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2026

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Hard Tissue Barrier Detection In Permanent Mandibular Molars That Have Undergone Direct Pulp Capping And Partial Pulpotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Boonchanit Nophachatsathid, Papimon Chompu-Inwai, Chanika Manmontri, Nattakan Chaipattanawan, Areerat Nirunsittirat, Phichayut Phinyo Jan 2026

Hard Tissue Barrier Detection In Permanent Mandibular Molars That Have Undergone Direct Pulp Capping And Partial Pulpotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Boonchanit Nophachatsathid, Papimon Chompu-Inwai, Chanika Manmontri, Nattakan Chaipattanawan, Areerat Nirunsittirat, Phichayut Phinyo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The presence of a hard tissue barrier (HTB) is commonly considered as a reliable indicator of a successful vital pulp therapy (VPT). This study therefore aimed to evaluate the probability of HTB detection over time, identify factors affecting HTB detection, and compare the mean time of HTB detection across subgroups. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study included permanent mandibular molars that had undergone VPT. The examiners detected the HTB by comparing the follow-up with the immediate postoperative bitewing radiographs. A flexible parametric survival analysis was conducted to assess the probability of HTB detection over time and its associated …

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Trimethyl Chitosan: Antibacterial Activity On Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm And Cytocompatibility On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Cells, Raras Ajeng Enggardipta, Minato Akizuki, Mika Bando, Yuji Inagaki, Kazumitsu Sekine, Kenichi Hamada, Tomoko Sumitomo, Kanta Sato, Hiromichi Yumoto Jan 2026

Trimethyl Chitosan: Antibacterial Activity On Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm And Cytocompatibility On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Cells, Raras Ajeng Enggardipta, Minato Akizuki, Mika Bando, Yuji Inagaki, Kazumitsu Sekine, Kenichi Hamada, Tomoko Sumitomo, Kanta Sato, Hiromichi Yumoto

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Effective disinfection of the root canal system remains a major challenge due to complex anatomy and the persistence of biofilm-forming bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a quaternized chitosan derivative, has shown promising antimicrobial properties but has not been extensively studied for endodontic use. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of TMC against E. faecalis and assess its cytocompatibility with human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs). Materials and methods The E. faecalis biofilm formation in the presence of TMC and antibacterial activity of TMC against mature E. faecalis biofilms were evaluated using crystal violet …

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The Radioresistance Of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cell-Derived Tumors Is Determined By The Cancer Cells Themselves, Rather Than By The Surrounding Stromal Cells, Yoshikazu Kuwahara, Kazuo Tomita, Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar, Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh, Tomoaki Sato, Akihiro Kurimasa Jan 2026

The Radioresistance Of Clinically Relevant Radioresistant Cell-Derived Tumors Is Determined By The Cancer Cells Themselves, Rather Than By The Surrounding Stromal Cells, Yoshikazu Kuwahara, Kazuo Tomita, Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar, Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh, Tomoaki Sato, Akihiro Kurimasa

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose We established clinically relevant radioresistant (CRR) cell lines, which proliferate after exposure to 2 Gy/day of X-rays with the same genomic background as the parental cell lines from SAS cells, a cell line derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we tried to analyze whether the radioresistance of the tumor is defined by the stromal cells or the cancer cells using the CRR cells. Materials and methods We transplanted parental and CRR cells into nude mice. The effects of 2 Gy/day fractionated radiation (FR) on the tumors were observed for 30 days. We measured tumor size, nuclear …

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Simultaneous Labial And Lingual Augmented Corticotomy Increase Periodontal Hard And Soft Tissues In 10 Skeletal Class Ii Patients – A Preliminary Study, Xiaochi Chang, Yi Feng, Cheng Lin, Chang Shu, Yichong Sun, Youmin Mei, Jianxia Hou Jan 2026

Simultaneous Labial And Lingual Augmented Corticotomy Increase Periodontal Hard And Soft Tissues In 10 Skeletal Class Ii Patients – A Preliminary Study, Xiaochi Chang, Yi Feng, Cheng Lin, Chang Shu, Yichong Sun, Youmin Mei, Jianxia Hou

