Digital Commons Network^™

The Basis Of The Labor Exemption Reconsidered, Sanjukta Paul

Articles

Broadly speaking, this symposium queries the question of expanding some actors’ coordination rights under antitrust law as a way of effectuating legal goals relating to “power relations.” I commend the organizers of the symposium for opening this conversation, for asking about the use of “collective bargaining” beyond the traditional labor domain, and for taking on the question in a creative way. These broader questions are essential, and yet my own article will (paradoxically, perhaps) try to contribute to this effort by going back to the core domain of the labor exemption itself—where, it turns

How The U.S. Constitution Shapes International Tax Law: Instrument Choice In Tax Agreements, Noam Noked, Young Ran (Christine) Kim, Reuven Avi-Yonah

Articles

The U.S. Constitution’s Treaty Clause, which requires Senate approval by a two-thirds vote for treaties, has significantly influenced the development of international tax law. This Article examines the implications of Senate supermajority requirements on bilateral and multilateral tax treaties and agreements, alternative instruments, relevant international tax standards, and global tax governance.

Historically, tax treaties have been approved exclusively as Article II treaties requiring Senate approval. The difficulty of entering into treaties with the United States has influenced the instrument choice and design of U.S. and international tax standards. To address this challenge, several U.S. and international tax reforms have employed …

Useful Noise: Understanding Dicta And Knowing What To Do With It, Len Niehoff, Tucker Gribble

Articles

Sometimes we approach the idea of obiter dictum as if it were Latin for “Here the court says something I wish it didn’t.” When a judicial opinion includes a statement that hurts our case, we labor to cast it as dicta and we give it the first name “mere.” If the opposing party quotes the statement, we huff about its irrelevance and dismissively proclaim that it can, indeed must, be ignored. We treat dicta as background noise, and we encourage the court to plug its ears and hum.

Pharmacogenetic Hslco1b1*14-Guided Dosing Of Methotrexate In Transgenic Arthritic Mice Normalizes Exposure And Response., Felicia Gooden, Brennan D. Meier, Griffin D. Shaffer, Kim Gibson, Paul Toren, Nieko C. Punt, Sandhya Subash, Dilip K. Singh, Bhagwat Prasad, Laura Ramsey, Zachary L. Taylor

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that negatively affects ~100,000 children under the age of 16 in the United States. About ~30% of these patients fail first-line drug therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) due to poor tolerability or lack of efficacy. The SLCO1B1*14 allele is associated with increased MTX clearance and has been linked to reduced overall drug exposure and nonresponse to MTX in JIA patients. Herein, we describe transgenic hSLCO1B1*14 and hSLCO1B1*1 DBA1/J mSlco1b2 knock-out mice, which we used to assess arthritic response to MTX using the collagen-induced arthritis model. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis revealed that …

Fcil Basics: Key Concepts, Fcil Librarianship, Fcil Resources & An Introduction To Treaty Research, Loren Turner, Meredith Capps, Charlotte Daugherty

Articles

No abstract provided.

Noneconomic Tort Damages And Biased Beliefs About Vulnerability To Harm, Roseanna Sommers

Articles

The American tort system aspires to provide fair compensation to injured plaintiffs, regardless of socioeconomic status, race, religion, or gender. Recent experimental evidence from psychology suggests, however, that factfinders consistently judge identical harms as less severe when experienced by individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). People presume, for instance, that a paper cut hurts a wealthy person more than a less well-off person, that domestic violence inflicts greater suffering on a high-SES woman than a lower-SES woman, and that bullying harms a fiveyear- old from a high-SES family more severely than one from a low- SES family. This Essay examines …

What's The Point Of Reparation?, Daniel Fryer

Articles

Despite its ancient history in philosophical and legal thought, importance to progressive social movements, and relative simplicity as a notion of fairness—if you break something, you ought to fix it—reparative justice is largely misunderstood. This is problematic given increasing calls for reparation from historically disadvantaged groups. Rather than assessing the validity of these claims, this Article addresses a fundamentally antecedent issue: what’s the point of reparation? Rejecting arguments that claim reparation is about compensation, supplementing distributive justice, and reconciliation, I argue that the point of reparation is to repair unjust social relations created by past wrongdoing. The relational theory of …

