Digital Commons Network^™

Global Collaboration Between Tanzania And Japan To Advance Midwifery Profession: A Case Report Of A Partnership Model, Yoko Shimpuku, Shigeko Horiuchi, Sebalda C. Leshabari, Dickson Mkoka, Yasuko Nagamatsu, Miwako Matsutani, Hiromi Eto, Michiko Oguro, Yukari Yaju, Mariko Iida, Columba Mbekenga, Lilian Mselle, Agnes Mtawa

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

The global health agenda to reduce maternal mortality is delayed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The shortage of skilled birth attendants in Tanzania hinders the improvement of midwifery care to prevent maternal mortality and morbidity. It is urgently neccesary to develop midwifery leaders capable of working as educators, researchers, administrators, and advanced practitioners, contributing to the improvement of midwifery care and maternal child health in their own country. This report describes the process of establishing the first midwifery master’s program in Tanzania through the efforts of two academic institutions, one in Tanzania and one in Japan. The collaboration developed a sustainable partnership …

A Report From The First Regional Pain Medicine Symposia In East, Central And Southern African Region. (Ecsa-R)-“The Rhino Model In Pain Education In Africa”, Thikra Sharif, John Bugo

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

The 1st Regional pain medicine symposia were held between the 14th and 18th of November 2011 in 3 cities (Nairobi, Mombasa and Dar-es-salaam), across 2 countries, Kenya and Tanzania. It was funded by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), through the IASP developing country education grant for 2011 and The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN). It was organized by faculty from the Pain Management Unit (PMU) AKUHN. The Pain medicine educators were from PMU, AKUHN and from Specialists in Pain International Network (SPIN).

The aims of the symposia were to introduce the Rhino model concept, the …

Patterns Of Tree Distribution Within Small Communities Of The Sudanian Savanna-Sahel, Sarah J. Sterling, Blair D. Orr

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Crown diameter and tree density were measured in 52 communities in the Sudan-Sahel using satellite imagery to determine the relationships between rainfall and distance from community center to crown size diameter and tree density. As distance from the community center increased, tree density and crown diameter decreased. As rainfall increased, tree density decreased while crown diameter increased. Distance from the community center is a proxy for age since urbanization and our results indicate that older parts of communities show longer and more consistent tree management. The trends in patterns of tree distribution and size in communities are different from those …

10th Annual Walter Rodney Symposium Wrap Up

Groundings

We take a look at the monumental occasion that was the 10th Annual Walter Rodney Symposium, held on March 22nd and 23rd, 2013. Included: A brief synopsis of events and a photo narrative of the Symposium

Persistence And Stability Of Eastern Afromontane Forests: Evidence From Brevicipitid Frogs, Simon P. Loader, F. Sara Ceccarelli, Michele Menegon, Kim M. Howell, Roman Kassahun, Abebe A. Mengistu, Samy A. Saber, Fikirte Gebresenbet, Rafael O. De Sá, Et Al.

Biology Faculty Publications

Aim: The persistence and stability of habitats through time are considered predictors of high levels of biodiversity in some environments. Long-term habitat persistence and stability may explain the species-rich, endemic forest fauna and flora of the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Region (EABR). Using comple- mentary phylogenetic and biogeographical approaches, we examine evolution- ary patterns in EAR brevicipitid frogs. Using these data, we test whether brevicipitid history reflects patterns of long-term forest persistence and/or sta bility across the EABR.

Location: East Africa.

Methods: A dated phylogeny for brevicipitids was constructed using two nuclear and three mitochondrial markers. Alternative diversification modes were used …

Pediatric Cerebral Palsy In Africa: A Systematic Review, Kirsten A. Donald, Pauline Samia, Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige, David Bearden

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Cerebral palsy is a common neurologic problem in children and is reported as occurring in approximately 2-2.5 of 1000 live births globally. As is the case with many pediatric neurologic conditions, very little has been reported on this condition in the African context. Resource-limited settings such as those found across the continent are likely to result in a different spectrum of etiologies, prevalence, severity as well as management approaches. This review aims to establish what has been reported on this condition from the African continent so as to better define key clinical and research questions.