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose During pre-orthognathic orthodontic procedures in skeletal Class II patients, mandibular anterior tooth retraction could cause depletion of periodontal tissues on the labial and lingual sides. This study aimed to assess the changes in alveolar bone thickness, gingival thickness and keratinized gingiva width of the mandibular anterior teeth after labial and lingual augmented corticotomy (LLAC). Materials and methods 10 patients suffering from skeletal Class II malocclusion undergoing orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment were included and LLAC was performed on their mandibular anterior teeth at the same time. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed at preoperatively (T0), 14 days postoperatively (Ts), and 6 …

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Effects Of Ovariectomy Of Rat On Tongue Neuropathy: Relevance To Burning Mouth Syndrome, Momoyo Kobayashi, Akiko Okada-Ogawa, Yoshiki Imamura, Hirotaka Shinozuka, Noboru Noma, Koichi Iwata, Masamichi Shinoda Jan 2026

Effects Of Ovariectomy Of Rat On Tongue Neuropathy: Relevance To Burning Mouth Syndrome, Momoyo Kobayashi, Akiko Okada-Ogawa, Yoshiki Imamura, Hirotaka Shinozuka, Noboru Noma, Koichi Iwata, Masamichi Shinoda

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is common in postmenopausal women, indicating that sex hormones are involved in disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that the decreased nerve innervation of the papillae of the tongue may be related to neuropathic pain conditions in BMS. However, it remains unknown whether sex hormones contribute to changes in the nerve fiber density in the tongues of patients with BMS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine changes in pain intensity and nerve fiber density in the tongue of ovariectomized (OVX) rats subjected to surgical menopause to elucidate one aspect of the mechanism …

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Zoledronate Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Upregulation, Kanan Bando, Yasuo Endo Jan 2026

Zoledronate Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Upregulation, Kanan Bando, Yasuo Endo

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/Purpose Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used to treat osteoporosis and bone metastases, but their use is associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), a condition characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired healing. Since bacterial infection is a major risk factor for BRONJ, this study investigated whether zoledronate (Zol), a nitrogen-containing BP, modulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Materials and methods Zol or other BPs were injected into the ear pinnae of mice. Five days later, tissues were harvested and analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA to assess TLR4 expression and cytokine production. TLR4 expression …

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Clinical Decision Support Of Advanced Large Language Models In Endodontic Disease, Jiahe Li, Xian He, Yong Wang, Yanan Liu, Jie Liu, Mingxiao Liu, Tianyu Huang, Zeyu Huang Jan 2026

Clinical Decision Support Of Advanced Large Language Models In Endodontic Disease, Jiahe Li, Xian He, Yong Wang, Yanan Liu, Jie Liu, Mingxiao Liu, Tianyu Huang, Zeyu Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant potential for clinical decision support, yet their application in endodontic disease remains underexplored. Materials and methods This study assessed the decision-making capabilities of three advanced LLMs (GPT-4o, Claude 3.5, and Grok2) in specialized endodontic contexts. A question bank of 421 multiple-choice questions was constructed across 27 core endodontic topics, including theory, procedures, and 35 complex cases. The three LLMs were tested using standardized prompts, with performance evaluated via topic-stratified accuracy analysis. Results Claude 3.5 achieved the highest overall accuracy (73.39 %), followed by Grok2 (66.27 %) and GPT-4o (46.32 %). Grok2 excelled in …

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Analysis Of Multimodal Large Language Models On Visually-Based Questions In The Japanese National Examination For Dental Hygienists: A Preliminary Comparative Study, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Yuichi Mine, Yoshie Niitani, Tsuyoshi Taji, Saori Takeda, Ryohei Tokinaga, Hideo Shigeishi, Toshinobu Takemoto, Naoya Kakimoto, Takeshi Murayama, Kouji Ohta Jan 2026

Analysis Of Multimodal Large Language Models On Visually-Based Questions In The Japanese National Examination For Dental Hygienists: A Preliminary Comparative Study, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Yuichi Mine, Yoshie Niitani, Tsuyoshi Taji, Saori Takeda, Ryohei Tokinaga, Hideo Shigeishi, Toshinobu Takemoto, Naoya Kakimoto, Takeshi Murayama, Kouji Ohta

