Digital Commons Network^™

Reprioritizing International Patent Law, John R. Thomas

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Over the past half-century, rapid technological change and globalization have reshaped innovation and intellectual property, yet the foundational international agreements anchoring the global patent system have remained essentially unchanged. The drafters of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) viewed these agreements as dynamic instruments that, through procedural coordination, would rationalize international patent administration. The Paris Convention has resisted reform for decades, however, while the PCT has failed to achieve its goals of reducing examination workloads and fostering worksharing among national patent offices. It now exacerbates the very inefficiencies it sought to …

Legal Paradoxes Of Transition: Transitional Justice And The Rule Of Law Between Nürnberg And Saddam Hussein Trials, Rasha Abdelsamea Ahmed Baghdadi

Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT

This thesis critically examines the legal paradoxes embedded within transitional justice (TJ) discourse, using the Nürnberg and Saddam Hussein trials as case studies to interrogate the complex relationship between justice and the rule of law in TJ discourse. It highlights the inherent tension between forward-looking societal reforms and the pursuit of backward-looking justice, challenging the foundational assumptions of TJ as a universal tool for justice and peace. It also questions the validity and credibility of "transition" as a phase between the past and the future. It contends that TJ, driven by Western liberal epistemic foundations, functions as an exclusionary …

Verbal Violence Against Moroccan Women: Proverbs Offensive To Moroccan Women, Malika Rafiq

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

Langage studios on violence gains Wumen are ver rare. Langage wok général focus on the féminisation of Trade namas, fonctions and the prima of gendre in grammaire. Theys are mail sociologisa, anthropologique, économico and politiqua. In Our Marocain culture, the langage of Wumen Is réserve for stéréotypes, expressions and Word That correspond to culinaire uses, flashions, éducation of Childe and marrie life. Discrimination gains Wumen has awacs challenge us, winch Is Wh web fond It nécessaire to adresse langage ségrégation, especially from the linguistic point of view. Thus, our problem will deal with the abusive language made to women in …

The Socio-Didactics Of Linguistic Representations Of The Amazigh Language, Ahmed Bououd

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This study adopts a socio-didactic approach to analyze the influence of social representations on the learning of the Amazigh language within Moroccan universities. It aims to define the position of Amazigh within Morocco’s current multilingual landscape and to determine how the images (positive or negative) formed by students impact their motivation and desire for linguistic appropriation. The research addresses key questions: How is Amazigh perceived by learners—as an identity-based, official, or purely symbolic language? Furthermore, what is their level of motivation when faced with the competition of other languages such as Arabic, French, and English? This research is based on …

A Novel Hybrid Distance-Based Similarity Measures For N-Valued Neutrosophic Trapezoidal Numbers And Its Applications, Vakkas Uluçay

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Teaching Global Partnership And Responsibility Using The Earth Charter, M. Beth Mccutcheon

Consensus

No abstract provided.

Strategies For Socio-Emotional Well-Being In Medical Training With Artificial Intelligence Using Neutrosophic Ahp, Regla Cristina Valdés Cabodevilla, Varna Hernández Junco, Zenia Batista Castro, Dra. Esp. Vivian González Aguilar

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Cubic Spherical Neutrosophic Weighted Geometric Heronian Mean Operator For Mcdm With Application To Fertilizer Selection, S. Gomathi, A. Kalamani, L. Senthil Kumar, Rahul Shukla

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Possibility Interval-Valued Fermatean Neutrosophic Soft Sets In Decision Making, Arunadevi S, Jayanthi D, Saranya M

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Fuzzy N-Fold Positive Implicative Ideals Of Bck-Algebras: Properties And Characterizations, K Anjaneyulu Naik, B Satyanarayana, D Ramesh, B Tandava Krishna

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

The Federalism Canons As Ordinary Interpretation, Anthony J. Bellia Jr., Bradford R. Clark

Northwestern University Law Review

Scholars remain generally skeptical of substantive canons of statutory interpretation even as courts continue to employ such canons in important cases. Unlike semantic canons, which help judges discern the best meaning of statutory text in context, substantive canons provide tiebreakers when the text is unclear or require special clarity in order for the text to perform certain functions. Among the substantive canons, the so-called “federalism canons” have been singled out for special scrutiny. The federalism canons are a family of canons that require courts to avoid interpreting an act of Congress to divest states of certain sovereign rights or powers—including …

The Memory Of Place In Saudi Short Stories And Sketch Drawing, Dr. Ibrahim Bin Sarawi Ahmed Asiri

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study examines the “Memory of Place” as a manifestation of creative memory in the Saudi short story and visual arts through a semiotic approach integrating Lotman’s concepts and Peirce’s triadic model. It explores how place transcends geographical boundaries to become an “active semantic structure” and cultural sign that reproduces collective identity. The analysis reveals a shared rural “Semiosphere” between narrative and image, where meanings intersect to form a unified creative memory that reinterprets heritage amidst modern urbanization. The study concludes that the synergy between linguistic and visual media preserves spatial memory and reinforces the cultural presence of the Saudi …

