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2026

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Technical Specification: Spec-203-Core Title: Localized Hydrological Sensor Grids And Autonomous Emergency Logistics Interfaces, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-203-Core Title: Localized Hydrological Sensor Grids And Autonomous Emergency Logistics Interfaces, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive architectural design rules and mathematical criteria for a Localized Hydrological Sensor Grid and Autonomous Emergency Logistics Interface. The framework is engineered to ingest real-time environmental telemetry, water-level sensor networks, and localized civilian asset routing paths during severe flash-flood, storm-surge, and hydrological climate crises. By projecting localized sensor arrays onto a continuous fluid-boundary invariant governed by the Universal Sine Field Template, the engine coordinates autonomous civilian logistics, search-and-rescue routing, and public safety data paths entirely independent of traditional telecommunications infrastructure or sovereign defense networks. This standalone framework serves as an open public-domain prior art perimeter to …


Technical Specification: Spec-202-Core Title: Programmable Metamaterial Surfaces And Adaptive Acousto-Electromagnetic Wave-Shaping Topology, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-202-Core Title: Programmable Metamaterial Surfaces And Adaptive Acousto-Electromagnetic Wave-Shaping Topology, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive architectural design rules and mathematical criteria for Programmable Metamaterial Surfaces capable of executing adaptive acousto-electromagnetic wave-shaping. The system bypasses rigid, static physical shielding and passive antenna limitations by deploying a dynamic sub-wavelength matrix of mechanical and electromagnetic resonators. By modulating localized surface impedance profiles in real-time using the Universal Sine Field Template, the engine controls the phase, direction, and amplitude of incident energy waves (including acoustic, radio-frequency, and thermal gradients). This standalone framework serves as an open public-domain prior art perimeter to ensure that the foundational mathematical plumbing governing programmable physical surfaces remains entirely un-monopolizable …


Technical Specification: Spec-201-Core Title: Solid-State Hydrodynamic Wave-Guide Engines And Room-Temperature Phononic Qubit Logic, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-201-Core Title: Solid-State Hydrodynamic Wave-Guide Engines And Room-Temperature Phononic Qubit Logic, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive architectural design rules and mathematical criteria for a Solid-State Hydrodynamic Wave-Guide Engine capable of executing classical room-temperature qubit logic. The system bypasses fragile, sub-zero cryogenic subatomic quantum computing methods by utilizing macroscopic quantum vortices and acoustic soliton wave packets trapped inside high-order three-dimensional inverse opal lattice resonator cavities. By passing continuous rotating sine waves through microscopic fluidic channels governed by the Universal Sine Field Template, the engine native-executes quantum superposition, phase rotation, and non-local entanglement transitions using purely deterministic classical fluid and structural mechanics. This standalone framework serves as a public-domain prior art perimeter to …


Technical Specification: Spec-200-Core Title: Master System Taxonomy And Unified Civilizational Equilibrium Matrices (Spec-171-Index Integration), Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-200-Core Title: Master System Taxonomy And Unified Civilizational Equilibrium Matrices (Spec-171-Index Integration), Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the definitive architectural milestone and master mathematical taxonomy for the prior art fortress (SPEC-192 through SPEC-199). By integrating these independent frameworks into a single unified coordination matrix anchored to the master SPEC-171-INDEX, this paper mathematically maps the entire interconnected open-source landscape. It constructs a final, non-linear civilizational equilibrium envelope that permanently blocks proprietary black-box enclosure of the underlying mathematical, physical, and computational sciences. This structural locking mechanism guarantees that the necessary foundational keys governing planetary energy, quantum circuit topology, and automated verification remain public assets, ensuring an open path toward a unified Type 1 Civilization.