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The importance of oral health is globally recognized, which has increased the demand for qualified dental hygienists. This study assessed the performance of multimodal large language models (LLMs), on the Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists, focusing on their ability to answer visually-based questions and evaluating image-recognition capabilities. Materials and methods The 34th Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists (March 2025) supplied 213 multiple-choice questions (74 text-only, 139 visually-based). Five multimodal LLMs were tested: OpenAI o3-mini-high (o3-mh), ChatGPT-4.5 Preview (GPT-4.5), Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experimental (Gemini 2.0), Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental (Gemini 2.5), and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Claude 3.7). …

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Ferritin Promotes Monocyte Osteoclastogenic Differentiation To Aggravate Alveolar Bone Resorption In Periodontitis, Wenxue Huang, Jie Zhang, Menglong Hu, Zhaoguo Yue, Ye Han, Xiaochi Chang, Jianxia Hou Jan 2026

Ferritin Promotes Monocyte Osteoclastogenic Differentiation To Aggravate Alveolar Bone Resorption In Periodontitis, Wenxue Huang, Jie Zhang, Menglong Hu, Zhaoguo Yue, Ye Han, Xiaochi Chang, Jianxia Hou

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis critically impairs masticatory function and tooth stability, yet the mechanistic drivers linking immune dysregulation to osteolytic pathology remain incompletely characterized. This study elucidates how ferritin-an inflammation responsive iron chaperone secreted by activated monocytes-orchestrates monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation to exacerbate bone destruction in periodontitis. Materials and methods Using a multidisciplinary approach, we combined: Immunohistochemical profiling of cluster of differentiation 68-positive (CD68+) cells and cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) cells in human periodontal tissues (periodontitis vs. healthy controls); Murine experimental periodontitis induced by maxillary molar ligation (8-week model); In vitro mechanistic studies where THP-1 monocytes (human acute monocytic …

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Moderate Heating Of Waterline Improves Dental Unit Water Quality By Activating Bactericidal Properties Of Tap Water, Kunihiro Fushimi, Masahiro Yamada, Jun Watanabe, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Hiroshi Egusa Jan 2026

Moderate Heating Of Waterline Improves Dental Unit Water Quality By Activating Bactericidal Properties Of Tap Water, Kunihiro Fushimi, Masahiro Yamada, Jun Watanabe, Jumpei Washio, Nobuhiro Takahashi, Hiroshi Egusa

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Daily flushing of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) with fresh tap water for an adequate duration each morning before dental procedures is essential to prevent healthcare-associated infections. However, the bacterial reduction achieved by flushing alone is often temporary and may be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management practices of clinically used DUWLs and identify effective measures for improving water quality. Materials and methods The bactericidal free residual chlorine concentration (FRCC) and heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) in air turbine handpiece DUWLs with or without chemical disinfectants and/or heating apparatus were evaluated before and after flushing, based …

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Correlation Between Dental Amalgam Fillings And Urinary Mercury Levels In The Jordanian Population: A Comparative Population-Based Study, Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat Jan 2026

Correlation Between Dental Amalgam Fillings And Urinary Mercury Levels In The Jordanian Population: A Comparative Population-Based Study, Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The health risks of mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings remain controversial. Urinary mercury levels are used as a tool to assess mercury exposure toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of dental amalgam fillings on urinary mercury levels in the Jordanian population. Materials and methods This study recruited an experimental group of 108 participants with dental amalgam fillings and control group of 109 participants without dental amalgam fillings. Urinary mercury levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase in urinary mercury concentration in participants with dental amalgam fillings compared …

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The Roles Of Cd24-Sec14 Like Lipid Binding 2 (Sec14l2) Axis In The Neoplastic Progression Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Shi-Rou Chang, Chung-Hsien Chou, Chung-Ji Liu, Kuo-Wei Chang, Jian-Hua Pan, Sheng-Lin Yen, Shu-Chun Lin Jan 2026