Informal–Formal Sector Interactions In Automotive Engineering, Kampala, Dick Kawooya

Faculty Publications

This chapter provides findings from a Ugandan case study that examined innovation transfers between informal-sector automotive artisans and formally employed researchers at Makerere University’s College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT). Th e primary site studied was CEDAT’s Gatsby Garage, an automotive workshop where it was found that the informal-sector artisans were central to innovative processes but were at the same time driven more by sharing impulses than by concern for the intellectual property (IP) implications of their work. Based on these findings, it is argued that Ugandan policy-makers need to seek policy tools to support innovation transfers between …

Georgia Southern Magazine, Georgia Southern University

Georgia Southern Magazine

• Campus Growth
• An Evening with Laura Bush
• 'Sprung up from Sandy Earth'
• China's Roses
• Tee Time
• Learning to Overcome

Molecular Epidemiology Of Hiv-Associated Tuberculosis In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Strain Predominance, Clustering, And Polyclonal Disease, Lisa V. Adams, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Robert D. Arbeit, Hanna Soini, Lillian Mtei, Mecky Matee, Muhammad Bakari, Timothy Lahey, Wendy Wieland-Alter

Dartmouth Scholarship

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used to elucidate the epidemiology of tuberculosis, including the rates of clustering, the frequency of polyclonal disease, and the distribution of genotypic families. We performed IS6110 typing and spoligotyping on M. tuberculosis strains isolated from HIV-infected subjects at baseline or during follow-up in the DarDar Trial in Tanzania and on selected community isolates. Clustering occurred in 203 (74%) of 275 subjects: 124 (80%) of 155 HIV-infected subjects with baseline isolates, 56 (69%) of 81 HIV-infected subjects with endpoint isolates, and 23 (59%) of 39 community controls. Overall, 113 (41%) subjects had an …

Social Context Of Disclosing Hiv Test Results In Tanzania, Joe Lugalla, Stanley Yoder, Huruma Sigala, Charles Madihi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This study sought to understand how individuals reveal their HIV test results to others and the ways in which social relations affect the disclosure process. The data were collected through open-ended interviews administered in Swahili to informants who had just been tested for HIV and to those who were living with HIV in Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions. Analysis shows that social relations influence the decisions individuals make about disclosure. Most people preferred to reveal their HIV status to close family members. Most also mentioned the fear of being rejected and discriminated against as major reasons for not disclosing …

Bishop Stephen Neill, The Imc And The State Of African Theological Education In 1950, Dyron Daughrity

All Faculty Open Access Publications

From April to July of 1950, Bishop Stephen Neill (1900-1984) took a sweeping tour of East and West Africa to assess the state of African theological education. He visited Egypt, Sudan, and the six British territories in tropical Africa: Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Gold Coast (Ghana), and Sierra Leone. Employed by the World Council of Churches at the time, Neill was appointed by the International Missionary Council to spearhead the project. The overall objective was to shed light on what could be done to improve the quality of theological education and the training of ministry in Africa. Neill produced a …

Encounters With Witchcraft, Norman Miller

Dartmouth Scholarship

My first experience with witchcraft in Africa occurred in March 1960 in Mombasa, Kenya, just as I stepped off the gangway of the MS Inchanga following a voyage from India. Next to the ship in a dockside kiosk I saw a newspaper with the headline, “European Geologist Attacked in Gogoland: Witchcraft Suspected.” It was the story of a 22-year-old British geologist, William Hanning, who had been prospecting for minerals in a remote part of nearby Tanzania when by mistake he dug into a burial ground. He was believed to be a witch, disguised as a European, out to steal body …

Academic Sailers: The Ford Foundation And The Efforts To Shape Legal Education In Africa, 1957-1977, Jayanth K. Krishnan

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This study examines a major law-and-development project in Africa undertaken by the New York-based Ford Foundation in the decades following the Second World War. By the 1960s, many countries in Africa freed themselves of colonial rule, and Ford eagerly sought to assist these newly emerging states in the nation-building process. One area towards which Ford contributed considerable resources was legal education. Labeling its program ‘SAILER’ – or the Staffing of African Institutions of Legal Education and Research – Ford engaged in a range of initiatives, including sending American lawyers to teach in several different African countries and bringing Africans to …

Effect Of Variable Transmission Rate On The Dynamics Of Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Diego F. Cuadros, Phillip H. Crowley, Ben Augustine, Sarah L. Stewart, Gisela García-Ramos

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The cause of the high HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is incompletely understood, with heterosexual penile-vaginal transmission proposed as the main mechanism. Heterosexual HIV transmission has been estimated to have a very low probability; but effects of cofactors that vary in space and time may substantially alter this pattern.

