Digital Commons Network^™

Oleanolic Acid–Chitosan Compound Inhibits Mitochondrial Autophagy And Malignant Transformation Of Lung Cancer Through The Pten/Akt Pathway, Abuli̇mi̇ti̇ Abulai̇ti̇, Xi̇aohong Sun, Waresijiang Yibulayin, Dan He, Kemi̇ng Xu, Xi̇ayi̇mai̇erdan Yi̇bulayi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Oleanolic acid–chitosan compound (OAC) shows potent antinonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activity, but its mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates how OAC modulates autophagy and apoptosis via the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog/Protein Kinase B (PTEN/AKT) signaling pathway.

Materials and methods: Oleanolic acid was coupled with chitosan to synthesize OAC. A549 and MRC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and Minimum Essential Medium, respectively, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin–streptomycin. Cells were pretreated with chloroquine before OAC treatment. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK- 8 assay, while 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and colony formation tests were employed …

Contribution Of Adenosine A2a Receptor Agonist And Antagonist On Ovarian Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Rats, Azad Mammadov, Abdullah Tuncay Demi̇ryürek, Ahmet Saracaloğlu, Cahi̇t Demi̇rkiran, İsmai̇l Tuncer Deği̇m, Ömer Eronat, Şeni̇z Demi̇ryürek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To determine the effects of an A2A receptor agonist regadenoson, an A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline, and istradefylline nanosuspension on ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Materials and methods: A total of 80 female rats were divided into 10 groups: sham, ovarian I/R, blank nanosuspension + ovarian I/R, regadenoson (3 μg/kg) + ovarian I/R, regadenoson (30 μg/kg) + ovarian I/R, istradefylline (0.3 mg/kg) + ovarian I/R, istradefylline (3 mg/kg) + ovarian I/R, istradefylline-loaded nanosuspension (3 mg/kg) + ovarian I/R, istradefylline (3 mg/kg) + regadenoson (30 μg/kg) + ovarian I/R, and istradefylline-loaded nanosuspension (3 mg/kg) + regadenoson (30 μg/kg) + ovarian …

February 12, 2026, The Daily Mississippian

Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues)

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Intellectual Property Rights Of Farmers With Special Reference To The Protection Of Plant Variety And The Farmers' Rights Act, 2001, Gomathi R Ms

Theses and Dissertations

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) confer exclusive rights on individuals over the creations of their minds. Intellectual property is protected through patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs, geographical indications, and other legal rights, enabling inventors to obtain economic benefits and legal recognition from their innovations. These rights provide exclusive usage for a prescribed period and have evolved significantly over the years, sharing similarities with ownership rights over tangible property. As intangible rights, IPR primarily consist of the property element and the object to which that property relates. Among the various forms of IPR, Plant Variety Protection (PVP) rights recognize the creativity and …

A Rare And Challenging Polymicrobial Pleural Infection Involving Cupriavidus Pauculus In A Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Multiple Complications, Moiz Ahmed Khan, Syeda Samiya Kamal, Muhammad Muneeb, Summaya Zafar

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

A 58-year-old female with a 15-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a history of treatment consisting of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, and chronic prednisolone therapy, presented with fever, productive cough, dyspnea, and left leg cellulitis. She developed septic shock complicated by tension pneumothorax requiring emergency thoracostomy and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Pleural fluid culture grew Cupriavidus pauculus, a rare environmental gram-negative bacillus, alongside Burkholderia cepacia and Candida parapsilosis, indicating polymicrobial infection which was most likely predisposed by patient's immunosuppressed state from RA and prolonged steroid use. Treatment consisted of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, meropenem, fluconazole, and cardiopulmonary support, and culminated in …

Data And Code From: Rapid Scavenging Of Avian Carcasses In The Desert Southwest: Implications For Mortality Surveys Not Associated With Infrastructure, Thomas Huycke, Dylan M. Osterhaus, Kelley C. Boland, Fitsum Abadi, Martha J. Desmond

Fish, Wildlife, & Conservation Ecology: Datasets

No abstract provided.