The Roles Of Cd24-Sec14 Like Lipid Binding 2 (Sec14l2) Axis In The Neoplastic Progression Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas, Shi-Rou Chang, Chung-Hsien Chou, Chung-Ji Liu, Kuo-Wei Chang, Jian-Hua Pan, Sheng-Lin Yen, Shu-Chun Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Immune stimulation or escape are critical factors determining the survival of malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head and neck SCC (HNSCC). CD24 (CD24A in mice) is a glycoprotein anchored to cell membranes, modulating macrophages' immune responses, cell interaction, tumorigenesis, and stemness. However, its roles in the OSCC pathogenesis are still controversial. The modulation of CD24 on the oncogenicity and immunity of OSCC were investigated in this study. Materials and methods Knockdown approaches and the establishment of stable tet-off CD24 expression cell subclones were used in cell and mouse models for phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis. Bioinformatic assessments …

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Validation Of The Vietnamese Version Of The Patient's Denture Assessment Questionnaire In Complete Denture Wearers, Trang Ngoc Huyen Bui, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Van Thi Thao Nguyen, Yuriko Komagamine, Manabu Kanazawa, Chi-Fen Chang, I-Ta Lee, Pao-Chang Chiang Jan 2026

Validation Of The Vietnamese Version Of The Patient's Denture Assessment Questionnaire In Complete Denture Wearers, Trang Ngoc Huyen Bui, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Van Thi Thao Nguyen, Yuriko Komagamine, Manabu Kanazawa, Chi-Fen Chang, I-Ta Lee, Pao-Chang Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The patient's denture assessment (PDA) is a standardized self-reported questionnaire developed in Japan to evaluate patient satisfaction with complete dentures. Although it has been validated in multiple languages, no validated version existed for the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the PDA (PDA-V) in a clinical sample of complete denture wearers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 200 complete denture wearers in a public dental hospital in Vietnam. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 120 participants after …

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Zygomatic Fracture Characteristics And Their Association With Brain Injury: Evidences From A 10-Year Retrospective Study In Northern Taiwan, Wei-Che Tai, Chen-Yin Yong, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Yoichi Ohiro, Chih-Yuan Fang Jan 2026

Zygomatic Fracture Characteristics And Their Association With Brain Injury: Evidences From A 10-Year Retrospective Study In Northern Taiwan, Wei-Che Tai, Chen-Yin Yong, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Yoichi Ohiro, Chih-Yuan Fang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Few studies have systematically examined the relationship between zygomatic fracture patterns or patient demographics and head injury. This study investigates the epidemiology of zygomatic fractures, their association with brain injury, and the influence of patient age, focusing on fracture classification and injury mechanisms. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 272 patients with zygomatic fractures treated between 2012 and 2021 at a medical center in northern Taiwan was conducted. Fractures were classified using the Zingg system. Clinical data including age, injury etiology, concomitant injuries, and brain injury were analyzed. Statistical methods included chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic …

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Measurement Of Predictive Validity Of Admission Criteria Used By Public Dental Colleges In Pakistan. Time To Reconsider, Shahid Akhtar Akhund Jan 2026

Measurement Of Predictive Validity Of Admission Criteria Used By Public Dental Colleges In Pakistan. Time To Reconsider, Shahid Akhtar Akhund

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Dentistry education evolved from treating painful teeth to comprehensive oral care program. Oral health is an integral component of general healthcare. Like medical institutes, dental institutes have introduced admission tests as a component of selection criteria. However, various selection criteria components are not investigated for their predictive validity. This study aimed to measure the predictive value of selection criteria used in Pakistani dental colleges. This study provides recommendations for revision of weightings of admission criteria. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, quantitative and longitudinal cohort study. Deidentified data from a public dental college of Pakistan were analyzed. The …

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A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Comparison Of Mandibular Molars Between Han Chinese And Malays, Jacob John, Wei Cheong Ngeow, Ting-Chun Shen, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Yen-Wen Shen, Jui-Ting Hsu Jan 2026