METHODS: To test the effect of individual variation in the HIV infectiousness generated by co-infection, we developed and analyzed a mathematical sexual network model that simulates the behavioral components of a population from Malawi, as well as the dynamics of HIV and the co-infection effect caused by other infectious diseases, …

Towards An Enhanced Status For Teachers In Africa, Michael Olatunji

Academic Leadership: The Online Journal (2003-2012)

For sometime now there has been a tremendous increase in the demand for formal education in Africa. As a result of this development, individuals, organizations, communities and the government have invested huge sum of money in educational expansion. However, noble as this trend is, the quality of teachers remains one of the major factors that could mar or improve the overall educational results. It follows therefore that if the entire education enterprise in Africa will not be grounded in the distant or nearest future, it is imperative to ensure that teachers are appropriately positioned to play the cardinal roles that …

Ethics Brewed In An African Pot, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

Doing ethics in African Christianity raises the challenge of over-generalization in the midst of diversity and variety. This essay surveys the wide ethical landscape of Africa, explores key ethical issues on the continent within the context of the world church, and proposes priorities for action in view of a global ethical partnership.

The Evolution Of Constitutional Environmental Law In Kenya, J. Bradley Larkin

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

The Politics Of Smoke-Free Policies In Developing Countries: Lessons From Africa, Jeffrey Drope

Political Science Faculty Research and Publications

The public health rewards of smoke-free policies are well documented. But in their enthusiasm to achieve such policies, public health advocates and policymakers frequently underestimate the political complexity of passing laws, and then implementing and enforcing them. Using 12 African countries as the focus of discussion, this research examines the basic political process for and the barriers to achieving smoke-free policies. Moreover, in addition to the obstacles, it examines why some countries have been experiencing comparatively more success in the smoke-free policy area. The findings of the research suggest strongly that the presence of a vigorous tobacco control civil society …

Agricultural Resources Available To Women Of Arusha, Tanzania, Travis Barnett

Agribusiness

Paper includes prior research and background about gender inequality and a woman's role in African society. Research documents agriculturally related resources available to women living in Arusha, Tanzania. Research documents agricultural, educational and financial resources provided by Non Government Organizations (NGO's) and Farm Systems Research (FSR) headquarters. Also includes documentation of societal and geographical resources, such as crop production and market locations and times within the Arusha region.

Revised Version (2010) Of "Through The Eyes Of Mandela Sisulu And Tambo: An Appraisal Of The Southern African Liberation Movements, Darfur, And Kenya And U.S. Policies Towards Africa", Prexy Nesbitt

Rozell 'Prexy' Nesbitt Writings and Speeches

Prexy Nesbitt, a Chicago-based anti-apartheid activist and educator, revised his original talk at Chapman College, Orange, California, february 25, 2008, to include new material. 16 pages.

African Renaissance? The Emerging Security Structure Of The African Union, Lensa Kwadjo

Theses & ETDs

The African Union, through its embrace of the �Responsibility to Protect� doctrine, has embarked on an ambitious peace and security agenda that allows it to intervene in crises that involve genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. However, the institution�s lack of adequate financial and logistical capacity has made external donors necessary partners in the new emerging security structure of the African Union. By comparing how the African Union and its external donors have decided on, and implemented peacekeeping missions in Burundi, Sudan, and Somalia, this thesis seeks to gauge the progress the institution has made towards building a security …

Leadership And Leadership Development In The Evangelical Lutheran Church Of Tanzania, Africa : An Investigation Into Practices And Processes In The Meru Diocese, Dale C. Williams

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Drawing From The Wells Of Culture: Grace Onyango And The Kenyan Political Scene (1964-1983), Phoebe Musandu

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This paper examines the career of Grace Onyango in a bid to recover the history of independent Kenya’s most prominent female politician. To find success as a politician, Onyango had to have an understanding of the interplay between her ethnic culture, the cultures of those with whom she interacted as well as the dynamics of newly independent Kenya’s local and national politics.