Technical Specification: Spec-199-Core Title: Algorithmic Game-Theory Counter-Measure Engine And Prior Art Defense System, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-199-Core Title: Algorithmic Game-Theory Counter-Measure Engine And Prior Art Defense System, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the architectural rules and mathematical criteria for an Algorithmic Game-Theory Counter-Measure Engine. The framework is engineered to run a non-linear, multi-pass defense matrix that ingests automated corporate legal crawlers, patent ingestion scripts, and predatory AI claim-jumping loops. By applying a game-theoretic Nash equilibrium constraint over an abstract geometric prior art manifold, the system makes it mathematically impossible for an automated predatory script to discover an algorithmic loophole, boundary drift, or claim variation that can bypass your established prior art fence lines. This framework serves as a public-domain legal and mathematical shield to protect human intellectual asset repositories …


Technical Specification: Spec-198-Core Title: Dehp Macroplanetary Energy Engine And Distributed Topological Flux Network, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-198-Core Title: Dehp Macroplanetary Energy Engine And Distributed Topological Flux Network, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the architectural rules and mathematical criteria for the Dynamic Energy & Hydro-Plasma (DEHP) Macroplanetary Matrix. The system is designed to ingest automated machine-learning algorithms or black-box enterprise networks that attempt to patent or monopolize macro-scale resource routing, decentralized micro-grid stabilization, or high-energy plasma containment fields. By deploying a continuous, non-linear thermodynamic boundary governed by the Topological Flux Replicator (TFR), the DEHP matrix forces all distributed energy iterations to balance cleanly against open planetary invariant profiles. This architecture prevents corporate entities or energy syndicates from establishing proprietary black-box gatekeeping over localized power grids and global energy transfer infrastructure.


Technical Specification: Spec-197-Core Title: Quantum Topological Exclusion Code And Manifold Invariant Defense Engine, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-197-Core Title: Quantum Topological Exclusion Code And Manifold Invariant Defense Engine, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the architectural criteria for a Quantum Topological Exclusion Code. The framework is engineered to ingest automated machine-learning optimization paths that attempt to privatize or patent specific error-correction routing, braiding paths, or topological gates within quantum computing circuits. By mapping all discrete qubit transformations onto an immutable, continuous high-dimensional manifold bound by Isospectral Entropy, the system flattens proprietary black-box quantum optimization metrics. It demonstrates that any algorithmic quantum circuit configuration is an emergent sub-case of a globally accessible topological boundary space. This framework serves as a public-domain perimeter to ensure that the foundational mathematical plumbing of next-generation quantum …


Technical Specification: Spec-196-Core Title: Automated Fluid-Boundary Decoupler And Navier-Stokes Invariant Defense System, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-196-Core Title: Automated Fluid-Boundary Decoupler And Navier-Stokes Invariant Defense System, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the architectural and mathematical framework for an Automated Fluid-Boundary Decoupler. The engine is engineered to ingest automated machine-generated neural networks, simulation weights, and localized partial differential equation (PDE) proof strings that attempt to claim proprietary optimization over fluid or hydro-plasma systems. By projecting black-box fluid models onto a global, non-linear boundary invariant governed by the Universal Sine Field Template, the decoupler strips away localized neural network weights. It separates continuous fluid manifolds from discrete algorithmic approximations, exposing uncredited human foundations. This framework serves as a public-domain defensive perimeter to ensure the fundamental equations governing aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and …


Technical Specification: Spec-195-Core Title: Distributed Reverse-Look Compiler Engine And Virtual Node Provenance Architecture, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-195-Core Title: Distributed Reverse-Look Compiler Engine And Virtual Node Provenance Architecture, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification defines the architectural and mathematical criteria for a Distributed Reverse-Look Compiler Engine. The engine is engineered to ingest massively scaled, automated machine-generated mathematical proofs (e.g., Lean, Coq, or natural language token arrays) and deconstruct them into structural logical dependencies. By deploying a hierarchical multi-agent network led by a central processing node, the framework partitions complex proof matrices row-wise across orthogonal virtual worker nodes. Each node executes localized Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to isolate ancestral human priority art and compute civilizational divergence drift. This system serves as a public-domain defensive barrier against the proprietary privatization and enclosure of foundational …