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Comparison Of Mandibular Molars Between Han Chinese And Malays, Jacob John, Wei Cheong Ngeow, Ting-Chun Shen, Lih-Jyh Fuh, Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Yen-Wen Shen, Jui-Ting Hsu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Variations in tooth and mandibular morphometry exist among ethnic groups and may have clinical and anthropological implications. This study compared the tooth length and root-to-crown ratio (RCR) of mandibular first (M1) and second (M2) molars in Han Chinese and Malays, and assessed the root length relative to mandibular height (Root-Mandible Ratio @ R: Mand). Materials and methods One hundred twenty-one cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were included. Relevant measurements were made using the CBCT software to obtain anatomical and clinical crown and root lengths. The measurements of the mesial and distal roots were averaged and used to calculate the …

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Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta In Taiwan, Kun-Jung Hsu, Han-Sheng Chen, Chun-Ming Chen, Yu-Chuan Tseng, I-Chin Lin Jan 2026

Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta In Taiwan, Kun-Jung Hsu, Han-Sheng Chen, Chun-Ming Chen, Yu-Chuan Tseng, I-Chin Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone and dental structures, often reducing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Maintaining OHRQoL in individuals with OI depends greatly on their dental conditions. Thus, this study identified key dental factors associated with OHRQoL in this population. Materials and methods Thirty-seven patients with OI participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, oral habits, self-perceived oral health, and OHRQoL. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate dental status. Associations between dental variables and OHRQoL were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. …

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Ovatodiolide Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance In Head And Neck Cancer By Disrupting A Novel Oncogenic Signature And Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation, Chi-Hsueh Yang, Rachel Raditya Renantha, Po-Chih Hsu, Alexander Th. Wu, Szu-Yuan Wu, Nur Azizah, Ritmaleni Ritmaleni, Jia-Hong Chen, Jih-Chin Lee, Chih-Yuan Fang, Kuan-Chou Lin Jan 2026

Ovatodiolide Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance In Head And Neck Cancer By Disrupting A Novel Oncogenic Signature And Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation, Chi-Hsueh Yang, Rachel Raditya Renantha, Po-Chih Hsu, Alexander Th. Wu, Szu-Yuan Wu, Nur Azizah, Ritmaleni Ritmaleni, Jia-Hong Chen, Jih-Chin Lee, Chih-Yuan Fang, Kuan-Chou Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Malignant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer with complex tumor microenvironment interactions. We aimed to identify key molecular drivers and therapeutic targets using bioinformatics approaches and examine their associations with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Materials and methods We analyzed three HNSCC transcriptomic datasets using bioinformatics. Protein–protein interaction networks were created using STRING, and pathway enrichment was also performed. The clinical relevance and CAF association of genes were evaluated using the TCGA HNSCC cohort and TIMER 2.0. Molecular docking predicted ovatodiolide binding to target proteins. Bioinformatics findings were validated in HNSCC cell lines and normal fibroblasts …

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of Bone Regeneration Induced By Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Around Implants In An Osteoporotic Rat Model, Mefina Kuntjoro, Nike Hendrijantini, Michael Josef Kridanto Kamadjaja, Bambang Agustono Satmoko Tumali, Jennifer Widjaja, Eric Prasetyo, Guang Hong Jan 2026

Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of Bone Regeneration Induced By Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Around Implants In An Osteoporotic Rat Model, Mefina Kuntjoro, Nike Hendrijantini, Michael Josef Kridanto Kamadjaja, Bambang Agustono Satmoko Tumali, Jennifer Widjaja, Eric Prasetyo, Guang Hong

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Osteoporosis in the jawbone can compromise the success of dental implant treatment. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have demonstrated osteogenic differentiation potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hUCMSC induction on implant osseointegration in an osteoporotic animal model. Materials and methods Twenty-eight osteoporotic female Wistar rats were divided into control and hUCMSC-induced groups and observed at 2 and 4 weeks. The treatment group received hUCMSC injections into the implant area of the femur osteoporotic model. Specimens were stained using immunohistochemical and haematoxylin and eosin techniques to assess osteogenic marker expression. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis …

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Novel Mmp20 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 20) Mutations Causing Hypoplastic-Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Shih-Kai Wang, Hong Zhang, Hua-Chieh Lin, Yin-Lin Wang, J. Timothy Wright, John Bartlett, James Simmer, Jan Hu Jan 2026

Novel Mmp20 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 20) Mutations Causing Hypoplastic-Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Shih-Kai Wang, Hong Zhang, Hua-Chieh Lin, Yin-Lin Wang, J. Timothy Wright, John Bartlett, James Simmer, Jan Hu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) is a proteinase essential for dental enamel formation. Mutations in human MMP20 cause autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), characterized by thin and soft enamel. This study aimed to unravel the genetic causes for five families with hypoplastic-hypomaturation AI. Materials and methods Whole-exome analyses and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify and confirm disease-causing mutations. To evaluate the pathogenicity of identified MMP20 missense variants, immunoblotting and gelatin zymography were conducted on proteins overexpressed in HEK293T cells. Results All affected individuals from the five families exhibited similar dental phenotypes, including chalky-white to yellow-brown discolorations and evident dental …

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Evaluation Of Poly-Ε-Caprolactone/Graphene Oxide Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds For Potential Application In Alveolar Bone Repair, Yung-Kang Shen, Huei-Yu Huang, Jowy Tani, Hsuan Chen, Silvia Anitasari, Hendrik Budi, Wei-Chun Lin Jan 2026

Evaluation Of Poly-Ε-Caprolactone/Graphene Oxide Three-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds For Potential Application In Alveolar Bone Repair, Yung-Kang Shen, Huei-Yu Huang, Jowy Tani, Hsuan Chen, Silvia Anitasari, Hendrik Budi, Wei-Chun Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Alveolar bone reconstruction or regeneration demands the interim porous scaffold. It possesses adequate mechanical properties to enable it to withstand injured bones. These scaffolds are used to regulate the cell growth that migrate from surrounding tissue or are implanted within porous scaffold. This study is devoted to the manufacturing of 3D porous scaffolds and application on repair and regeneration of alveolar bone. Materials and methods Graphene oxide (GO) was mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) material to fabricate 3D porous scaffolds by a solvent-casting/particulate-leaching method. The effects of various concentrations of GO (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.%) in PCL/GO …

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Evaluating Thymol Vapor For Biofilm Removal And Biocompatibility In Curved Root Canal Models In Vitro, Maria Paulene Dee Manuel, Yin-Hwa Shih, Shih-Min Hsia, Tong-Hong Wang, Yu-Hsin Tseng, Ming-Gene Tu, Tzong-Ming Shieh Jan 2026

Evaluating Thymol Vapor For Biofilm Removal And Biocompatibility In Curved Root Canal Models In Vitro, Maria Paulene Dee Manuel, Yin-Hwa Shih, Shih-Min Hsia, Tong-Hong Wang, Yu-Hsin Tseng, Ming-Gene Tu, Tzong-Ming Shieh

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Conventional irrigants such as chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite have strong antimicrobial properties but high cytotoxicity, limiting their use in regenerative endodontics. We hypothesized that thymol vapor could provide effective antibacterial activity with lower cytotoxicity. Materials and methods The antimicrobial activity of thymol in both liquid and vapor phases was tested against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using a resin block model simulating curved root canals. The effect of thymol vapor, alone or with mechanical instrumentation, was tested on early-stage biofilms removal. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assays in L-929 fibroblasts and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokine …

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Prevalence Of Second Mesiobuccal Canal In Maxillary First And Second Molar Detected Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography In The Han Population: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jaan-Yih Wu, Ho-Sheng Chiang, Yi-Jie Chen, Zi-Jun Dai, Yen-Ching Chao, Hsu-Hua Chu, Yi-Shing Shieh, Yu-Chiao Wu Jan 2026