Many Hands Can Lift The Heaviest Of Burdens: A Guide And Resource Book To Assist In Teaching And Learning About Africa In The Unites States - Revised Version #1, Prexy Nesbitt

Rozell 'Prexy' Nesbitt Writings and Speeches

Prexy Nesbitt, a Chicago-based anti-apartheid activist and educator, authored this draft version of a book designed to assist in the teaching of Africa in the United States. 17 pages.

Conflicts Diamonds: U.S. Responsibility And Response, Edward R. Fluet

San Diego International Law Journal

This Article will examine U.S. and international efforts to combat the trade in conflict diamonds. Specifically, this article will detail their failures and examine the need for U.S. backed legislation to prevent the conflict diamond trade more effectively. This article proceeds as follows: Part I will examine the effect of the conflict diamond trade on those caught in the grip of civil war and terrorism. Part II will analyze international efforts to curtail conflict diamonds trade, specifically examining international support of the Kimberley Process. Part III and IV will examine the United States'efforts to regulate conflict diamonds and the inherent …

Efficacy And Safety Of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem®) Tablets (Six-Dose Regimen) In African Infants And Children With Acute, Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria, C. Falade, M. Makanga, Zul Premji, C.E. Ortmann, M. Stockmeyer, P. Ibarra De Palacios

Pathology, East Africa

Approximately one million children die from malaria each year. A recently approved artemisinin-based tablet, Coartem (co-artemether), comprising artemether 120 mg plus lumefantrine 20 mg, given in four doses, provides effective antimalarial treatment for children in many sub-Saharan countries. However, this regimen is considered insufficient for non-immune infants and in areas where multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum predominates. This open-label study assessed the efficacy and safety of co-artemether administered to 310 African children weighing 5-25 kg, with acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Six doses of co-artemether were given over 3 days, with follow-up at 7, 14 and 28 days. Treatment rapidly cleared parasitemia and …

Phylogenetic Relationships Of African Microhylid Frogs Inferred From Dna Sequences Of Mitochondrial 12s And 16s Rrna Genes, Simon P. Loader, David J. Gower, Kim M. Howell, Nike Doggart, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Barry T. Clarke, Rafael O. De Sá, Bernard L. Cohen, Mark Wilkinson

Biology Faculty Publications

The phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs are poorly understood. The first molecular phylogeny for continental African microhylids is presented, including representatives of all subfamilies, six of the eight genera, and the enigmatic hemisotid Hemisus. Mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA sequence data were analysed using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian methods. Analyses of the data are consistent with the monophyly of all sampled subfamilies and genera. Hemisus does not nest within either brevicipitines or non-brevicipitines. It is possibly the sister group to brevicipitines, in which case brevicipitines might not be microhylids. Phrynomantis and Hoplophryne potentially group with non-African, non-brevicipitine microhylids, in …

A Prayer For Marie: Creating An Effective African Standby Force, Mike Denning

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

Averting A Malaria Disaster In Africa - Where Does The Buck Stop?, C.J.M. Whitty, R. Allan, V. Wiseman, S. Ochola, M.V. Nakyanzi-Mugisha, B. Vonhm, M. Mwita, C. Miaka, A. Oloo, Zul Premji, C. Burgess, T.K. Mutabingwa

Pathology, East Africa

The serious threat posed by the spread of drug-resistant malaria in Africa has been widely acknowledged. Chloroquine resistance is now almost universal, and resistance to the successor drug, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), is growing rapidly. Combination therapy has been suggested as being an available and potentially lasting solution to this impending crisis. However, the current cost of combination therapy, and especially that of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), is potentially a serious drawback, even if a significant part of its cost is passed on to the end-user. If the question of cost is not successfully addressed this could lead to adverse results from …

Telecommunications Reform In Southern Africa: The Role Of The Southern African Development Community, Patricia K. Mccormick

Communication Faculty Research Publications

This article examines telecommunications reform and related infrastructure and service developments in Southern African states. In focusing on this region, the article analyses the role of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the different associations and commissions it has created to develop the telecommunications sector and facilitate reform, which is essential to promote network efficiencies and extend the infrastructure to rural areas. As a regional organisation, SADC is poised to promote restructuring of the telecommunications sector in its 14 member states, as it seeks to achieve complementary national and regional programs and promote sustainable development and economic growth through …