Systematic Synthesis Of Crispr/Cas Applications For Enhancing Salt Tolerance In Crops: A Decade Of Progress And Challenges, Xindi Sun, Fusheng Wu, Zhuanzhuan Ma, Guohao Liang, Shumei Chen, Xutong Hu, Shugao Fan, Ying Zhao

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Soil salinity is a major constraint on global crop productivity, driving the need for salt-tolerant varieties. While CRISPR-Cas genome editing offers targeted solutions for trait improvement, significant biological and technical bottlenecks limit its application in conferring salt stress resilience. This systematic summarizes findings from 83 peer-reviewed studies (2015–2024) employing CRISPR/Cas technologies to improve salt tolerance in five major crops (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, barley). Our systematic review reveals that early single-gene edits achieved modest gains (30–50% Na⁺ exclusion) but often showed limited yield gains in field settings, potentially due to compensatory regulation and environmental variation. The literature suggests that multiplex …

The Perk Signaling Pathway As A Marker Of The Unfolded Protein Response In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Nergi̇z Erkut, Turhan Köksal, Seli̇m Demi̇r, Ahmet Menteşe, Özlen Balta, Mehmet Sönmez

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) pathway plays a critical role in preventing the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, the role of the PERK signaling pathway was evaluated in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Materials and methods: Plasma levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (eIF2AK3), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and caspase 3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in peripheral blood samples obtained from AML patients and healthy …

Montana Kaimin, February 12, 2026, Students Of The University Of Montana, Missoula

Montana Kaimin, 1898-present

Student newspaper of the University of Montana, Missoula.

Targeting Oxalate Production By Combining Enzyme Inhibition And Proteolysis Activation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach For Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1, Fabio Arias, Sumati Rohilla, Yudibeth Sixto-López, Koral S E Richard, Sandeep Das, Sumit K Anand, Pilar Maria Luque-Navarro, Guillermo Bañuelos-Sanchez, Juan Luis Pacheco-García, Reethika Gade, M Peyton Mckinney, Dhananjay Kumar, Jemiah Maxie, W Rylan Corr, Nilesh Pandey, Harpreet Kaur, Jibin Ding, Lin Tan, Elisha Scott, Hyung Nam, Eyal Gottlieb, A Wayne Orr, Nirav Dhanesha, Arif Yurdagul, Angel L Pey, Francisco Franco-Montalbán, José A Gómez Vidal, Oren Rom, Mónica Díaz-Gavilán

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare genetic disorder caused by hepatic oxalate overproduction due to alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) deficiency. Therapeutic strategies targeting glycolate oxidase (GO) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), key enzymes in glyoxylate metabolism, have shown promise in reducing oxalate burden. However, recently approved siRNA therapies remain limited by high cost, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and limited global accessibility. We report the development of compound 2, a dual GO/LDHA inhibitor (K i = 390 and 40 nM, respectively) that also promotes hydrophobic tag-mediated autophagic degradation of LDHA. Its efficacy was evaluated in Agxt –/– mice, both in primary …

Primary Tumor Size And Tumor-Vessel Interface Following Capecitabine And Temozolomide For Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, Jin Guo, Kever A Lewis, Laura Prakash, Priya Bhosale, Ajaykumar Morani, Matthew H G Katz, Ching-Wei D Tzeng, Naruhiko Ikoma, Rebecca Snyder, Michael P Kim, Chandrikha Chandrasekharan, Arvind Dasari, James C Yao, Jeffrey E Lee, Jessica E Maxwell, Daniel M Halperin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Capecitabine/temozolomide (CAPTEM) is an established regimen for patients with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) that is being increasingly used for tumor volume reduction in patients with borderline anatomically resectable disease. We sought to understand the response of the primary tumor, defined as changes in the tumor–vascular interface (TVI). This is a retrospective, single-institution study of patients with locally advanced or metastatic PanNET treated with CAPTEM between 2010 and 2020. RECISTv1.1 measurements and TVI assessments of the primary tumor were performed on pre- and post-therapy images. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic PanNET at presentation (n = 47) were included. …

