Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2026

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 811 - 840 of 23856

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Quest That Mints Nothing: Software-Generated Real-World Volunteer Task Sequences Drawn Only From Existing Need Registries, With No Completion Rewards, Compensation-Free Help Requests, Delayed Mediated Acknowledgment And Alarm-Triggered Drone Witnesses Without Patrol, Thon Ly Oct 2026

The Quest That Mints Nothing: Software-Generated Real-World Volunteer Task Sequences Drawn Only From Existing Need Registries, With No Completion Rewards, Compensation-Free Help Requests, Delayed Mediated Acknowledgment And Alarm-Triggered Drone Witnesses Without Patrol, Thon Ly

Defensive Publications Series

We specify a software agent that generates multi-step, real-world volunteer activity sequences for an individual or household exclusively by selecting, ordering and narrating entries already present in community need registries: posted help requests, commons sites awaiting care, pending gift deliveries, and contacts the household itself has named. The sequence data structure has no operation that creates a task; each task is a reference to a live registry entry, re-checked when it begins, and the operator authors no entry. Completing a task confers no points, badges, currency or reputation; the only reward is acknowledgment the beneficiary chooses to send through the …


Exploring The Effects Of A Five-Week Structured Exercise Program On Adolescents With Physician-Diagnosed Asthma, Christopher Byles Oct 2026

Exploring The Effects Of A Five-Week Structured Exercise Program On Adolescents With Physician-Diagnosed Asthma, Christopher Byles

Doctorate in Kinesiology

Asthma, a prevalent chronic disease among adolescents, poses challenges for healthcare providers and exercise professionals seeking evidence-based methods to improve health outcomes. Despite the established importance of structured exercise for managing asthma, limited research has examined its effects on adolescents with asthma in community-based settings. This exploratory study evaluated changes in lung function, asthma control, exercise capacity, and quality of life among adolescents with physician-diagnosed asthma following participation in a 5-week, supervised, community-based structured exercise program delivered in two formats: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT). Five participants, adolescents aged 12-17 with physician-diagnosed asthma, were included in …


Children From Six Cultures Reliably Help Their Peers-But In Different Ways, Henriette Zeidler, Marie Schäfer, Esther Herrmann, Patricia Kanngiesser, Luke Maurits, Daniel Haun, Michael Tomasello Oct 2026

Children From Six Cultures Reliably Help Their Peers-But In Different Ways, Henriette Zeidler, Marie Schäfer, Esther Herrmann, Patricia Kanngiesser, Luke Maurits, Daniel Haun, Michael Tomasello

School of Psychology

Helping others is an integral part of human sociality, but systematic cross-cultural comparisons of children's helping behavior are rare. Existing work has mainly focused on interactions between adults and children, paying less attention to peer dynamics-which are more relevant in many cultural settings. Here, we report a study of 4- to 9-y-old children's (N = 336) spontaneous helping in 6 highly diverse populations in Latin America, Africa, and Europe (Wichí, Quechua, ≠Akhoe Hai||om, Samburu, Kikuyu, and Germans). In all settings, we observed pairs of same-aged children in an experimental task in which one partner could assist the other by providing …


October 2026 Faculty Senate Packet, University Of Nebraska At Kearney Faculty Senate Oct 2026

October 2026 Faculty Senate Packet, University Of Nebraska At Kearney Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Packets

No abstract provided.


The Ethics Of Relying On Research Participants’ Altruism, Alex Voorhoeve, Aaron Eli Segal, David Wendler Oct 2026

The Ethics Of Relying On Research Participants’ Altruism, Alex Voorhoeve, Aaron Eli Segal, David Wendler

Faculty and Staff Publications

We examine the ethics of enrolling individuals in research that poses net health risks by appealing to their altruism. We argue that it is permissible to enroll individuals who are motivated by altruism when (i) they autonomously consent; and (ii) the net health risks are outweighed by the combination of (ii-a) the extent to which participation furthers their considered aims and thereby contributes to their wellbeing and agency and (ii-b) the study’s social value. Further, it is permissible to enroll altruistic individuals who cannot consent when: (I) their surrogate consents and they assent, ideally because it furthers their aims; and …


