Digital Commons Network^™

Advanced Mathematics In The Elementary School: Supporting Teachers And Students Through A Resource Compilation, Abigail Friedel

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Addressing the needs of every student within an elementary mathematics classroom is a difficult and time-consuming task that educators are charged with. The range of abilities in a general education classroom can span multiple grade levels, especially in upper elementary. Teachers are often encouraged to focus on students that are below grade level, which can lead to higher ability students being bored and disengaged when they are in the classroom (Livers et al., 2018). To address this issue, this capstone project seeks to answer the question of how can elementary classroom teachers best support their advanced learners in math after …

American History And Immigration: Creating A Comprehensive Immigration Unit For An American History Class, Hawkens Bory-Baar

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

This capstone addresses a deficit in social studies curricula which overemphasizes factual recitation of a narrow selection of history. Understanding that ethnic studies is another social studies topic which provides the lacking elements from mainstream history teaching, this project attempts to design an American history unit that is informed by the principles of ethnic studies and culturally relevant pedagogy. The research question being asked is: how can we best design an immigration unit for Minnesota studies or American history that effectively integrates ethnic studies into a mainstream curriculum? To achieve this goal, a unit has been designed that focuses on …

How Do Targeted Scaffolding Strategies And Instructional Modifications Support The Academic Language Development And Content Comprehension Of Multilingual Learners In Elementary Classrooms?, Ashley Schutt

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Multilingual learners need intentional support to develop academic language and access grade-level content. However, many educators need additional knowledge and training to use scaffolding strategies and instructional modifications effectively in their classrooms.

This capstone explores how research-based strategies, including academic language supports, visuals, sentence frames, and differentiated instruction, support multilingual learners. Information was collected through a literature review, classroom observations, educator interviews, and school visits during a study abroad experience in Wales.

Findings showed that effective instruction for multilingual learners requires purposeful planning, collaboration, and a focus on students’ linguistic and cultural identities. The experiences in Wales connected with research …

Framing Schools As A Second Home For Children, Christian Duncan

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

This capstone explores how a structured professional development program can create greater unity and mutual understanding among educators by framing the school as a “second home” comparable to a parent household. The project developed from observations of division, dissatisfaction, and strained relationships among educators and considers how these dynamics can influence school culture and the stability students experience. Key influences included research on child development, home and school stability, teacher well-being, professional relationships, and effective professional development. Research from Darling-Hammond and Cook-Harvey (2018) emphasized the importance of emotional and physical safety, supportive adult relationships, and belonging for student development, while …

Effective And Appropriate Reading Interventions For Upper Elementary Students, Casey Orr

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

With more students falling behind in their reading skill development, and staying behind as they continue into older grades, this project was created to answer the question; what reading interventions are most appropriate and effective for upper elementary students? Recently, reading instruction has shifted to follow the body of research known as the science of reading. Much of the literature surrounding this topic centers around students in kindergarten through second grade, leaving teachers and reading specialists of upper elementary students without the same information or support for their students. This project reviews the existing literature on the history of reading …

The Impact Of Teachers Providing Home-Based Literacy Resources To Families Of Emergent Readers, Hannah Brown

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Many primary teachers often hear from parents that they want to help their child learn to read and write at home but do not have tools or resources to do so. Parents of young children are often left wondering how they can help their child be successful in the literacy classroom and create meaningful practice opportunities at home. This capstone project addresses the research question: How can primary elementary teachers support early literacy development by providing families with home-based literacy resources? A literature review revealed that family literacy resources should be focused on emergent literacy skills such as phonological awareness, …

Enhancing Second Language Acquisition Through Hands-On Learning In French Immersion Schools, Vanessa Hendrikson