Tumor-Immune-Neural Circuit Disrupts Energy Homeostasis In Cancer Cachexia, Xiuhui Shi, Alex X Arreola, Zhijun Zhou, Jingxuan Yang, Mingyang Liu, Yang Cai, Yu Ren, Hao Yuan, Qun Chen, Xinjie Chen, Xinyu Yang, Yimei Meng, Jingyi Wang, Wenyi Luo, Michael C Rudolph, Rohan Varshney, Kar-Ming Fung, Chao Xu, Wei R Chen, Michael S Bronze, Lei Zheng, Yi-Ping Li, Courtney W Houchen, Yuqing Zhang, Min Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cancer-induced cachexia and anorexia are debilitating complications across many cancers, yet effective treatments remain limited due to a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we identify an uncharacterized tumor-immune-neural circuit driving these syndromes, centered on growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Using genetically engineered mouse models, we find that loss of GDF15 protects against appetite loss, muscle wasting, and fat loss in pancreatic, lung, and skin cancers. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals macrophages as a major source of GDF15, induced by tumor-derived colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1). GDF15 acts via the central nervous system to enhance β-adrenergic signaling in the tumor …

Weight Loss Patterns And Clinical Outcomes Of Glp1 Receptor Agonists In Breast Cancer Survivors, Jasmine S Sukumar, Akshara Singareeka Raghavendra, Sarah Pasyar, Roland L Bassett, Debu Tripathy, Carlos H Barcenas, Karen M Basen-Engquist, Banu K Arun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) for weight loss is increasing; implications in breast cancer (BC) survivors remain unclear.This retrospective cohort study evaluated treatment patterns, weight loss, and outcomes in BC survivors at an academic institution receiving GLP1-RA. We evaluated patients with non-metastatic (ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), stage 1-3) BC who received GLP1-RA (2005 - 2024). Linear regression models estimated associations between weight change and clinical factors. After excluding DCIS, propensity score matching (1:2) was used to match patients who received GLP1-RA with patients who did not, based on confounding covariates. Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests compared disease-free …

Mandibular Extension As A Trigger Of The Proprioceptive Trigeminocardiac Reflex, Massimo Conti, Giovanna Traina, Daniele Tonlorenzi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a physiological response characterized by a reduction in heart rate and arterial blood pressure following stimulation of any branch of the fifth cranial nerve. This review presents a novel mechanism of TCR induction through proprioceptive activation of the trigeminal nerve via mandibular extension (ME). Accordingly, it is referred to as the “proprioceptive trigeminocardiac reflex” (pTCR). An overview of the existing literature on ME-evoked TCR in humans and animals is presented, with particular emphasis on evidence of cerebral microcirculatory alterations. The magnitude of cardiovascular responses appears to depend on the duration of ME, with repeated applications …

Validity Of The Turkish Version Of The Oral Frailty Index-8 And Its Relationship With Frailty, Malnutrition, And Sarcopenia In Older Adults, Süleyman Emre Koçyi̇ği̇t, Bi̇lal Kati̇poğlu, Yilmaz Önal, Kübra Bahar Baykan, İlknur Şeker Kaya, Fatma Sena Dost, Özge Dokuzlar, Esra Ateş Bulut, Ali̇ Ekrem Aydin, Derya Kaya, Ahmet Turan Işik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) is a reliable screening for oral frailty. In our study, while presenting the Turkish reliability and validity study of the OFI-8, we also aimed to establish a cut-off value for oral frailty in Turkish population.