Development Of An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study To Identify Real-Time Predictors Of Physical Activity Among Older People With Hiv: Protocol For A 2-Phase Mixed Methods Study, Dan Song, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Tuzhen Xu, Yijiong Yang, Jing Wang Oct 2026

Development Of An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study To Identify Real-Time Predictors Of Physical Activity Among Older People With Hiv: Protocol For A 2-Phase Mixed Methods Study, Dan Song, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Tuzhen Xu, Yijiong Yang, Jing Wang

Individual Open Access Articles

Background: People with HIV are aging rapidly and face accelerated aging-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment, due to prolonged HIV-associated inflammation. Physical activity (PA) is a well-established intervention to mitigate these risks; yet, most older people with HIV remain sedentary. Despite considerable efforts to understand PA determinants and design interventions for people with HIV, outcomes have been suboptimal.

Objective: The overarching goal of this project is to use an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach to capture ecologically valid relationships between the personal experiences of older people with HIV and PA, as they engage in their normal daily activities. …


A Pilot Study Of An 8-Week, Group-Based, Chakra-Informed Kundalini Yoga Intervention For Adolescents And Young Adults With Diabetes: Feasibility, Youth Outcomes, And Caregiver Distress, Ashley M. Lekach, Debra Guss, Jason Chua, Ray B. Gannon Oct 2026

A Pilot Study Of An 8-Week, Group-Based, Chakra-Informed Kundalini Yoga Intervention For Adolescents And Young Adults With Diabetes: Feasibility, Youth Outcomes, And Caregiver Distress, Ashley M. Lekach, Debra Guss, Jason Chua, Ray B. Gannon

Individual Open Access Articles

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with diabetes experience significant biopsychosocial burden linked to hormonal shifts, HPA‑axis dysregulation, autonomic imbalance, metainflammation, and socio‑emotional stress, with heightened challenges among marginalized populations and those with “double diabetes.” This pilot evaluated the feasibility of an eight‑week integrative, chakra‑informed yoga program for AYA with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and included caregiver assessments to explore preliminary multidomain outcomes.

Objective: To assess feasibility and explore preliminary psychological, physiological, relational, and biomarker changes following a developmentally attuned Kundalini yoga program for AYA with diabetes and their caregivers.

Methods: A prospective, single‑arm pilot delivered weekly 90‑minute …


From Model To Mastery: High-Fidelity Cricothyrotomy Simulation With A 3d-Printed And Biological Tissue Model, Lauren E. Schlegel, Sruti Tekumalla, Sara Belko, Aarti Agarwal, Eva Varotsis, Julianna Rodin, Robert Pugliese, Morgan Hutchinson, Richard Goldman Oct 2026

From Model To Mastery: High-Fidelity Cricothyrotomy Simulation With A 3d-Printed And Biological Tissue Model, Lauren E. Schlegel, Sruti Tekumalla, Sara Belko, Aarti Agarwal, Eva Varotsis, Julianna Rodin, Robert Pugliese, Morgan Hutchinson, Richard Goldman

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Objective

Emergency cricothyroidotomy is a rare procedure utilized in the setting of patients who cannot be oxygenated or intubated. To enhance training in this critical skill, we developed and validated an immersive, high‐fidelity task trainer that integrates a 3D‐printed airway model with a porcine soft‐tissue layer, and we assessed its impact during simulation‐based training sessions.

Study Design

Observational.

Setting

Single institution (16 otolaryngology and 30 emergency medicine trainees).

