic, And Cognitive Phenotypes In The Aβpp/Ps1 And Appnl-F/Nl-F Models Of Alzheimer's Disease., Jesse Britz, Emmanuel Ojo, Asmita Dhukhwa, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C Saido, Erin R Hascup, Kevin N Hascup, Shelley A Tischkau

Articles

BACKGROUND: Circadian disruption has long been recognized as a symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, emerging data suggests that circadian dysfunction occurs early on in disease development, potentially preceding any noticeable cognitive deficits.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the onset of AD in male and female wild type (C57BL6/J), transgenic (AβPP/PS1), and knock-in (APPNL-F/NL-F) AD mouse models from the period of plaque initiation (6 months) through 12 months.

METHODS: Rhythmic daily activity patterns, glucose sensitivity, cognitive function (Morris water maze, MWM), and AD pathology (plaques formation) were assessed. A comparison was made across sexes.

RESULTS: Sex-dependent hyperactivity in AβPP/PS1 mice was …

Human Nature, Mary Robb

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Human Nature explores my personal observations and life experiences through the use of my narrative ceramic sculptures. Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics or behaviors to non-human entities, such as animals. Some animals are more desirable than others, but all have value and purpose. They exist for a reason. They all bleed. They just want to be. People are like that. I became untrusting of humans after a childhood trauma and began relating more to animals than humans. I observed many similarities in wild animals with my experience. They are continually on alert searching for food and watching for …

The Next Pandemic Might Be A Petdemic, Hillary Greene

Indiana Law Journal

A new scientific study shows that COVID-19 can be transmitted from cats to humans. Luckily, this channel of transmission seems extremely rare, at least thus far. But next time—and there will be a next time—we may not be so fortunate. This Article addresses this underappreciated risk of what I term a “petdemic”—a pandemic or epidemic that involves significant disease transmission between pets and humans. With nearly 70% of U.S. households owning pets, a petdemic could be catastrophic. One of our go-to responses for even perceived petdemics, honed over the last century, is to slaughter our pets. This pioneering Article proposes …

Genomic Degeneration And Reduction In The Fish Pathogen Mycobacterium Shottsi, David T. Gauthier, Janis H. Doss, M. Lagatta, T. Gupta, R.K. Karls, F. D. Quinn

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium shottsii is a dysgonic, nonpigmented mycobacterium originally isolated from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Genomic analysis reveals that M. shottsii is a Mycobacterium ulcerans/Mycobacterium marinum clade (MuMC) member, but unlike the superficially similar M. pseudoshottsii, also isolated from striped bass, it is not an M. ulcerans ecovar, instead belonging to a transitional group of strains basal to proposed “Aronson” and “M” lineages. Although phylogenetically distinct from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the M. shottsii genome shows parallel but nonhomologous genomic degeneration, including massive accumulation of pseudogenes accompanied by proliferation of …

Rickettsial Pathogen Perturbs Tick Circadian Gene To Infect The Vertebrate Host, Supreet Khanal, Vikas Taank, John F. Anderson, Hameeda Sultana, Girish Neelakanta

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Ixodes scapularis is a medically important tick that transmits several microbes to humans, including rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In nature, these ticks encounter several abiotic factors including changes in temperature, humidity, and light. Many organisms use endogenously generated circadian pathways to encounter abiotic factors. In this study, we provide evidence for the first time to show that A. phagocytophilum modulates the arthropod circadian gene for its transmission to the vertebrate host. We noted a circadian oscillation in the expression of arthropod clock, bmal1, period and timeless genes when ticks or tick cells were exposed to alternate 12 h …

Ret Signaling Pathway And Ret Inhibitors In Human Cancer, Angelina T Regua, Mariana Najjar, Hui-Wen Lo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase was first identified over thirty years ago as a novel transforming gene. Since its discovery and subsequent pathway characterization, RET alterations have been identified in numerous cancer types and are most prevalent in thyroid carcinomas and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In other tumor types such as breast cancer and salivary gland carcinomas, RET alterations can be found at lower frequencies. Aberrant RET activity is associated with poor prognosis of thyroid and lung carcinoma patients, and is strongly correlated with increased risk of distant metastases. RET aberrations encompass a variety of genomic or …

Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis In Antibiotic-Treated Covid-19 Patients Is Associated With Microbial Translocation And Bacteremia, Lucie Bernard-Raichon, Mericien Venzon, Jon Klein, Jordan E. Axelrad, Chenzhen Zhang, Alexis P. Sullivan, Grant A. Hussey, Arnau Casanovas-Massana, Maria G. Noval, Ana M. Valero-Jimenez, Juan Gago, Gregory Putzel, Alejandro Pironti, Evan Wilder, Yale Impact Research Team, Lorna E. Thorpe, Dan R. Littman, Meike Dittmann, Kenneth A. Stapleford, Bo Shopsin, Victor J. Torres, Albert I. Ko, Akiko Iwasaki, Ken Cadwell, Jonas Schluter, Abeer Obaid, Alice Lu-Culligan, Allison Nelson, Anderson Brito, Angela Nunez, Anjelica Martin, Annie Watkins, Bertie Geng, Chaney Kalinich, Christina Harden, Codruta Todeasa, Cole Jensen, Daniel Kim, David Mcdonald, Denise Shepard, Edward Courchaine, Elizabeth B. White, Eric Song, Erin Silva, Eriko Kudo, Giuseppe Deluliis, Harold Rahming, Hong-Jai Park, Irene Matos, Jessica Nouws, Jordan Valdez, Joseph R. Fauver, Joseph Lim, Kadi-Ann Rose, Kelly Anastasio, Kristina Brower, Laura Glick, Lokesh Sharma, Lorenzo Sewanan, Lynda Knaggs, Maksym Minasyan, Maria Batsu, Mary Petrone, Maxine Kuang, Maura Nakahata, Melissa Campbell, Melissa Linehan, Michael H. Askenase, Michael Simonov, Mikhail Smolgovsky, Nicole Sonnert, Nida Naushad

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Although microbial populations in the gut microbiome are associated with COVID-19 severity, a causal impact on patient health has not been established. Here we provide evidence that gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with translocation of bacteria into the blood during COVID-19, causing life-threatening secondary infections. We first demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infection induces gut microbiome dysbiosis in mice, which correlated with alterations to Paneth cells and goblet cells, and markers of barrier permeability. Samples collected from 96 COVID-19 patients at two different clinical sites also revealed substantial gut microbiome dysbiosis, including blooms of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera known to include antimicrobial-resistant species. …

Uveitis-Mediated Immune Cell Invasion Through The Extracellular Matrix Of The Lens Capsule, Jodirae Dedreu, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Mary J Mattapallil, Rachel R Caspi, Mary Ann Stepp, A Sue Menko

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

While the eye is considered an immune privileged site, its privilege is abrogated when immune cells are recruited from the surrounding vasculature in response to trauma, infection, aging, and autoimmune diseases like uveitis. Here, we investigate whether in uveitis immune cells become associated with the lens capsule and compromise its privilege in studies of C57BL/6J mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis. These studies show that at D14, the peak of uveitis in these mice, T cells, macrophages, and Ly6G/Ly6C+ immune cells associate with the lens basement membrane capsule, burrow into the capsule matrix, and remain integrated with the capsule as immune …

Cancer Vaccines From Cryogenically Silicified Tumour Cells Functionalized With Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns, Jimin Guo, Henning De May, Stefan Franco, Achraf Noureddine, Lien Tang, C J. Brinker, Donna F. Kusewitt, Sarah F. Adams, Rita E. Serda

Pathology Research and Scholarship

The production of personalized cancer vaccines made from autologous tumour cells could benefit from mechanisms that enhance immunogenicity. Here we show that cancer vaccines can be made via the cryogenic silicification of tumour cells, which preserves tumour antigens within nanoscopic layers of silica, followed by the decoration of the silicified surface with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. These pathogen-mimicking cells activate dendritic cells and enhance the internalization, processing and presentation of tumour antigens to T cells. In syngeneic mice with high-grade ovarian cancer, a cell-line-based silicified cancer vaccine supported the polarization of CD4⁺ T cells towards the T-helper-1 phenotype in the …