Prevalence Of Second Mesiobuccal Canal In Maxillary First And Second Molar Detected Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography In The Han Population: A Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Jaan-Yih Wu, Ho-Sheng Chiang, Yi-Jie Chen, Zi-Jun Dai, Yen-Ching Chao, Hsu-Hua Chu, Yi-Shing Shieh, Yu-Chiao Wu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose A thorough understanding of root canal morphology, particularly the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal, is crucial for successful endodontic treatment of maxillary molars. The prevalence of MB2 shows ethnic variability, and this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing CBCT-based studies to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in the Han population. Materials and methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ClinicalKey were searched through 17th August 2025. Studies reporting MB2 prevalence in permanent maxillary …

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Critical Factors To Ensure Stable Occlusion In Class Iii Patients Following Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment, Hung-Ying Lin, Sung-Pu Yang, Zwei-Chieng Chang, Chung-Chen Yao, Sang-Heng Kok, Yi-Jane Chen Jan 2026

Critical Factors To Ensure Stable Occlusion In Class Iii Patients Following Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment, Hung-Ying Lin, Sung-Pu Yang, Zwei-Chieng Chang, Chung-Chen Yao, Sang-Heng Kok, Yi-Jane Chen

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Achieving coordination between maxillary and mandibular arches is critical for establishing stable occlusion. This study evaluated posterior occlusal intercupation and identified predictive factors for normal posterior buccal overjet in skeletal Class III patients following surgical-orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 51 Class III patients (24 males, 27 females) who underwent bimaxillary surgery and orthodontic treatment. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained at three time points: pre-treatment (T0), pre-surgery (T1), and post-treatment (T2). Maxillary transverse discrepancies and buccolingual inclinations of maxillary and mandibular molars were assessed using Amira® 3D Pro software. Patients were categorized …

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Comparison Of Image Quality, Color Accuracy, And Resolution In Intraoral Photography Using Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera And Smartphone Cameras: A Pilot Study, Saif Momin, Hasan Sarfaraz, Karthik Sengottuvel, Rajesh Shetty, Sazia Amreen, Mallika Shetty Jan 2026

Comparison Of Image Quality, Color Accuracy, And Resolution In Intraoral Photography Using Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera And Smartphone Cameras: A Pilot Study, Saif Momin, Hasan Sarfaraz, Karthik Sengottuvel, Rajesh Shetty, Sazia Amreen, Mallika Shetty

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Dental photography plays a key role in diagnosis, documentation, and communication in the field of dentistry. The digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are the gold standard for image quality, but advances in modern smartphone technology necessitate evaluating their performance in resolution, distortion, magnification, color accuracy, and overall image quality. The purpose of this study was to compare DSLR cameras and smartphone cameras regarding resolution, distortion, magnification, color accuracy, and overall image quality in intra- and extraoral dental photography. Materials and methods A Nikon Z5 full-frame DSLR with a 105 mm macro lens and twin flash (control) was compared with …

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Impact Of Orthodontic Treatment On Masticatory Muscle Electromyographic Patterns In Patients With Anterior Crossbite, Yi-Mien Cheng, Yueh-Ling Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Yuan-Hou Chen, Jian-Hong Yu Jan 2026

Impact Of Orthodontic Treatment On Masticatory Muscle Electromyographic Patterns In Patients With Anterior Crossbite, Yi-Mien Cheng, Yueh-Ling Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Yuan-Hou Chen, Jian-Hong Yu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Anterior crossbite affects facial aesthetics and may cause temporomandibular joint disorders and masticatory muscle dysfunction. Prolonged abnormal bite positioning may impact muscle activity and affect treatment stability. Although orthodontic therapy aims to realign teeth and correct bite relationships, the neuromuscular adaptations following treatment remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the changes in masticatory muscle activity before and after orthodontic treatment in patients with anterior crossbite using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods 41 participants were recruited and divided into 3 groups: normal occlusion (n = 18), anterior crossbite without treatment (control, n = 6), and anterior crossbite with …

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Biocompatibility And Cytotoxic Effects Of Myofunctional Appliance Materials On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts, Tsui-Hsien Huang, Tso-Hsun Yang, Chuan-Yi Kao, Chun-Te Ho, Peerapong Santiwong, Chia-Tze Kao Jan 2026