From Relic To Relevance, The Resurgence Of Tariffs, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah

Articles

Modern legal scholarship has largely relegated tariffs to economic analysis, overlooking their legal and policy significance. This Article challenges that view by examining tariffs as a potential pillar of fiscal policy, exploring their viability as a revenue source alongside or in place of traditional income and corporate taxation. While historically central to U.S. government funding, tariffs’ importance diminished with the rise of income taxation and trade liberalization. However, their recent resurgence as a tool for trade protection raises broader questions about their role in national economic strategy.

This Article critically assesses the feasibility of a tariff-based tax system, drawing on …

An Incidental Standard For Medical Ai, Nicholson W. Price Ii

Articles

Medical AI is poised to make a major difference in the provision of health. It brings major challenges, though: how can developers and implementers ensure that it will work safely and effectively—especially within the context of complex and highly variable health-care systems? Standards provide one key tool, potentially providing guidelines for everything from privacy to accuracy to how AI interacts with human clinicians. This Essay considers the last of these, describing a powerful quasi-standard from a surprising source: an FDA guidance document that tells developers when certain AI systems are not considered medical devices, and are therefore not regulated by …

Greater Body Dissatisfaction At Admission Is Associated With Lower Bmi At Discharge In Anorexia Nervosa: Predictive Validity Of The Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory., Danielle A N Chapa, Marianna L. Thomeczek, Brianne N. Richson, Alan Duffy, Kara A. Christensen Pacella, Kelsie T. Forbush, Renee D. Rienecke, Dan V. Blalock, Sara R. Gould, Victoria L. Perko, Philip S. Mehler

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

People with anorexia nervosa (AN) engage in dietary restriction and other weight loss behaviors that result in dangerously low body weight, leading to an increased risk for mortality and medical complications. Weight gain is one of the most important indicators of treatment progress and recovery for AN. There are limited predictors of weight gain for patients with AN, making it difficult for clinicians to anticipate which patients are likely to respond favorably to treatment. Thus, there is a need to identify additional, potentially modifiable predictors of weight gain within a higher level of care for AN. This study tested the …

A Comparison Of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) And Silorane-Based Cements As Carriers For Local Doxorubicin Delivery., Grahmm A. Funk, Elizabeth M. Menuey, Zachary D. Denton, Dalan M. Pittz, Alejandro Parrales, Tomoo Iwakuma, Kathleen V. Kilway, Terence E. Mciff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Orthopedic osteosarcomas and metastatic lesions can be difficult to treat with systemically delivered chemotherapy agents alone. Following removal of the primary tumor, implantation of cement to fill the lesion is often done to stabilize weight-bearing bones. One of the commonly used treatments to address osteosarcoma is systemic delivery of doxorubicin. Therefore, research on the incorporation and release of efficacious doxorubicin for local delivery from cement is important. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements are the gold standard in orthopedics but have inherent disadvantages. Efforts to overcome some of these deficiencies led to the development of a novel silorane-based biomaterial (SBB). This …

Association Of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide With Ckd Progression In The Ckd In Children Study., Alexander Kula, David K. Prince, Joseph T. Flynn, Susan L. Furth, Bradley A. Warady, Tamara Isakova, Derek Ng, Jeese Seegmiller, Rob Christenson, Nisha Bansal

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Las Dos Teresas: How Women’S Critiques Of Imperialism And Patriarchy Transformed The Spanish Anarchist Movement, Stephanie Mendez

Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses

The central question my thesis explores is how women’s participation in the Spanish anarchist movement in the late nineteenth century to early twentieth century transformed the meaning of anarchism and the anarchist movement. The anarchist movement failed to adequately acknowledge structural inequality between men and women. Women anarchists, such as Teresa Claramunt and Teresa Mañé, acknowledged this discrepancy by reimagining the practice of anarchism. They argued for the genuine expression of total liberation. This could only be achievable through the recognition of women’s subordination. They critiqued the role of patriarchy in maintaining women’s subordination. Through their vision for total liberation, …

Rationale And Trial Design Of Ribolaris: A Phase Ii Trial Of Neoadjuvant And Adjuvant Ribociclib Plus Endocrine Therapy For Clinically High-Risk Hr+/Her2-Negative Breast Cancer, Paul Cottu, Cynthia X Ma, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in endocrine therapy, patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer (eBC) remain at risk of recurrence (ROR). Chemotherapy is often used in high-risk cases, but not all patients benefit.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether chemotherapy can be safely omitted in patients with stage II, grade 2/3 HR+/HER2- eBC who convert to low genomic risk (ROR-low) following neoadjuvant ribociclib plus letrozole.