Cultural Life In The City Of Nizwa During The Period (3-6 Ah / 9-12 Ad), Maryam Bint Abdul Latif Al-Nuaim

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study discusses the scholarly life in the city of Nizwa from the 3rd to the 6th centuries AH (9th–12th centuries AD). During this era, Nizwa emerged as one of the most prominent centers of learning in eastern Arabian Peninsula and the Islamic world. The people of Nizwa relied on educational institutions such as mosques, kuttabs (traditional elementary schools), Qurʾanic schools, and scholarly circles to gain and spread knowledge. Scholars of Nizwa contributed to the development of Sharia Sciences and linguistic sciences. In addition, the city’s geographical location, political stability and interacting with other scientific centers helped to support the …

Insomnia, The Witch, And The Dark Passenger As Shadow Projections In Joharah Al-Remal's Al-Awsaj, Dr. Afaf Al-Enezi

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

This study investigates how psychic repression and identity fragmentation are represented in Joharah Alremal’s Al-Awsaj (2023), asking how inherited trauma and the symbolic Dark Passenger shape the protagonist’s fractured selfhood. It aims to clarify the mechanisms through which insomnia, shadow projection, and the witch’s prophecies externalize unresolved familial wounds. Methodologically, the paper employs a psychoanalytic close reading informed by Jungian theory, situating the novel in comparative dialogue with Jeff Lindsay’s Darkly Dreaming Dexter (2004). The comparison examines both the universality of repressed destructive impulses and cultural trauma specific forms through which trauma manifests. The study finds that negotiations with the …

Derivation From Underived Nouns Between Theory And Practice A Morphological And Semantic Study, Dr. Ibrahim Abdullah Ahmed Al-Zein

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

Derivation is deemed one of the most significant sources for enriching and expanding the vocabulary of Arabic language. Arabs derive words not only from verbal roots but also from underived nouns—such as nouns of meaning, time, entities, and sounds. This study aims to present the opinions of linguists regarding derivation from underived nouns, in addition to examining the practical reality of this phenomenon through evidence from Arabic dictionaries and linguistic works, which confirm or prohibit permissibility thereof. The researcher adopts the descriptive method,. The study concludes that derivation from underived nouns is based on unwriten precedents, and due to the …

Belonging Through Research: How Engaging Undergraduate Efl Students In Authentic Research Experiences Affects Their Sense Of Belonging, Dr. Nawal Ibrahim Alhodithi

Journal of Arabic Sciences and Humanities

When undergraduate EFL students engage in authentic research, they begin to see themselves not merely as language learners but as legitimate researchers, a transformation that reshapes their academic belonging. This study investigates how authentic undergraduate research experiences influence English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ sense of belonging in a Saudi higher-education context. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected from 122 female undergraduate EFL students enrolled in a Research Methods course. Quantitative data were gathered using an adapted multidimensional belonging survey measuring membership, acceptance, affective comfort, trust, and participation/withdrawal, while qualitative reflections captured students’ identity development and research perceptions. …

Review Of The Berber Tachelḥiyt–French Dictionary. (4 Volumes), Mohamed Saadouni

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This review presents Harry Stroomer’s four-volume Berber Tashelhiyt–French Dictionary as a landmark reference for Tashelhiyt (Tachelhiyt), one of Morocco’s major Amazigh varieties. The set exceeds 3,000 pages and is described as the product of nearly forty years of systematic collection and checking. Lexical data were drawn from a broad corpus of publications and archives—studies, theses, and assorted documents—then expanded through the author’s own fieldwork. Words and expressions are listed in alphabetical order and written in a clear Latin transcription, while meanings and phrase-level equivalents are provided in French. A central contribution is the work’s rigorous source-traceability: entries are fully referenced …

A Sociolinguistic Analysis Of Language Representations Among French Studies Students At Hassan Ii University, Niama El Azouar, Ahmed Bououd

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This study aims to analyze the linguistic representations of French students at Hassan II University. Through a qualitative survey, we explore how attitudes towards French and other languages are shaped within an Arabic-French bilingual context. Our research will identify factors influencing students' academic choices and suggest ways to foster multilingualism.

Making Meaning: Representations, Learning, And Contemporary Imaginaries, Nadia Kaaouas, Taoufik Ait Bouchgour

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This issue explores meaning-making in contemporary societies by foregrounding representations, learning, and cultural imaginaries. Across digital media, cultural practices (including orally transmitted traditions), literary studies, pedagogy, and linguistics, the contributions show how oral, written, and visual forms of expression shape social relations, construct identities, and rework inherited cultural patterns. Literature is approached as a space for self-reinvention; schooling as a laboratory for skills and learner motivation; and linguistic analysis as an essential tool for the circulation of knowledge. Complementarily, heritage-oriented perspectives emphasize that the viability of cultural practices depends on ongoing transmission across generations.

