Digital Commons Network^™

Chronicity In Strongyloides Stercoralis Infections: Dichotomy Of The Protective Immune Response To Infective And Autoinfective Larvae In A Mouse Model., R. A. Brigandi, H. L. Rotman, T. J. Nolan, G. A. Schad, D. Abraham

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal disease that can last for decades due to the occurrence of autoinfective larvae (L3a) in an infected person, which contribute to the maintenance of the population of adult worms in the intestine. The goal of the present study was to determine if L3a are susceptible to the protective immunity that targets the infective stage of the worm, the third-stage larvae (L3). Mice immunized and challenged with Strongyloides stercoralis L3 kill more than 90% of challenge larvae contained within diffusion chambers. The L3 do not remain antigenically static in mice, however, but undergo some degree of antigenic …

Local Delivery Of Interleukin 4 By Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Michael K. Shaw, James B. Lorens, Archana Dhawan, Richard Dalcanto, Harley Y. Tse, Alyssa B. Tran, Colleen Bonpane, Shanti L. Eswaran, Stefan Brocke, Nora Sarvetnick, Lawrence Steinman, Garry P. Nolan, C. Garrison Fathman

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate here that encephalitogenic T cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of EAE when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein-immunized mice. Thus, T lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver "regulatory cytokines" in a site-specific manner and may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune disease.

Neuroprotective Action Of Cycloheximide Involves Induction Of Bcl-2 And Antioxidant Pathways, Katsutoshi Furukawa, Steven Estus, Weiming Fu, Robert J. Mark, Mark P. Mattson

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

The ability of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) to prevent neuronal death in different paradigms has been interpreted to indicate that the cell death process requires synthesis of “killer” proteins. On the other hand, data indicate that neurotrophic factors protect neurons in the same death paradigms by inducing expression of neuroprotective gene products. We now provide evidence that in embryonic rat hippocampal cell cultures, CHX protects neurons against oxidative insults by a mechanism involving induction of neuroprotective gene products including the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 and antioxidant enzymes. Neuronal survival after exposure to glutamate, FeSO₄, and amyloid β-peptide …

Loss Of Dcc Expression And Glioma Progression., M Reyes-Mugica, K Rieger-Christ, H Ohgaki, B C Ekstrand, M Helie, G Kleinman, Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, E R Fearon, P Kleihues, M A Reale

PCI Publications and Projects

The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 18q21, encodes a neural cell adhesion molecule family protein that is most highly expressed in the nervous system. To address the hypothesis that DCC may play a role in glioma development and/or progression, we examined DCC expression by immunohistochemistry in 57 resected human astrocytic tumors. Overall, low-grade astrocytomas were predominantly DCC positive (15 of 16, or 94%), whereas high-grade tumors significantly less often expressed the DCC protein (27 of 41, or 66%; P = 0.03). We were able to directly assess the relationship between DCC expression …

Ifn-Gamma, Igif, And Iddm., Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ec97-2506 A Place In The Country: The Acreage Owner's Guide, Gary C. Bergman, Corey Brubaker, Kathleen J. Cue, Dennis M. Ferraro, Keith Glewen, Donald E. Janssen, Kevin Kock, Richard J. Lodes, Barbara P. Ogg, Jim Peterson, Warder Shires, Sharon Skipton, Monte Stauffer, David L. Varner

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A special place in the country is often a long-awaited dream. For many it communicates freedom, open space, clean air and unique opportunities to enjoy hobbies, nature and quiet living at its best. Making this a reality not only requires a major financial investment, it also requires careful planning and assessment of the existing property or new homesite under consideration.

This extension circular helps you as an acreage owner make the right decisions when living in the country.