METHODS: RIBOLARIS (NCT05296746) is an open-label, multicenter phase II trial in patients with stage II, grade 2 or 3, HR+/HER2- eBC defined as high risk based on a Ki-67 index ⩾20% …

08.05.04. Bridled Tern, Onychoprion Anaethetus, R. Zambrano, Ann Hodgson, Florida Ornithological Society

08.05. <em>Laridae</em> - Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers

The Bridled Tern is very common offshore in the Gulf of Mexico and on the Atlantic coast as far north as Virginia.

08.05.02. Brown Noddy, Anous Stolidus, Bill Pranty, Ann Hodgson, Florida Ornithological Society

08.05. <em>Laridae</em> - Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers

The Brown Noddy has a pantropical range, occuring on islands in southern Florida, the Caribbean, and Central America.

08.05.03. Sooty Tern, Sterna Fuscata, M. Hedden, Ann Hodgson, Florida Ornithological Society

08.05. <em>Laridae</em> - Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers

The Sooty Tern is pelagic; all its nesting colonies are located on remote subtropical and tropical islands.

The Protective Power Of Psychological Resources In Mitigating Burnout And Enhancing Flourishing, Dylan R. Polkinghorne, David J. Radosevich, Deirdre M. Radosevich, Dianne D. Murphy, Laken James, Sue S. Craver

Management Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose

This study explores how burnout mediates the relationships between critical psychological resources, specifically resilience, flow and self-efficacy, and flourishing in contemporary work environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from 374 participants, including undergraduate students at a regional comprehensive university in the Midwest and full-time working adults in the USA, were analyzed using mediation analysis in MPlus 8.11 to assess the indirect and direct effects among burnout, psychological resources and flourishing in a work environment.

Findings

Results indicate that self-efficacy significantly predicts lower burnout levels and higher flourishing. Resilience and flow were negatively associated with burnout, reducing its impact; however, the direct effects …

Cutibacterium Adaptation To Life On Humans Provides A Potential C Acnes Infection Biomarker, Md Shafiuddin, Wen-Chi Huang, Gabriel William Prather, Jeffrey Ryan Anton, Andrew Lawrence Martin, Sydney Brianna Sillart, Jonathan Z Tang, Michael R Vittori, Michael J Prinsen, Jessica Jane Ninneman, Chandrashekhara Manithody, Jeffrey P Henderson, Alexander W Aleem, Ma Xenia Garcia Ilagan, William H Mccoy 4th

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Propionibacteriaceae appear to have adapted to life on humans during the domestication of cattle. These microbial immigrants formed the genus Cutibacterium, and a descendent of those microbial trailblazers (C acnes) now dominates 25% of human skin. C acnes colonization of human skin requires the protein RoxP. Although all Cutibacteria encode this adaptation to life on humans, nothing like RoxP has been found in any other organism. In this study, we report an extensive assessment of 21 RoxP orthologs, which identified conserved molecular surfaces linked to heme-dependent oligomerization and low pH stability. Our investigation suggests how RoxP helps C acnes dominate …

Oculomics And Ai: The Eye As A Biomarker For Health Span, Joy Le Yi Wong, Rajendra S Apte, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

As the world's population ages, the focus of healthcare is shifting from extending life span to promoting health span. There is an unmet need to identify sensitive and reliable markers of health span through more cost-effective and non-invasive methods, to enable early and effective intervention on modifiable aging factors. The eye offers a unique window into systemic health, providing direct visualization of the body's vascular and neural health. This review presents an overview of how various ocular structures can serve as biomarkers of health span-drawing on insights from ocular imaging, metabolomics, and proteomics, with evidence from basic science, animal models, …