Materials and methods: Patients who presented to the outpatient clinic between January 2024 and January 2025 were evaluated. The test’s internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed. Divergent validity was evaluated using frailty scores, muscle strength, and nutritional status. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to determine the optimal cut-off values for identifying frailty, malnutrition, and probable …

Canakinumab Treatment In Patients With Colchicine-Resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Multicenter Observational Study, Emrah Koç, Mete Pekdi̇ker, Mete Kara

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Anti-interleukin-1 agents have known beneficial effects in the treatment of colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever (cr-FMF); however, studies to date have tended to have small sample sizes and to be based on pooled data. The present study investigates the efficacy of Canakinumab (CAN) in a homogeneous cohort of cr-FMF cases.

Materials and methods: The study included patients who underwent treatment in three tertiary rheumatology departments, whose electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The inclusion criteria were presence of colchicine resistant disease activity or persistent proteinuria secondary to AA-amyloidosis, and treatment with CAN for at least 6 months. Clinical and laboratory …

Preoperative Inflammatory And Molecular Marker Changes In 125 Supratentorial Glioma Cases, Semi̇h Can Çeti̇ntaş, Burak Tahmazoğlu, Tufan Agah Kartum, Rahşan Kemerdere, Taner Tanriverdi̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To determine whether there is a possible link between selected preoperative systemic inflammatory markers and molecular pathological indices.Material and methods: For this retrospective study, 125 patients served as subjects. Preoperative systemic inflammatory markers, namely neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and postoperative pathological indices, namely mitosis, Ki-67 labeling index (LI), isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation, and 1p/19q codeletion, were obtained from the electronic database.

Results: Results showed that NLR positively correlated with PLR (p = 0.00001), mitotic activity (p = 0.001), and Ki-67 LI (p = 0.00001). On the other …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Treatment Outcomes Of Gasserian Ganglion Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation In Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Emel Başar, Nevci̇han Şahutoğlu Bal, Erkan Yavuz Akçaboy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare but debilitating condition. Aside from two case reports, there are limited data on the use of Gasserian ganglion radiofrequency interventions in this patient population. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of combined radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment targeting the Gasserian ganglion in patients with MS-related TN.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 patients with MS-associated TN who underwent combined Gasserian ganglion RFT and PRF treatment between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2025. Patients were followed for six months. Visual analog scale (VAS) …

Proximal Fragment Perfusion Following Hip Arthroplasty With Subtrochanteric Shortening Osteotomy In Patients With Severe Developmental Dysplasia Of The Hip, Vedat Bi̇çi̇ci̇, Hi̇lmi̇ Alkan, Enejd Vei̇zi̇, Şahan Güven, Serkan Ünlü, Eli̇f Özdemi̇r, Tural Talibli, Ahmet Firat

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The changes in proximal femoral blood flow occurring after reconstructive surgery for Crowe types III– IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and their impact on healing remain unclear. In the present study, blood flow around the osteotomy site is evaluated with particular focus on the proximal segment in patients who underwent subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and hip arthroplasty. To this end, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans were conducted to evaluate changes in proximal blood flow and to assess the impact on union rates and potential complications.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 26 hips from …

Association Of Mir-34a With Metastatic Progression Through The Foxo3a–Sirt1 Regulatory Axis In Breast Cancer, Banu Şahi̇n, İlker Batuhan Bural, Hüseyi̇n Özcan, Sendegül Yildirim, Gamze Tanriöver, Şükran Burçak Yoldaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Breast cancer represents the foremost cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide and is characterized by a markedly high metastatic potential, contributing substantially to its clinical severity and poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship among silent information regulator (SIRT1), Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), and microRNA-34a (miR- 34a), the latter of which promotes apoptosis by suppressing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Specifically, we investigated the tumor microenvironment associated with metastatic progression of malignant primary tumors, the influence of nonmetastatic (benign) tumors, and the potential roles of these proteins in both primary tumor development …