Methods

Our trainer consisted of an accurate 3D‐printed airway model and neck incorporating anatomical structures and a biological soft‐tissue layer. A survey was administered before and after the simulation. The simulations were …


The Role Of Organizational Passion In Reducing Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Field Study At The College Of Administration And Economics, University Of Fallujah, Mustafa Amjed Ibrahim, Zaid Khawam Mahmood, Wael Ismail Khalaf Oct 2026

The Role Of Organizational Passion In Reducing Counterproductive Work Behavior: A Field Study At The College Of Administration And Economics, University Of Fallujah, Mustafa Amjed Ibrahim, Zaid Khawam Mahmood, Wael Ismail Khalaf

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This research aims to analyze the role of organizational passion in reducing negative work behavior among employees at the College of Administration and Economics, University of Fallujah. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. For data analysis, the researchers used (Smart PLS v.4) and (SPSS 28 The research community included 127 individuals, but the research sample was made up of 104 college members, and when the questionnaire was distributed the exact number retrieved was 97. The research concluded that there is a strong and statistically significant relationship between organizational passion and negative …


The Impact Of Inclusive Leadership On The Quality Of Banking Services An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Private Bank Employees In Iraq, Kamal Kadhim Al-Hassani, Iltifat Abdullah Touma Oct 2026

The Impact Of Inclusive Leadership On The Quality Of Banking Services An Analytical Study Of A Sample Of Private Bank Employees In Iraq, Kamal Kadhim Al-Hassani, Iltifat Abdullah Touma

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

This study aims to explore the relationship between inclusive leadership and banking service quality in the Iraqi private banking sector. The study adopted a descriptive–analytical approach, and data were collected through questionnaires distributed to (280) employees working in private banks in Iraq. The questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed using the AMOS program to analyze the data and test the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. The results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between inclusive leadership and banking service quality, reflecting the vital role of comprehensive and supportive …


A Seven-Year Reflection On Confidence Building And The Evolving Needs Of Pharmacy Residency Applicants, Hindu Rao, Neeloufar Fakourfar Oct 2026

A Seven-Year Reflection On Confidence Building And The Evolving Needs Of Pharmacy Residency Applicants, Hindu Rao, Neeloufar Fakourfar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Purpose

The needs of pharmacy students applying for postgraduate training may be changing over time. Residency preparation has traditionally focused on application logistics, which can overlook the confidence and stress-related struggles that some recent pharmacy students have.

Description

Over a seven-year period (2019–2026), we implemented a three-part longitudinal residency preparation workshop at a single institution. Pre-survey data from 225 students and post-survey data from 135 students (98 matched pairs) were categorized into an Early Cohort (2019–2022) and a Recent Cohort (2023–2026) to assess perceived barriers and self-reported confidence with the application process. For the Recent Cohort, we added confidence-building exercises …


The Virtual Clinical Training Center: New Frontiers In Telemental Health Training, Rodney E. Harris, Loriann S. Stretch, Susan J. Foster, Katie Kesterson Oct 2026

The Virtual Clinical Training Center: New Frontiers In Telemental Health Training, Rodney E. Harris, Loriann S. Stretch, Susan J. Foster, Katie Kesterson

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

Telebehavioral health has become an essential competency for counselors, yet counselor education programs often have limited structures for supervised telehealth clinical training. This article describes the Virtual Clinical Training Center (VCTC), a three-tiered model developed within an online counselor education program to prepare counselors in training and doctoral supervisors in training while expanding access to counseling in medically underserved communities. Tier I offers synchronous skills-based live labs and examination review, Tier II provides peer role-play practice, and Tier III places fieldwork students with community partners to deliver supervised telebehavioral counseling. We describe the application and training process, tiered supervision, partnership …


The Transcendent Unity Of Religions, Frithjof Schuon Oct 2026

The Transcendent Unity Of Religions, Frithjof Schuon

Hannah Arendt Marginalia - All

New York : Pantheon, ©1953.