Lost Before Forgetting: Objective Driving Metrics Track Navigation Deficits Tied To Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease, Yiqi Zhu, Ramkrishna K Singh, Semere Bekena, David C Brown, Chen Chen, Matthew Blake, Jean-François Trani, Ganesh M Babulal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Navigation is a complex, multisensory process in which subtle changes may emerge before the onset of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether navigation abilities were associated with amyloid and tau pathology in cognitively normal older adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Among 285 cognitively unimpaired older adults, navigation and objective driving behaviors were assessed using the self-reported Santa Barbara Sense of Direction Scale (SBSOD) and a datalogger, respectively. Amyloid and tau burden were quantified using PET-MRI 2 years post-initial driving data collection. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the associations between biomarker status and longitudinal …

Perceptions And Knowledge Of Machine Learning For Paediatric Related Decision Support In Emergency Care – A Uk And Ireland Network Survey Study Of Clinician Leaders, Behalf Of Peruki, Fiona Leonard, Mark D. Lyttle, Dympna O’Sullivan, John Gilligan, Damian Roland, Michael Barrett

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study explores clinician leaders understanding and perception at site level towards machine learning (ML) decision support tools for paediatric related emergency care across the UK and Ireland, essential in guiding safe and effective frontline implementation. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed via Paediatric Emergency Research United Kingdom and Ireland (PERUKI) to the lead for digital systems or PERUKI site lead, with one response sought per site. Survey development was in REDCap, and descriptive analysis (counts, percentages) was primarily performed. The response rate was 86.7% (65/75), mostly from England (83.1%). While 80.0% understood ‘Artificial Intelligence’, fewer understood advanced concepts such …

Optimisation Of Laminar Jet Flow Microencapsulation Variables To Enhance The Anthocyanin Retention And Antioxidant Function Of Sohiong, Roshiya Nongmaithem, Raju Sasikumar, Kaviarasu G., Selva Kumar T., Ravikumar Rajarathinam, Paras Sharma, Sheena Haorongbam, Kowsalya T., K. Senthilkumar, Amit K. Jaiswal

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Anthocyanins are valuable dietary elements with biological functions and health-promoting effects. However, there are technological barriers to their use in the food industry, primarily due to their poor stability and susceptibility to environmental factors, such as oxygen, temperature, pH, and light, which can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of the final food products. In this study, the microencapsulation of an anthocyanin extract from sohiong fruits was performed using a laminar jet flow vibration nozzle, with calcium chloride as a hardening agent and sodium alginate as a polymer. To produce calcium-alginate microbeads with a high anthocyanin content and favourable morphological characteristics, …

Techmate:: Translating Gender Equality Research Into Actionable Practice For Computing Educators, Alina Berry, Susan Mckeever, Brenda Murphy, Sarah Jane Delany

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The persistent underrepresentation of women in computing higher education remains a global challenge, with women comprising less than 20% of ICT specialists across the EU. While substantial research has identified effective interventions to support underrepresented groups, this evidence remains fragmented across academic publications, grey literature, and institutional reports. Educators seeking to implement gender-inclusive practices face significant barriers in identifying relevant initiatives, understanding implementation requirements, and accessing practical guidance suitable for their institutional contexts. This work presents TechMate, a fully operational (https://ascnet.ie/techmate/) web-based, open-access toolkit designed to bridge the gap between research evidence and practical implementation. The toolkit consolidates over 25 …

Optimizing Ucs Prediction Models Through Xai-Based Feature Selection In Soil Stabilization, Ahmed Mohammed Awad Mohammed, Omayma Husain, Mosab Hamdan, Abdalmomen Mohammed, Abdullah Ansari, Atef Badr, Abubakar Elsafi, Abubakr Siddig

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) is a key parameter for the assessment of the stability and performance of stabilized soils, yet traditional laboratory testing is both time and resource intensive. In this study, an interpretable machine learning approach to UCS prediction is presented, pairing five models (Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), CatBoost, and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for enhanced interpretability and to guide feature removal. A complete dataset of 12 geotechnical and chemical parameters, i.e., Atterberg limits, compaction properties, stabilizer chemistry, dosage, curing time, was used to train and test the models. …