Neuroendocrine Effects Of Exogenous Adropin Administration On The Hypothalamic Pituitary Testicular Axis In Male Rats, Ersen Eraslan, Ayhan Tanyeli̇, Mustafa Can Güler, Asli Özbek Bi̇lgi̇n, Fazi̇le Nur Eki̇nci̇ Akdemi̇r, Eli̇f Polat, Seli̇m Çomakli, Nezahat Kurt, Tuğba Bal Taştan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Obesity impairs male fertility through metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and disruption of the hypothalamic– pituitary–testicular (HPT) axis. Adropin (ADR), a peptide hormone whose circulating levels are reduced in obesity, plays emerging roles in metabolic homeostasis; however, its involvement in reproductive endocrine regulation remains unclear. The present study was conducted in healthy, nonobese male rats and aimed to investigate the neuroendocrine and testicular effects of exogenous ADR administration, focusing on circulating reproductive hormones, hypothalamic regulatory peptides, and testicular antioxidant pathways.

Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomized into control, sham, low-dose ADR (4 μg/kg/day), and high-dose ADR (40 …

Fitness Cost And Biofilm Formation In Fosfomycin-Resistant Clinical Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates, Mustafa Ökeer, Sabi̇re Şöhret Aydemi̇r, Bayri Eraç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Fosfomycin has regained importance owing to its unique mechanism of action and effectiveness against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the biological fitness cost associated with fosfomycin resistance and its impact on biofilm formation in clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates.

Materials and methods: A total of 78 Escherichia coli and 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urine samples at Ege University Hospital were analyzed. Fosfomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the reference agar dilution method. Resistance was induced by exposing two K. pneumoniae strains with a fosfomycin MIC of 4 μg/mL and two E. coli strains …

Comment On “Survival Of Patients With 2014 Figo Stage Iiic High‑Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Treated With Platinum‑Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy”, Abdullah Saad, Syeda Abeeha Hasan, Syeda Aki̇fa Sajid

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

February 12, 2026, James Madison University

The Breeze, 2020-

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Insights Into The Influence Of The Greenland Ice Sheet On Oceanic Macronutrient Dynamics From Decades Of Historical Data, Xin Huang, Yuanyuan Gu, Hilde Oliver, Dustin Carroll, Thomas Juul-Pedersen, Lorenz Meire, Mark J. Hopwood

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Increasing freshwater discharge from the cryosphere has the potential to affect mechanisms that regulate the supply of macronutrients to primary producers in the ocean. Although numerous studies have characterized the biogeochemical effects of freshwater discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet within fjords, it is unclear to what extent these effects propagate offshore and whether or not seasonal macronutrient availability in Greenland's shelf seas has changed since annual freshwater discharge increased in the mid-1990s. Here, we collate and scrutinize extensive work undertaken over the past century to constrain macronutrient distributions in Greenland's coastal seas. From 1929 to 2022, over 38,000 publicly …

Albumin-Binding Domains In Therapeutic Protein Engineering: A Structural And Computational Perspective On Rational Design, Matthew Argyle, Dallin M. Chipman, Anna Claire Woolley, Bradley C. Bundy, Dennis Della Corte

Faculty Publications

Therapeutic proteins face a critical pharmacokinetic challenge: rapid clearance from circulation limits their clinical efficacy. Albumin-binding domains (ABDs) offer an elegant solution by enabling therapeutic proteins to “hitchhike” on serum albumin’s favorable 19-day half-life through FcRn-mediated recycling. Clinical validation through approved therapeutics like ozoralizumab demonstrates the success of this approach, with preclinical studies showing fusion to an ABD extended half-life to 18 days. This review provides an analysis of ABD-fusion protein design, integrating structural biology, computational prediction, and rational engineering principles. We catalog the major classes of albumin-binding modalities, including bacterial three-helix bundle domains, engineered peptides, antibody-derived binders, and alternative …

What Is The Future Of Diagnostic Medicine?, Michael Rosenwald

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

North Pole, South Pole, The Sea Of Carcinoma, Dev Hathaway

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Consumption, Sunshine O'Donnell

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Netting The Future, Donna Seaman

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.