G97-1334 Estimating Manure Nutrients From Livestock And Poultry, Richard K. Koelsch, Charles A. Shapiro

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses a procedure for estimating the quantity of nutrients in livestock manure. When managed properly, nutrients in livestock manure can be a valuable resource. When managed improperly, however, these same nutrients become a potential environmental pollutant. Accurate crediting of manure nutrients within a total crop nutrient program is fundamental to utilizing manure as a resource. This NebGuide will help producers estimate the total manure nutrients (N, P and K) produced by their livestock and show how to adjust for losses for various storage and handling situations.

Antisense Inhibition Of Silica-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor In Alveolar Macrophages, Yon Rojanasakul, David N. Weissman, Xianglin Shi, Vincent Castranova, Joseph K. H. Ma, Weiwen Liang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Arachidonate And Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Inhibit Transcription Of The Acetyl-Coa Carboxylase Gene In Hepatocytes In Culture, Fb Hillgartner, Tina Charron

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Yellagonga Wetlands: A Study Of The Water Chemistry And Aquatic Fauna, Adrianne Kinnear, Patrick Garnett, Hugo Bekle, K. Upton

Research outputs pre 2011

Wetlands worldwide are continually threatened by urbanisation and Western Australia is no exception. Since European settlement in 1829, it has been estimated that at least 75% of the wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain have disappeared (Halse, 1988). The remaining 25% continue to be threatened by eutrophication and pollution, changes in hydrology and water level patterns, clearing of riparian vegetation, aesthetic disruption and weed invasion (CALM, 1980; Davis and Rolls, 1987; Wrigley et al., 1991; Balla and Davis, 1995). These degradation components are interrelated and largely the consequence of the extensive removal of surrounding vegetation...

Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Amer El-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems and Technological Solutions (Praeger Publishers 1996). About the authors, bibliography, index, introduction, tables. LC 95-654; ISBN 0-275-93529-9 [185 pp. Cloth $65.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

The Effect Of Human-Animal Bonding On Quality Of Life, Johanna Barham Hanson

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether pets have a positive impact on the lives of their owners by improving their quality of life (QoL). In addition, the study examined the relationship between pet bonding, selected demographic variables and QoL among pet owners and non-pet owners; The subjects consisted of 136 pet owners and 101 non-pet owners from selected church congregations in a Southwestern state. Results of the t-test indicated no significant difference in the QoL scores between pet owners and non-pet owners (p =.232). Yet on a qualitative level, pet owners (90.3%), felt that their pet did …

Reversal Of Parkinsonian Symptoms In Primates By Antagonism Of Excitatory Amino Acid Transmission: Potential Mechanisms Of Action., I. J. Mitchell, C. B. Carroll

Peninsula Medical School

Parkinsonism is characterised by overactive glutamatergic transmission in the cortico-striatal and subthalamo-medial pallidal pathways. Local blockade of glutamatergic transmission in these pathways can alleviate parkinsonian symptoms. The effectiveness of the treatment, however, is often limited by the simultaneous appearance of unwanted side-effects. These side-effects, including ataxia and dissociative anaesthesia, are particularly problematic when N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists are used. In an attempt to overcome these problems we have attempted to manipulate excitatory amino acid (EAA)-mediated neurotransmission indirectly by targeting the NMDA receptor associated modulatory sites. We review evidence which demonstrates that antagonists for both the NMDA associated glycine and polyamine sites …

Cellular Basis Of Decreased Immune Responses To Pneumococcal Vaccines In Aged Mice, Manju Garg, Wei Luo, Alan M. Kaplan, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Previously, model systems were developed in our laboratory to study murine immune responses to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pnu-Imune, both in vivo and in vitro (M. Garg and B. Subbarao, Infect. Immun. 60:2329-2336, 1992; M. Garg, A. M. Kaplan, and S. Bondada, J. Immunol. 152: 1589-1596, 1994). Using these systems, we found that aged mice did not respond to the vaccine in vivo or in vitro. Cell separation studies showed that the unresponsiveness of the aged spleen cells to the vaccine was not due to an intrinsic B-cell defect or to T-cell-mediated immunosuppression but resulted from an accessory cell …