Semiological Analysis Of Visual Representations Of The Female Body On Instagram, Hassan Baha

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

On digital social networks and Instagram in particular, female influencers mainly use images to communicate with their audience. A form of visual communication that allows them to enter a process of digital self-presentation. On Instagram, the female influencers in our sample are depicted as perfect, slim body and attractive. These images can impact women's perception of their own bodies and self-worth. A visual/virtual representation that can encourage women to seek an unrealistic physical perfection maintaining, in order to achieve this ideal, a set of stereotypes that persist in the social imaginary. In this present project, we will study the images …

French And Amazighity A Through The History Of Maghreb, Mohamed Quitout

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

The author of this article intends to focus on a rarely mentioned subject, that of France's relationship to Amazigh and Amazigh. It is true that we have often heard about "the Berber policy of France". But did this policy really exist, a linguistic policy understood in the sense of a reasoned and finalized strategy leading to concrete actions on the key lands of Amazighity, namely the Amazigh language and culture. This paper will attempt to answer this paper by exploring the question throughout the period of the French colonization of Morocco and Algeria.

Code-Switching And Figuration Of A Cosmopolitan World In « Le Paradis Français », N’Guessan Konan Lazare

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

Among African authors, the code-switching is manifested, most of the time, in the desire to share with the foreign reader some tropicalities that remind, at the very least, of their double culturality or their bilingualism. They seek, by this means, to make the others discover their cultural and linguistic environments. This didactic concern forces the legitimation of metalinguistic procedures in the structure of their writing. But in Le Paradis français by Bandaman Maurice, the use of code-switching seems to obey other considerations than the diffusion of some tropicalities. Not involving metalinguistic constraints, priorities in others, it reveals, on the contrary, …

From Cultural Competence To Intercultural Competence Through Song, In Class Of French As A Foreign Language, Ben Boudjema Tanina

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

From cultural competence to intercultural competence through song, in class of French as a foreign language. The song is an excellent expression of a people, rooted in its culture and daily practices. The theme of this article is the exploitation of the song - as an authentic document - in a (inter)culture-language perspective .We rely on the task- based analysis model of the authentic documents didactic processing. Through this study, we can state that the model of analysis of authentic documents promotes cultural enrichment and actively participates in the development of intercultural competence. It is only through tasks involving the …

The Verb And Temporal Reference: Linguistic Perspectives, Miloud Taifi

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This article examines the relationship between the verb and temporal reference from a linguistic perspective. It analyzes how verbal forms encode time and aspect, and how context contributes to the interpretation of temporal meaning. The study highlights the complexity of temporal reference and its dependence on both grammatical markers and discourse factors.

The Verb Between Stability And Change: Linguistic Reflections, Zahra Zaid

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This article examines the verb as a dynamic linguistic category situated between stability and change. It explores how verbal forms evolve while preserving core grammatical functions, and how language use reflects broader processes of linguistic variation and transformation.

Proverbs As A Linguistic And Cultural Mirror: A Morphosyntactic Approach, Massira Serhir

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This article examines proverbs as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon, focusing on their morphosyntactic structure. It shows how proverbs condense collective experience and cultural values into fixed linguistic forms, and how their grammatical organization contributes to their semantic stability and pragmatic effectiveness.

The Modification Of Michel Butor, Another Way To Use The Verb, Nadia Birouk

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

This article analyzes how Michel Butor, in his novel La Modification, employs the verb and the use of the second-person plural (“you”) to revolutionize the romanesque genre. By abandoning traditional narrative forms, Butor places the reader at the center of the narrative process and transforms the relationship between narration, subjectivity, and linguistic structure.

The Status Of The Preposition Between “Full” And “Empty” Semantics, Houda Abaylou

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

Studies on the preposition within the different linguistic theories reveal a great divergence of perspective. Two main positions emerge from this debate. The first approach refuses to assign a semantic content to the preposition and considers it as an empty element whose function is purely structural. The second approach, on the contrary, considers that the preposition has a semantic value that contributes to the interpretation of utterances. This article examines these two positions and highlights the limits of each, while stressing the need for an integrative approach capable of accounting for both structural and semantic dimensions.

The Syntax Of Weak Rectors In Classical Arabic: The Case Of Thought Verbs, Mouhcine Amraoui

Faits de Langue et Société (FLS)

The weak rection is a syntactic behavior that characterizes verbs indicating a mental or psychological attitude towards the content of a proposition. These are verbs that do not have a real syntactic power over their complements. This article examines the mechanisms of weak rection in classical Arabic, focusing on thought verbs, and highlights the syntactic and semantic specificities that distinguish them from other verbal structures.

From Operations To Outcomes: The Role Of Industry 4.0 In Customer Management And Financial Performance, Hong Long Chen

Management Dynamics

Despite extensive research on Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies, relatively little attention has been given to their impact on financial performance at the firm level. This study proposes a model to investigate the links between I4.0 implementation level (I4.0IL), supply chain management performance (SCMP), customer management performance (CMP), and company financial outcomes using bootstrap-based structural equation modeling (SEM) with data from 91 companies across various sectors. The results of the bootstrap-based SEM with 1,000 resamples show that SCMP significantly influences both CMP and company financial performance, and CMP also significantly impacts financial performance. While I4.0IL does not significantly amplify the effects …