Call #: BL51 .S4643

Contains underlining and marginal lining

PDF information: 67 pages - 29.6 MB


Curating The Liberal Arts: High-Impact Approaches To Teaching Medical Humanities In The Archives, Alyssa Culp, Liz Bloodworth Oct 2026

Curating The Liberal Arts: High-Impact Approaches To Teaching Medical Humanities In The Archives, Alyssa Culp, Liz Bloodworth

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This article emphasizes high-impact practices in the archives and encourages instructors and archivists to use prolonged collaboration as a way to teach digital learners analog thinking. The digital and physical exhibits we discuss were designed to model liberal arts thinking and curate experiential learning opportunities that led students to make connections between artifacts and lived experiences. Our case study focuses on one course developed with sustained archival interaction, which demonstrates an effective use of archives for promoting active learning through direct engagement with primary source materials in a liberal arts environment and thereby serves as an example of partnership for …


Designing For Who Actually Shows Up: A Signal Framework For Online Adult Learners In Cybersecurity And Information Technology, Chad Whistle, Mayyada Al-Hammoshi Oct 2026

Designing For Who Actually Shows Up: A Signal Framework For Online Adult Learners In Cybersecurity And Information Technology, Chad Whistle, Mayyada Al-Hammoshi

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Online adult learners pursuing cybersecurity and information technology credentials represent one of the fastest-growing student populations in American higher education, yet the frameworks institutions use to support their success were not designed for them. This population, disproportionately drawn from the 41.9 million Americans who hold some college credit but no credential, arrives workforce-embedded, time-constrained, and skeptical of institutional systems that previously failed to serve them. Existing persistence models grounded in traditional student integration theory inadequately account for the behavioral patterns, motivational structures, and credential expectations that define this learner. This paper proposes the SIGNAL Framework (Skills-based credential architecture, Integrated AI-informed …


Hospital Falls In Hybrid Virtual Nursing Models: A Need For Future Health Outcomes Research, Lindsay E. Colby Oct 2026

Hospital Falls In Hybrid Virtual Nursing Models: A Need For Future Health Outcomes Research, Lindsay E. Colby

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background and Purpose: Hospital falls are a global health concern with adverse implications for patients’ health-related quality of life. As a nurse-sensitive indicator, hospital falls reflect the quality and safety of the healthcare system. Hybrid virtual nursing, an emerging care delivery model, utilizes digital telehealth technologies and combines in-person nursing care with remote care. There is a dearth of literature related to the impact of hybrid virtual nursing on hospital falls.

The purpose of this poster is to: explore health outcomes measures and data sources related to hospital falls; review literature related to hospital falls in hybrid virtual nursing models. …


Going Organic: Capturing The Patient Voice To Inform Patient-Driven Interventions And Outcomes, Wendy R. Trueblood Miller Oct 2026

Going Organic: Capturing The Patient Voice To Inform Patient-Driven Interventions And Outcomes, Wendy R. Trueblood Miller

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

This presentation describes a novel approach for embedding the organic patient voice into intervention design through analysis of patient-generated data. By leveraging social media and other naturally occurring narratives, this method captures patient identified concerns authentically, revealing priorities often missed by traditional approaches. Examples from epilepsy and other chronic conditions demonstrate how this work informs scalable, patient driven self management tools and outcomes.


Theory Generation And Research: The International Impact On Families’ And Nurses’ Mental Health, Karen J. Foli Oct 2026

Theory Generation And Research: The International Impact On Families’ And Nurses’ Mental Health, Karen J. Foli

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

This special session will focus on Dr. Karen J. Foli’s two decades of research, based on her mental health-focused nursing theories. A brief overview of her theories, the middle-range theory of parental postadoption depression and the middle-range theory of nurses’ psychological trauma, will be offered. Select studies from her research trajectories as well as the link between theory and empirical studies will be emphasized. Last, the international impact of her work will be illustrated.


Mothers And Infants In Multiple Pregnancy And Birth, Li-Yin Chien Oct 2026

Mothers And Infants In Multiple Pregnancy And Birth, Li-Yin Chien

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: ART-driven multiple births create unique health challenges.

Purpose: This research examines family trajectories, focusing on offspring health and maternal well-being.

Methods: Mixed-methods using national databases and a longitudinal maternal study.

Results: Multiples face higher risks of heart defects and cancer. Maternal depression peaks postpartum, driven by stress and declining support.

Conclusion: Specialized care and SET promotion are vital for family outcomes.