Mechanisms Of Cytokine-Mediated Localized Immunoprotection., Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Opposing Motor Activities Are Required For The Organization Of The Mammalian Mitotic Spindle Pole, Tirso Gaglio, Alejandro Saredi, James B. Bingham, M Josh Hasbani, Steven R. Grill, Trina A. Schroer, Duane A. Compton

Dartmouth Scholarship

We use both in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine the roles of Eg5 (kinesin-related protein), cytoplasmic dynein, and dynactin in the organization of the microtubules and the localization of NuMA (Nu-clear protein that associates with the Mitotic Apparatus) at the polar ends of the mammalian mitotic spindle. Perturbation of the function of Eg5 through either immunodepletion from a cell free system for assembly of mitotic asters or antibody microinjection into cultured cells leads to organized astral microtubule arrays with expanded polar regions in which the minus ends of the microtubules emanate from a ring-like structure that contains NuMA. …

Pancreatic Expression Of Interleukin-4 Abrogates Insulitis And Autoimmune Diabetes In Nonobese Diabetic (Nod) Mice., Regula Mueller, Troy Krahl, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is a T cell-dependent autoimmune disease. The destructive activities of autoreactive T cells have been shown to be tightly regulated by effector molecules. In particular, T helper (Th) 1 cytokines have been linked to diabetes pathogenesis, whereas Th2 cytokines and the cells that release them have been postulated to be protective from disease. To test this hypothesis, we generated transgenic NOD mice that express interleukin (IL) 4 in their pancreatic beta cells under the control of the human insulin promoter. We found that transgenic NOD-IL-4 mice, both females and males, were completely protected from …

Cloning Of The Mammalian Type Ii Iodothyronine Deiodinase. A Selenoprotein Differentially Expressed And Regulated In Human And Rat Brain And Other Tissues., Walburga Croteau, Jennifer C. Davey, Valerie Anne Galton, Donald L. St Germain

Dartmouth Scholarship

The deiodination of thyroid hormones in extrathyroidal tissues plays an important role in modulating thyroid hormone action. The type II deiodinase (DII) converts thyroxine to the active hormone 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and in the rat is expressed in the brain, pituitary gland, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for the types I and III deiodinases (DI and DIII, respectively) have been isolated and shown to code for selenoproteins. However, information concerning the structure of the mammalian DII remains limited, and the pattern of its expression in human tissues is undefined. We report herein the identification and characterization of rat and …

Il-10 Is Necessary And Sufficient For Autoimmune Diabetes In Conjunction With Nod Mhc Homozygosity., Myung-Shik Lee, Regula Mueller, Linda S. Wicker, Laurence B. Peterson, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

Contrary to expectations based on in vitro experiments, we previously found that pancreatic IL-10 did not inhibit autoimmune diabetes but accelerated it in an MHC-dependent manner. Therefore, the ability of IL-10 to overcome the absence of all non-MHC diabetes susceptibility (Idd) alleles was studied in transgenic mice expressing pancreatic IL-10 backcrossed to B10.H2g7 congenic mice, which have no Idd alleles other than NOD MHC (H2g7). IL-10 transgenic backcross 1 (BC1) mice with H2g7/g7 haplotype developed clear-cut insulitis and diabetes, but neither transgenic mice with the H2g/b haplotype nor nontransgenic BC1 mice did so. Further implicating IL-10 in autoimmune diabetes, anti-IL-10 …

Bedding Down, Gwen Johnson

A Midwestern Review: A Magazine of the Arts and Issues at DePauw University

No abstract provided.