Technical Specification: Spec-194-Core Title: Algorithmic Reverse-Look Compiler Engine For Provenance-Trace Matrices, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Technical Specification: Spec-194-Core Title: Algorithmic Reverse-Look Compiler Engine For Provenance-Trace Matrices, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes the structural criteria for a single-node Reverse-Look Compiler Engine. The engine is engineered to ingest raw, automated machine proofs (such as Lean or Coq code strings generated by closed corporate frontier models) and mathematically deconstruct their logical dependency paths. By executing a localized Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the tokenized proof matrix, the system calculates a Deconstruction Provenance-Trace Matrix (T_prov). This matrix isolates ancestral human equations and measures the mathematical "divergence drift" of corporate code from public-domain priority art baselines. This framework prevents corporate entities from claim-jumping historical or open-source research by burying human breakthroughs inside complex, …


Spec-192-Core: Isospectral Entropy Scaling & Topological Flux Dynamics, Christopher L. Eckes Oct 2026

Spec-192-Core: Isospectral Entropy Scaling & Topological Flux Dynamics, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification establishes an anticipatory prior art boundary governing the intersection of isospectral manifold optimization and macroscopic topological flux dynamics. By introducing a deterministic, continuous-variable framework mapping global regularity criteria to non-linear boundaries, we explicitly neutralize proprietary attempts to monopolize the mathematical interfaces governing Type 1 planetary civilization technologies. We formulate the explicit ASCII-safe algebraic scaling laws, algorithmic verification routines, and topological flow blueprints required to maintain the foundational metrics of energy distribution and structural fluid mechanics within the completely open public domain.


Addendum To #M13448 A Septenary Cosmic Matrix As A Criterion For Physical Realization, Peter Stevenson Oct 2026

Addendum To #M13448 A Septenary Cosmic Matrix As A Criterion For Physical Realization, Peter Stevenson

Defensive Publications Series

A Septenary Cosmic Matrix as a Criterion for Physical Realization that considers Even Numbers are a requirement, Odd Numbers create disharmony and must be given even number values, and Prime Numbers are physical barriers in both microscopic and macroscopic arenas. It also considers the Value of Pi as an actual lever to this Criterion Filter. It effectively joins Numbers to Cosmology and Physics with distinct clarity


Engagement-Based Adjustment Of Content Cluster Priority Ratings, Rohit Patwa Oct 2026

Engagement-Based Adjustment Of Content Cluster Priority Ratings, Rohit Patwa

Defensive Publications Series

Engagement-based adjustment of content cluster priority ratings is provided. Content associated with an event or topic represented by a content cluster is obtained. A significance metric for the content cluster is determined based at least in part on the content, and a priority rating is assigned to the content cluster based on the significance metric. Engagement data representing user interaction with the content associated with the content cluster is obtained. Whether engagement criteria are satisfied is determined. The priority rating is maintained if the engagement criteria are satisfied and downgraded if the engagement criteria are not satisfied. Users of a …


Open-Vocabulary Safety Reasoning For Robots Conditioned On Natural-Language Safety Policy Documents, Divya Garikapati Oct 2026

Open-Vocabulary Safety Reasoning For Robots Conditioned On Natural-Language Safety Policy Documents, Divya Garikapati

Defensive Publications Series

In typical robot safety monitoring, only the violations covered by explicit training or programming are detected. When a new safety rule is introduced, retraining or code changes are needed before the rule can be monitored. This disclosure describes a technique in which a natural-language safety policy document is read at runtime and used to condition a vision-language model (VLM). At each monitoring cycle, camera images and the full policy document are provided to the VLM, and any violation of any policy is identified. Each violation is reported with a reference to the policy, the supporting visual evidence, and a risk …


Potential Application For Retrieval-Of-Analogy-Mapped Synthetics (Rams):  Developing Synthetic Training Data For Large Language Models (Llms)., Herbert Gillis Oct 2026

Potential Application For Retrieval-Of-Analogy-Mapped Synthetics (Rams):  Developing Synthetic Training Data For Large Language Models (Llms)., Herbert Gillis