Efficacious Anti-Cancer Drugs Targeting Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase (Nnmt) In Cultured Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc), Brian Maloney, Martyna Kubisztal, Ziqian Ge, Yin Lu, Lisa Strotmann, Adrianna Budziňska, Mary F. Rooney, Marilena Karavyraki, Andrew Knox, Richard K. Porter

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Background/Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cause of human cancer. The enzyme, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, including OSCC. Our objective was to target NNMT with novel inhibitors and determine their anti-cancer efficacy while shedding light on their possible mechanism of action. Methods: We identified two small molecule inhibitors of NNMT (AG-670 and AO-022) based on a pharmacophore of the in silico nicotinamide binding site. These inhibitors were investigated for (i) potency to inhibit the activity of the isolated NNMT enzyme (EC₅₀ values), (ii) cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ values) against the …

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy And Machine Learning For Chlorogenic Acid Quantification In Coffee, Deborah Herdt, Felix Wühler, Thomas Kunz, Victoria Schiwek, Sarah Kühnemuth, Brian Gibson, Matthias Rädle

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

To predict chlorogenic acid (CGA) concentration in coffee during roasting, a machine learning algorithm was applied to mid-infrared (MIR) data. A total of 44 roasting samples between 140 and 220 °C, along with an unroasted control, were dry-heated in an eddy current roaster and subsequently ground and measured. CGA concentrations were predicted from MIR spectroscopy data using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) regressor and validated against a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector reference. The algorithm performed spectral preprocessing and selected relevant wavenumber regions. The MLP-based model achieved a high coefficient of determination, outperforming classic peak evaluation, indicating that automated …

Smart Biosensing Nanomaterials For Alzheimer’S Disease: Advances In Design And Drug Delivery Strategies To Overcome The Blood–Brain Barrier, Manickam Rajkumar, Furong Tian, Bilal Javed, Bhupendra G. Prajapati, Paramasivam Deepak, Koyeli Girigoswami, Natchimuthu Karmegam

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by persistent memory impairment and complex molecular and cellular pathological changes in the brain. Current treatments, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, only help with symptoms for a short time and do not stop the disease from getting worse. This is mainly because these drugs do not reach the brain well and are quickly removed from the body. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of most drugs into the central nervous system; therefore, new methods of drug delivery are needed. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (NTDDS) are widely studied as a potential …

Development Of An Active Crosslinked Nanocomposite Film Based On Gelatin-Ethyl Cellulose, Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, And Silver Nanoparticles For The Preservation Of Sliced Meat, Elham Sarmast, Shiv Shankar, Stephane Salmieri, Sahra Amel Rahmouni, Monique Lacroix

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

This study aimed to develop a novel bioactive biobased packaging film combining gelatin (G) and ethyl cellulose (EC), cardanol and glycerol as plasticizers, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) as a crosslinker/bioactive compound, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as bioactive agents. The degree of crosslinking, mechanical and thermal properties, water solubility (WS), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films were analyzed. Molecular interactions within the film matrix were determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The G-EC film, in a 1:2 weight ratio, exhibited improved physicochemical properties compared to the pure G film, with a low WS (7.8%). The incorporation of TCA and AgNPs—to form bioactive nanocomposite …

Gender Differences In Mental Rotation And Visualisation Across Adolescence: Large Scale Evidence From The United States, Ireland, And Austria With Single-Paper Meta-Analyses, Jeffrey Buckley, Sheryl Sorby, Gavin Duffy, Günter Maresch, Jason Power

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Spatial ability has been identified as an essential cognitive ability for educational performance broadly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Further, children with higher levels of this ability are more likely to choose STEM educational pathways. It is theorised that a benefit of spatial ability lies in affording young people further capacity to think and reason effectively in diverse problem-solving contexts, which translates into desirable educational outcomes. However, substantial evidence has identified a gender gap favouring boys particularly in the mental rotation spatial factor, and there is less evidence for any similar gender gaps for other spatial factors, …