A Novel Iron-Regulated Metal Transporter From Plants Identified By Functional Expression In Yeast., David Eide, Margaret Broderius, Jeanette Fett, Mary Lou Guerinot

Dartmouth Scholarship

Iron is an essential nutrient for virtually all organisms. The IRT1 (iron-regulated transporter) gene of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding a probable Fe(II) transporter, was cloned by functional expression in a yeast strain defective for iron uptake. Yeast expressing IRT1 possess a novel Fe(II) uptake activity that is strongly inhibited by Cd. IRT1 is predicted to be an integral membrane protein with a metal-binding domain. Data base comparisons and Southern blot analysis indicated that IRT1 is a member of a gene family in Arabidopsis. Related sequences were also found in the genomes of rice, yeast, nematodes, and humans. In Arabidopsis, …

Prefabrication Of A Secondary Tram Flap., Geoffrey G. Hallock Md

Department of Surgery

A secondary TRAM flap was prefabricated in a rat model using the rectus muscle. The right rectus muscle was elevated as an inferiorly pedicled muscle flap in one experimental group (n = 6) and as a superiorly pedicled muscle flap in a second group (n = 5) and then sandwiched between a silicone sheet and the abdominal skin. Two weeks later, the abdominal skin and attached rectus muscle were elevated over the silicone sheet as a secondary TRAM flap. The surviving skin paddle areas of these prefabricated TRAM flaps were compared with superiorly (n = 7) and inferiorly (n = …

Removal Of Extracellular Chloride Suppresses Transmitter Release From Photoreceptor Terminals In The Mudpuppy Retina., Wallace B. Thoreson, R . F. Miller

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

Removal of extracellular Cl- has been shown to suppress light-evoked voltage responses of ON bipolar and horizontal cells, but not photoreceptors or OFF bipolar cells, in the amphibian retina. A substantial amount of experimental evidence has demonstrated that the photoreceptor transmitter, L-glutamate, activates cation, not Cl-, channels in these cells. The mechanism for Cl-free effects was therefore reexamined in a superfused retinal slice preparation from the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) using whole-cell voltage and current clamp techniques. In a Cl-free medium, light-evoked currents were maintained in rod and cone photoreceptors but suppressed in horizontal, ON bipolar, and OFF bipolar cells. Changes …

Disruption Of The Cbfa2 Gene Causes Necrosis And Hemorrhaging In The Central Nervous System And Blocks Definitive Hematopoiesis., Qing Wang, Terryl Stacy, Michael M Binder, Miguel Marin-Padilla, Arlene H. Sharpe, Nancy A. Speck

Dartmouth Scholarship

The CBFA2 (AML1) gene encodes a DNA-binding subunit of the heterodimeric core-binding factor. The CBFA2 gene is disrupted by the (8;21), (3;21), and (12;21) chromosomal translocations associated with leukemias and myelodysplasias in humans. Mice lacking a CBF alpha 2 protein capable of binding DNA die between embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5 due to hemorrhaging in the central nervous system (CNS), at the nerve/CNS interfaces of cranial and spinal nerves, and in somitic/intersomitic regions along the presumptive spinal cord. Hemorrhaging is preceded by symmetric, bilateral necrosis in these regions. Definitive erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis do not occur in Cbfa2-deficient embryos, and disruption …

A Tandem Duplication Within The Fibrillin 1 Gene Is Associated With The Mouse Tight Skin Mutation., Linda D. Siracusa, Rodney Mcgrath, Qing Ma, John J. Moskow, Jayanthi Manne, Paul J. Christner, Arthur M. Buchberg, Sergio A. Jimenez

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Mice carrying the Tight skin (Tsk) mutation have thickened skin and visceral fibrosis resulting from an accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules. These and other connective tissue abnormalities have made Tskl + mice models for scleroderma, hereditary emphysema, and myocardial hypertrophy. Previously we localized Tsk to mouse chromosome 2 in a region syntenic with human chromosome 15. The microfibrillar glycoprotein gene, fibrillin 1 (FBN1), on human chromosome 15q, provided a candidate for the Tsk mutation. We now demonstrate that the Tsk chromosome harbors a 30- to 40-kb genomic duplication within the Fbn1 gene that results in a larger than normal in-frame …