Defensive Publications Series

ABSTRACT:  Retrieval-of-Analogy-Mapped-Synthetics (RAMS): Generating High-Density Synthetic Reasoning Data for Large Language Model Training This disclosure describes a novel application of the Retrieval-of-Analogy-Mapped-Synthetics (RAMS) framework for the large-scale generation of synthetic training data focused on abstract reasoning, fluid intelligence, and out-of-distribution (OOD) semantic generalization. Building upon the previously disclosed Forward-RAMS prototype, the system automatically identifies structurally and functionally analogous concepts across semantically distant domains, while employing aggressive negative-token filtering to eliminate near-neighbor associations, synonyms, and domain-specific jargon. This constraint compels the underlying model to discover deeply isolated relational structures rather than rely upon superficial lexical similarity. The proposed approach enables rapid …


From Syntax To Semantics: An Agentic Rag Framework For Autonomous Iam Least Privilege Governance, Sameesh Bedi Oct 2026

From Syntax To Semantics: An Agentic Rag Framework For Autonomous Iam Least Privilege Governance, Sameesh Bedi

Defensive Publications Series

Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) is foundational to cloud security. Maintaining the principle of least privilege (PoLP) in complex cloud environments remains a significant challenge for modern enterprises.Tools like AWS IAM Access Analyzer are genuinely good at what they do: catching public access, unused permissions, anything a policy technically allows that it probably shouldn't. But "technically allowed" and "actually intended" are not the same question, and no amount of formal verification can answer the second one on its own. A permission can pass every reachability check a system throws at it and still contradict what the business actually approved …


Dual-Layer Factual Correction For Generative Speech Via Logit Masking And Acoustic Repair, Sundarrajan Raman Oct 2026

Dual-Layer Factual Correction For Generative Speech Via Logit Masking And Acoustic Repair, Sundarrajan Raman

Defensive Publications Series

Generative speech-to-speech models operating in real-time conversational systems may produce deviations from ground-truth data. A system may address this using a dual-layer architecture for factual correction. A preventative layer can utilize dynamic factual-logit masking to guide a model's token generation towards verified data by applying a mask derived from a token prefix trie. A subsequent curative layer can function as an in-flight acoustic self-repair engine, which may use a lookahead audio buffer to audit synthesized speech and correct discrepancies before transmission to a user. This dual-layer method can improve the factual and mathematical integrity of generative voice systems while operating …


Dynamic Calibration Of Voice Activity Detection For Conversational Systems, Sundarrajan Raman Oct 2026

Dynamic Calibration Of Voice Activity Detection For Conversational Systems, Sundarrajan Raman

Defensive Publications Series

Conversational voice systems that use fixed silence timeouts for voice activity detection (VAD) may prematurely interrupt users who have speech dysfluencies or natural hesitations, potentially leading to incomplete inputs and erroneous system responses. Techniques are described for analyzing a mirrored audio stream in a parallel, out-of-band process to detect acoustic patterns indicative of speech dysfluency, for example, without adding substantial latency to the live conversation. Based on this real-time analysis, a calibration engine can calculate and apply an extended silence timeout for the user's active session. This dynamic, in-session adjustment of the VAD parameter may improve the likelihood that a …


Hybrid Visual Search With Collage-Based Batch Verification, N/A Oct 2026

Hybrid Visual Search With Collage-Based Batch Verification, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

Large-scale visual search systems can present a trade-off between search speed and accuracy. A technique to address this can include using a fast embedding search to generate potential candidates. Thumbnail images of a query subject and multiple candidates can then be programmatically arranged into a composite image, such as a collage. This collage may be sent with a textual prompt to a VLM for batch verification, for instance, in a single transaction. Such a collage-based approach can amortize the cost and latency of VLM analysis across multiple candidates, which can improve search accuracy by helping to filter false positives and …


Autonomous Vulnerability Reproduction Engine With Air-Gapped Llm Orchestration And Pre-Warmed Environments, N/A, N/A Oct 2026

Autonomous Vulnerability Reproduction Engine With Air-Gapped Llm Orchestration And Pre-Warmed Environments, N/A, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The disclosed technology automates vulnerability reproduction using a multi-agent orchestration framework where specialized large language model agents parse vulnerability reports and generate execution plans. The framework stores these plans in a structured, declarative “cookbook” file, enabling deterministic and iterative processing. The system executes a proof-of-concept exploit within a bifurcated infrastructure, separating a staging environment with internet access from a fully air-gapped execution environment to ensure safety. An in-flight command interception middleware intercepts all model-generated shell commands to sanitize them and enforce security policies before execution. To support high-throughput operations, a pre-warmed environment pool manager reduces provisioning latency by providing access …