Loss Of Kmt2c Reprograms The Epigenomic Landscape In Hpscs Resulting In Nodal Overexpression And A Failure Of Hemogenic Endothelium Specification, Shailendra Maurya, Wei Yang, Minori Tamai, Qiang Zhang, Petra Erdmann-Gilmore, Amelia Bystry, Fernanda Martins Rodrigues, Mark C Valentine, Wing H Wong, Reid Townsend, Todd E Druley

Open Access Publications

Germline or somatic variation in the family of KMT2 lysine methyltransferases have been associated with a variety of congenital disorders and cancers. Notably,

Identification Of Gut Bacteria Such As Lactobacillus Johnsonii That Disseminate To Systemic Tissues Of Wild Type And Myd88-/- Mice, Sreeram Udayan, Panagiota Stamou, Fiona Crispie, Ana Hickey, Alexandria N Floyd, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Paul D Cotter, Orla O'Sullivan, Silvia Melgar, Paul W O'Toole, Rodney D Newberry, Valerio Rossini, Ken Nally

Open Access Publications

In healthy hosts the gut microbiota is restricted to gut tissues by several barriers some of which require MyD88-dependent innate immune sensor pathways. Nevertheless, some gut taxa have been reported to disseminate to systemic tissues. However, the extent to which this normally occurs during homeostasis in healthy organisms is still unknown. In this study, we recovered viable gut bacteria from systemic tissues of healthy wild type (WT) and MyD88

Wormbase In 2022-Data, Processes, And Tools For Analyzing Caenorhabditis Elegans, Paul Davis, Tim Schedl, Et Al

Open Access Publications

WormBase (www.wormbase.org) is the central repository for the genetics and genomics of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We provide the research community with data and tools to facilitate the use of C. elegans and related nematodes as model organisms for studying human health, development, and many aspects of fundamental biology. Throughout our 22-year history, we have continued to evolve to reflect progress and innovation in the science and technologies involved in the study of C. elegans. We strive to incorporate new data types and richer data sets, and to provide integrated displays and services that avail the knowledge generated by the …

Amigo1 Promotes Axon Growth And Territory Matching In The Retina, Florentina Soto, Ning Shen, Daniel Kerschensteiner

Open Access Publications

Dendrite and axon arbor sizes are critical to neuronal function and vary widely between different neuron types. The relative dendrite and axon sizes of synaptic partners control signal convergence and divergence in neural circuits. The developmental mechanisms that determine cell-type-specific dendrite and axon size and match synaptic partners' arbor territories remain obscure. Here, we discover that retinal horizontal cells express the leucine-rich repeat domain cell adhesion molecule AMIGO1. Horizontal cells provide pathway-specific feedback to photoreceptors-horizontal cell axons to rods and horizontal cell dendrites to cones. AMIGO1 selectively expands the size of horizontal cell axons. When

Steroid Hormone Signaling Activates Thermal Nociception During Drosophila Peripheral Nervous System Development, Jacob S. Jaszczak, Laura Devault, Lily Yeh Jan, Yuh Nung Jan

Open Access Publications

Sensory neurons enable animals to detect environmental changes and avoid harm. An intriguing open question concerns how the various attributes of sensory neurons arise in development.

Homeostatic Interferon-Lambda Response To Bacterial Microbiota Stimulates Preemptive Antiviral Defense Within Discrete Pockets Of Intestinal Epithelium, Jacob A. Van Winkle, Stefan T. Peterson, Elizabeth A. Kennedy, Michael J. Wheadon, Harshad Ingle, Chandni Desai, Rachel Rodgers, David A. Constant, Austin P. Wright, Lena Li, Maxim N. Artyomov, Sanghyun Lee, Megan T. Baldridge, Timothy J. Nice

Open Access Publications

Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) protects intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from enteric viruses by inducing expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Here, we find that bacterial microbiota stimulate a homeostatic ISG signature in the intestine of specific pathogen-free mice. This homeostatic ISG expression is restricted to IECs, depends on IEC-intrinsic expression of IFN-λ receptor (