Cd40-Cd40 Ligand Interactions In Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis., Koen Gerritse, Jon D. Laman, Randolph J. Noelle, Alejandro Aruffo

Dartmouth Scholarship

We investigated the role of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Activated helper T cells expressing CD40L (gp39) surface protein were found in MS patient brain sections, but not in brain tissue sections of normal controls or patients with other neurological disease. CD40L-positive cells were co-localized with CD40-bearing cells in active lesions (perivascular infiltrates). Most of these CD40-bearing cells proved to be of the monocytic lineage (macrophages or microglial cells), and relatively few were B cells. To functionally evaluate CD40-CD40L interactions, EAE was elicited in mice by means of proteolipid-peptide immunization. Treatment with …

Biochemical And Mutational Analysis Of The Histidine Residues Of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A., M Hoffman, M Tremaine, J Mansfield, M Betley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The goal of this study was to examine the role of histidine residues in the biological activities of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Carboxymethylated SEA was unable to stimulate murine T-cell proliferation but was resistant to monkey stomach lavage fluid degradation, suggesting that native conformation was intact. Site-directed mutagenesis of the histidine residues of SEA was subsequently performed. SEA-H44A (SEA with histidine 44 replaced with alanine), SEA-H44D, SEA-H50A, SEA-H50D, SEA-H114A, SEA-H114D, SEA-H187A, and SEA-H187D retained superantigen and emetic activities, whereas SEA-H225A and SEA-H225D were defective in the ability to stimulate T-cell proliferation. These mutants were unable to compete with SEA for …

Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibition Of A Swelling-Activated Cation Channel In Osteoblast-Like Osteosarcoma Cells., Randall L. Duncan, Neil Kizer, Elizabeth L. Barry, Peter P A Friedman, Keith A. Hruska

Dartmouth Scholarship

By patch-clamp analysis, we have shown that chronic, intermittent mechanical strain (CMS) increases the activity of stretch-activated cation channels of osteoblast-like UMR-106.01 cells. CMS also produces a swelling-activated whole-cell conductance (Gm) regulated by varying strain levels. We questioned whether the swelling-activated conductance was produced by stretch-activated cation channel activity. We have identified a gene involved in the increase in conductance by using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) derived from the alpha 1-subunit genes of calcium channels found in UMR-106.01 cells (alpha1S, alpha1C, and alpha1D). We demonstrate that alpha 1C antisense ODNs abolish the increase in Gm in response to hypotonic swelling following …

Ec96-764 Teaching Farm & Ranch Safety: Multi-Disciplinary Activities For Elementary Students

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

You've heard the stories. Perhaps you've even experienced one first-hand. Each year in the United States, about 300 kids are killed in agricultural accidents, and at least 5,000 more are seriously injured. Education is a valuable tool in reducing these frightening numbers.

This Teacher's Guide is targeted toward elementary students (Grades 4-6), and contains background information to help you implement the accompanying student activities. If you do not have an agricultural background, some of this information will be new to you. Even if you live or have grown up on a farm or ranch, you may learn something new from …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Overexpression Of Metallothionein-I In Transgenic Mice On The Reproductive Toxicology Of Cadmium., T Dalton, Kai Fu, G C Enders, R D Palmiter, G K Andrews

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Exposure to low levels of cadmium reduces fertility. In male mice spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to cadmium, whereas in females the peri-implantation period of pregnancy is sensitive. To examine the potential roles of the cadmium-binding protein, metallothionein (MT), in the reproductive toxicology of cadmium, we examined a transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses metallothionein-I (MT-I). These mice had dramatically increased steady-state levels of MT-I mRNA and MT in the testes and in the female reproductive tract during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy, and this overexpression occurred in a cell-specific and temporally regulated manner similar to that of the endogenous MT-I gene. …