Accelerating Nursing Science With Ai: Promise, Risk, And The Path Forward, Maxim Topaz Oct 2026

Accelerating Nursing Science With Ai: Promise, Risk, And The Path Forward, Maxim Topaz

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

AI is transforming nursing at unprecedented speed, but our institutions lack safeguards to match. This Hall of Fame address presents five projects spanning bibliometric analysis, living systematic reviews, multimodal clinical AI, fabricated citation detection, and clinical deskilling. Actionable frameworks for preserving clinical competence are presented.


Daniel Newberg V. Pennsylvania Department Of Corrections Oct 2026

Daniel Newberg V. Pennsylvania Department Of Corrections

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania


The Evolving Wildfire Crisis: The Need To Adapt Statewide Extension Efforts To Address Diverse Challenges, Alison L. Deak, Kathryn E. Low, Luca Carmignani, Ryan E. Tompkins, Barbara Satink Wolfson Oct 2026

The Evolving Wildfire Crisis: The Need To Adapt Statewide Extension Efforts To Address Diverse Challenges, Alison L. Deak, Kathryn E. Low, Luca Carmignani, Ryan E. Tompkins, Barbara Satink Wolfson

Journal of Extension

There are many factors that contribute to wildfire preparedness in California. Although effective wildfire preparedness requires tailored regional approaches, it is crucial to understand how statewide Extension programs can address shared challenges while augmenting region-specific strategies. For the University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Fire Network to meet the growing demands for fire-related Extension programming, a team of advisors surveyed California residents to refine the goals of our Extension programs. Survey results highlight key gaps in fire-related Extension education that residents in California and beyond need to reduce their wildfire risk.


Environmental And Professional Influences On Social Participation In Community Recreation In The Niagara Region Of Ontario, Canada: A Secondary Qualitative Analysis With Implications For Autism-Supportive Practice, Budor H. Saigh, Shuaa A. Mutawally Oct 2026

Environmental And Professional Influences On Social Participation In Community Recreation In The Niagara Region Of Ontario, Canada: A Secondary Qualitative Analysis With Implications For Autism-Supportive Practice, Budor H. Saigh, Shuaa A. Mutawally

Journal of Medical Rehabilitation Science

Background: Meaningful participation in community recreation depends on more than physical accessibility. Environmental usability, activity structure, peer opportunities, and the manner in which professional support is provided may also be associated with opportunities for social participation among children with diverse developmental and support needs.
Objective: This secondary qualitative analysis examined how environmental and professional characteristics were represented in relation to opportunities for social participation across community recreational settings in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada. A secondary objective was to consider the potential relevance of these findings to autism-supportive recreational practice.
Methods: The analysis revisited selected qualitative materials originating from …


Do Research Day Program 2026, Lincoln Memorial University, Debusk College Of Osteopathic Medicine Oct 2026

Do Research Day Program 2026, Lincoln Memorial University, Debusk College Of Osteopathic Medicine

DO Research Day

DO Research Day was hosted by the DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine at Lincoln Memorial University. This program features abstracts from the LMU-DCOM community.


Beyond Burnout: A Systematic Review Of The Mental Health Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Physicians In The U.S., Tiffany Iheanacho, Fred Wenger, Etianna E. Cadet, Yahya Korteh, Muhammed Gaye Oct 2026

Beyond Burnout: A Systematic Review Of The Mental Health Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Physicians In The U.S., Tiffany Iheanacho, Fred Wenger, Etianna E. Cadet, Yahya Korteh, Muhammed Gaye

DO Research Day

Background: Five years after the COVID-19 pandemic, its long-term psychological impact on physicians remains important to assess. Physicians experienced PTSD, burnout, anxiety, insomnia, distress, and depression, yet few studies reported outcomes disaggregated by race, limiting understanding of disparities among marginalized physicians.

Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of mental health outcomes among U.S. physicians during COVID-19 and identify interventions and systemic strategies to mitigate physician mental health burdens during future public health emergencies.

Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Lincoln Memorial University Library were searched for studies published from 2020–2025. Of 48 studies identified, 21 met inclusion criteria. …


The Rider (2026-10-05), Daniela Chapa-Reyes Oct 2026

The Rider (2026-10-05), Daniela Chapa-Reyes

The Rider Archives

Vol. 12, No. 7


Horticultural Diplomacy: A Framework For Growing Culturally Aware Gardeners, Stephen Stresow-Cortez, Stephen Reiners, Ashley Miller Helmholdt Oct 2026

Horticultural Diplomacy: A Framework For Growing Culturally Aware Gardeners, Stephen Stresow-Cortez, Stephen Reiners, Ashley Miller Helmholdt

Journal of Extension

Derived from person-to-person diplomacy models, a ``horticultural diplomacy'' framework was implemented in a statewide vegetable variety trial program for two seasons to introduce Master Gardeners to diverse crops and cultures. Scaffolding learning with relevant recipes, bed groupings, community tasting events, and collecting community (citizen) science data helped participants build garden skills, gain a greater appreciation for other cultures, and inform new educational materials. Horticultural diplomacy is part of a deliberate effort aimed at growing food and building understanding among (primarily White) volunteers. The techniques that helped make this program successful, adaptable to other garden programs, and aspects that require improvements …


Navigating Text-To-Speech (Tts): Ethical Leadership In The Use Of Generative Ai For Extension, Xue A Dong, Paul A Hill Oct 2026

Navigating Text-To-Speech (Tts): Ethical Leadership In The Use Of Generative Ai For Extension, Xue A Dong, Paul A Hill

Journal of Extension

Text-to-speech (TTS) AI technology transforms written content into natural-sounding speech, offering a useful tool to enhance accessibility and inclusivity in Extension work. This article examines the role of TTS AI in bridging communication gaps, particularly for diverse and multilingual communities, and demonstrates the importance of ethical leadership in its adoption. By prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion, Extension professionals can leverage TTS AI to foster greater connection and engagement. Practical applications and examples are provided to guide the integration of TTS AI into programs. The article also offers recommendations for experimenting with innovative technologies to improve educational outcomes and increase the …


Virginia Team Nutrition Training Grant Workshop Participation Increased Intention To Change In Specific Topics, Rachel A Liebe, Kathleen J Porter, Valisa Hedrick, Elena Serrano, Kelly Shomo, Sandra Curwood, Sarah Misyak Oct 2026

Virginia Team Nutrition Training Grant Workshop Participation Increased Intention To Change In Specific Topics, Rachel A Liebe, Kathleen J Porter, Valisa Hedrick, Elena Serrano, Kelly Shomo, Sandra Curwood, Sarah Misyak

Journal of Extension

Team Nutrition is implemented nationally to improve school food environments. Yet evidence on factors impacting implementation is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the execution of the Team Nutrition Training Grant (TNTG) in Virginia elementary schools using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. The TNTG grant was implemented through two train-the-trainer workshops that were conducted with school nutrition directors (SNDs). Overall, SNDs from 84% of school divisions attended at least one workshop. Intention to change increased significantly from pre- to post- for both workshops in some target areas. This evaluation could help practitioners guide the development of evaluation …


How Wisconsin Extension Educators Talk About Climate Change Without Talking About ``Climate Change'', Sky Hershberger, Todd P. Newman Oct 2026

How Wisconsin Extension Educators Talk About Climate Change Without Talking About ``Climate Change'', Sky Hershberger, Todd P. Newman

Journal of Extension

Climate change touches all areas of Extension's programming. To understand how educators approach talking about climate change with constituents, we interviewed 15 Extension educators and three program managers in Wisconsin. Crops and Soils educators view climate change as interwoven with their work, Financial Education educators view it as mostly disconnected, and Community Economic Development educators range between these extremes. Educators in all three programs avoid the polarizing phrase ``climate change,'' instead focusing on specific, local, and relatable issues. Educators show empathy and emphasize resilience (adaptation) rather than mitigation. These findings can inform Extension's organizational strategy on climate change.