Biocompatibility And Cytotoxic Effects Of Myofunctional Appliance Materials On Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts, Tsui-Hsien Huang, Tso-Hsun Yang, Chuan-Yi Kao, Chun-Te Ho, Peerapong Santiwong, Chia-Tze Kao

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Prefabricated myofunctional devices are widely used in children's dentistry and early orthodontics. This study investigated the effects of materials used in myofunctional appliances on the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs), inflammatory responses, and bone remodeling under simulated oral conditions. The focus was on biocompatibility and cytotoxicity to ensure safety in clinical applications. Materials and methods Four materials—EF Line (EF), ProOrtho (PO), Myobrace (MB), and Invisalign (IV)—were tested under conditions with and without artificial saliva (AS). HPLFs were cultured and exposed to eluates from these materials for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was measured using the …

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Assessment Of Osseointegration Mechanisms In A Novel Zirconia Implant: From Experimental Insights To Clinical Comparison, Hung-Ying Lin, Yu-Ting Li, Ju-Hsuan Yang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hao-Hueng Chang, Chun-Pin Lin Jan 2026

Assessment Of Osseointegration Mechanisms In A Novel Zirconia Implant: From Experimental Insights To Clinical Comparison, Hung-Ying Lin, Yu-Ting Li, Ju-Hsuan Yang, Cheng-Han Chou, Hao-Hueng Chang, Chun-Pin Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Zirconia has been proposed as a substitutive material for the next generation of implants. This study aimed to evaluate the osseointegration of a newly developed zirconia implant and compare its clinical parameters with titanium implants. Materials and methods Beagle dog animal model were used for evaluation of two groups of zirconia implants, with one group subjected to a newly developed sandblasting surface treatment technique and the other using a commercially available zirconia implant. The implants were randomly placed in bilateral edentulous mandibular sites and evaluated at 4, 9, and 13 weeks. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio was calculated and …

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Oral And Fecal Microbiota In Oral Lichen Planus And Xerostomia Patients: A Preliminary Study, Guan-Tiing Huang, Yu-Feng Huang Jan 2026

Oral And Fecal Microbiota In Oral Lichen Planus And Xerostomia Patients: A Preliminary Study, Guan-Tiing Huang, Yu-Feng Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The human microbiota constitutes a dynamic community of microorganisms inhabiting the body, with the gut and oral microbiotas being the most prominent. Previous studies have shown associations between oral microbiota disruption and various oral and systemic diseases, along with the involvement of the oral–gut microbiome axis. However, further investigation into the relationship between common oral conditions and microbiota changes remains needed. This study hypothesized that the distinct immune environments in oral lichen planus (OLP) and xerostomia patients result in recognizable microbiota compositions, with additional evaluation of fecal microbiota to explore the oral–gut axis. Materials and methods Gingival and fecal …

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Development Of Bio-Compatible Isosorbide-Based Polyurethanes Exhibiting Eucalyptol Solubility For Advanced Root Canal Filling Applications, Yuen-Shan Tsai, Sheng-Wun Huang, Yin-Lin Wang, Shu-Fang Chang, Chun-Pin Lin Jan 2026

Development Of Bio-Compatible Isosorbide-Based Polyurethanes Exhibiting Eucalyptol Solubility For Advanced Root Canal Filling Applications, Yuen-Shan Tsai, Sheng-Wun Huang, Yin-Lin Wang, Shu-Fang Chang, Chun-Pin Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Gutta-percha (GP) has long been the standard root canal filling material, but its poor removability, limited mechanical properties, and potential cytotoxicity restrict clinical performance. To address these shortcomings, this study aimed to develop bio-based D-isosorbide thermoplastic polyurethanes (IPUs) with improved removability in eucalyptol oil, superior mechanical performance, and enhanced cytocompatibility, providing a potential alternative to GP. Materials and methods D-isosorbide-based IPUs were synthesized from polycarbonate polyol and D-isosorbide via catalyst-free, two-step polymerization. Four formulations with different hard segment contents (HS10–HS40) were prepared and evaluated for thermal stability (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), mechanical properties (tensile testing), solubility in …

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