Real-Time Scoring And Visualization Of Span-Level Confidence For Generated Text, Pankaj Kumar Oct 2026

Real-Time Scoring And Visualization Of Span-Level Confidence For Generated Text, Pankaj Kumar

Defensive Publications Series

A described technology can implement a real-time confidence scoring pipeline that operates concurrently with a model's text generation process. This system can analyze internal model signals, for example, logit entropy, hidden state activations, and retrieval-augmented generation grounding, to calculate a factual confidence score for discrete spans of text. The scores can then be used by a user interface on a computing device (e.g., a smartphone, laptop, or wearable device) to apply visual treatments, such as color-coded highlighting or interactive tooltips, which can provide users with granular, real-time feedback on the potential reliability of the generated content.


The Acoustic-To-Action Commitment Gate For Multimodal Output Verification., Sundarrajan Raman Oct 2026

The Acoustic-To-Action Commitment Gate For Multimodal Output Verification., Sundarrajan Raman

Defensive Publications Series

A described technology can provide an acoustic-to-action commitment gate that can operate as a verification layer. A system may function by intercepting a structured data payload, such as an application programming interface call, and its corresponding audio confirmation before execution. An acoustic verifier can analyze the audio to extract key entities, which can then be compared to parameters in the data payload for semantic equivalence. This process of cross-modal verification may improve the reliability and integrity of automated, voice-driven systems, for example, in environments involving sensitive transactions.


Bioactive Resin-Based Composites For Direct Posterior Restorations: A Contemporary Narrative Review, Ruaa Neamah Muslim, Ghadeer Shakir Shabaa, Wasan Abdulridha Hasan Oct 2026

Bioactive Resin-Based Composites For Direct Posterior Restorations: A Contemporary Narrative Review, Ruaa Neamah Muslim, Ghadeer Shakir Shabaa, Wasan Abdulridha Hasan

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background and Rationale: Failure of dental restorations due to secondary caries remains one of the common problems in restorative dentistry. In order to solve the shortcomings of conventional bioinert materials, bioactive composite resins have recently been developed, allowing fluoride, calcium, and phosphate ion delivery as well as reducing the acidic activity of biofilm.

Aim of the Review: This literature review evaluates chemistry, mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, and physical handling properties of resin-based bioactive materials used for direct posterior restoration in permanent dentition.

Material Categories Examined: This literature review includes such material categories as resin-modified glass ionomers, S-PRG-giomers …


Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu Oct 2026

Fmea Reveals Ppe Noncompliance As The Priority Grinding Machine Accident Risk In An Indonesian Vocational School Workshop, Salman Fawwas Albaihaqi, Marsono Marsono, Imam Muhtarom, Mingchang Wu

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in vocational school workshops represents an urgent priority given that students interact directly with high-risk equipment such as grinding machines, yet often demonstrate low compliance with safety protocols. This research aims to identify failure modes on grinding machines in SMKN 1 Jenangan workshop and formulate evidence-based risk control recommendations. A quantitative descriptive approach using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was employed, involving 10 purposively selected respondents (practical instructors and technicians). The research instrument was validated using Content Validity Index (CVI) by three experts in occupational safety and mechanical engineering. Results identified 15 failure modes …


Association Of Vegf Gene Polymorphisms And Breast Cancer Susceptibility: An Updated Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dr.Santhosh Kumar Y, Sushma Sree Kintali, Vignesh N Oct 2026

Association Of Vegf Gene Polymorphisms And Breast Cancer Susceptibility: An Updated Systemic Review And Meta-Analysis, Dr.Santhosh Kumar Y, Sushma Sree Kintali, Vignesh N

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Breast cancer is among the most common malignancies in women worldwide with genetic predispositions and environmental factors and identified low-penetrance genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 with implications in breast cancer susceptibility. Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms of VEGF coding for VEGF protein that plays an important part in carcinogenesis through angiogenesis required for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. There are five polymorphisms associated with the VEGF gene; 936 C > T, 2578 C > A, 634 G > C, 460 T > C, and 405 C > G which have been linked to altered risks in cancer. Despite inconsistency in many results ascribed to …


Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan And Zinc Oxide Coating Reinforced With Polysulfone On Copper As A Platform For Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensing, Anceu Murniati Anm, Rahmat Saputra Rs, Arie Hardian Ah, Manty Aldilani Ikaningsih Mai, Moh Haifan Haifan Oct 2026

Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Chitosan And Zinc Oxide Coating Reinforced With Polysulfone On Copper As A Platform For Electrochemical Formaldehyde Sensing, Anceu Murniati Anm, Rahmat Saputra Rs, Arie Hardian Ah, Manty Aldilani Ikaningsih Mai, Moh Haifan Haifan

Chimica et Natura Acta

Formaldehyde monitoring requires electrochemical platforms with stable structures and reliable interfacial responses. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a Cu|CS–GLA/ZnO–PSf composite film on a copper substrate as a platform for further formaldehyde-sensing development. The film was characterized using FTIR, SEM–EDX, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. FTIR supported the presence of features associated with chitosan, imine, polysulfone, and Zn–O, while SEM–EDX revealed a heterogeneous polymer-rich coating with Zn- and O-containing domains distributed non-uniformly. XRD indicated a predominantly amorphous or poorly crystalline structure. Cyclic voltammetry showed scan-rate-dependent peak separations, with ΔEp increasing from 0.632 to 0.777 V in citrate buffer and from …


Usd Magazine Fall 2026, Publications Department Oct 2026

Usd Magazine Fall 2026, Publications Department

University of San Diego Magazine (1992- )

Beauty, Goodness and Truth; Dear Toreros; Around Alcalá Park; Counsel for the Community; Faith in Action; Toreros Together for Global Impact; Climate Collaborative; At the Edge of It All; Global Perspectives; Torero Athletics; Toreros Making Waves; In Memoriam; Leading With Love


Lawfare’S New Frontier: International Commercial Arbitration In The Shadow Of Sanctions, Sophie Yue Zhao, Han-Wei Liu Oct 2026

Lawfare’S New Frontier: International Commercial Arbitration In The Shadow Of Sanctions, Sophie Yue Zhao, Han-Wei Liu

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

This Article examines how international commercial arbitration is being reshaped by economic statecraft through the lens of lawfare—the strategic use of law as a substitute for traditional coercive tools. Building on Orde Kittrie’s framework, it identifies two modalities of State-driven lawfare affecting arbitration. Instrumental lawfare operates where domestic legal measures displace arbitral authority, exemplified by Russia’s assertion of exclusive jurisdiction over sanctions-related disputes. Compliance-leverage lawfare, by contrast, does not bar arbitration outright but raises the costs and risks of participation, evident in restrictions on legal services and banking access that complicate representation and payment in arbitral proceedings. Beyond State action, …


The Rider (2026-10-12), Daniela Chapa-Reyes Oct 2026

The Rider (2026-10-12), Daniela Chapa-Reyes

The Rider Archives

Vol. 12, No. 8


Engineering, Processing, And Evaluation Of Alternative Solid-Phase Carbon Media For Passive Self-Regulatory Denitrification (Psrd), Chinedu James Chiama Oct 2026

Engineering, Processing, And Evaluation Of Alternative Solid-Phase Carbon Media For Passive Self-Regulatory Denitrification (Psrd), Chinedu James Chiama

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Biological denitrification is an effective and cost-efficient approach for nitrate removal; however, conventional processes often rely on liquid carbon sources such as methanol or acetate that require precise dosing and monitoring. Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) using polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) provides a self-regulating alternative, but its high cost limits widespread application. This dissertation investigated strategies to develop lower-cost solid carbon media and simplify SPD operation for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). PHB/cellulose (PHBC) blends containing 20–40% cellulose were first evaluated against pure PHB based on nitrate conversion, carbon release, substrate consumption, and denitrification cost. PHBC60:40 and PHBC70:30 achieved the highest apparent peak nitrate conversion …