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Learning a second language at school is a valuable experience. However, the journey toward fluency can sometimes be long and challenging for both students and educators. This capstone explores how hands-on learning activities can support second language learning by providing students with meaningful and engaging experiences. It is guided by the research question: How can hands-on learning activities support second language acquisition among students in French immersion schools? Grounded in research on second language acquisition and experiential learning, the project examines how games, manipulatives, and other hands-on activities can help students build their language skills while providing opportunities for authentic …

A Genre-Based Approach To Teaching Employment Interview English For Adult English Learners In The United States, Caitlin Schueler

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

Employment interviews represent high-stakes communicative events that can present particular challenges for adult English learners (AELs). Despite this, existing interview preparation materials often emphasize rehearsal of common questions, memorization of responses, and adherence to cultural norms instead of an intentional focus on the linguistic resources characteristic of employment interview discourse. This capstone project addresses that gap through the design of an eight-week curriculum for intermediate-level AELs. The curriculum is informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics, the Sydney School approach to genre pedagogy, Interactional Sociolinguistics, the Teaching and Learning Cycle, and Understanding by Design. Together, these frameworks guided the development of a …

Latina Representation In Children’S Literature: A Content Analysis Approach., Vanessa Varela

Dissertations (1934 -)

This quantitative content analysis investigates the representation of Latina girls and women in children’s books across two distinct publishing periods. Drawing on foundational scholarship in gender and racial representation in children’s literature (Casey, 2021; Hamilton et al., 2006; Leslie, 2021; Pérez Huber, 2018; Paynter, 2011; Weitzman et al., 1972), and informed by the emergence of multiracial feminism in the 1990s, the study examines a total of forty books, using the book as the unit of analysis (20 published in 1995 and 20 in 2025). A comprehensive 60-item coding instrument was used to generate descriptive statistics, conduct inferential testing, and support …

Assessing Language Access Barriers In Medical Settings, Ashley Cardona-Carrillo, Joumana De Santiago, Janiris Sanchez

Research Scholars

No abstract provided.

Metaphysics Of Parallel Heritage In The Formulation Of The Contemporary Cityscape, Ban Mohammed Sultan, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In the contemporary globalized world, the metaphysical texts of parallel heritage play a vital role in preserving the identity and privacy of cities with historical cores by conveying both the authenticity of the past and the spirit of the age in architectural production. The research problem addresses a cognitive deficiency in reading the metaphysics of parallel heritage within the urban landscape of Haifa Street, proposing it as a text that mediates between heritage and contemporaneity. The research hypothesizes that these metaphysical texts contain a creative core that functions as a future-oriented cognitive model. Using a descriptive–analytical approach, the study analyzes …

Two Years Of Ocrelizumab Treatment In Black And Hispanic People With Multiple Sclerosis In Chimes: A Single-Arm Clinical Trial, Lilyana Amezcua, Anthony Reder, Evanthia Bernitsas, Nancy Monson, Timothy Vartanian, Gregory Wu, Mansoor Saleh, Annette Okai, Ahmed Obeidat, Dilraj Sokhi

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ocrelizumab in self-identified black and Hispanic people with relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Methods The Characterization of Ocrelizumab in Minorities with Multiple Sclerosis (CHIMES) trial, a prospective, open-label, single-arm, phase 4 study, intentionally recruited underrepresented populations in the US, Puerto Rico, and Kenya. Black and Hispanic people with relapsing multiple sclerosis aged 18–65 years with Expanded Disability Status Scale score 0–5.5 received ocrelizumab for 2 years. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with no evidence of disease activity in 3 components at week 48: protocol-defined relapse, 24-week confirmed disability progression, and disease …

Authentic Material Use In English Language Development Classrooms, Kenneth Fields

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects

With attention on the topic of globalization at an all time high, more and more focus has been shifted towards student-centric, evidence-based approaches for second language education. In order to address the perceived need of more culturally-centered content, this project attempts to answer the question: What are the benefits of using authentic materials over grammar-based texts and how can authentic materials be implemented into low-proficiency ELD classrooms? Authentic materials, or materials created by native language speakers not for the purposes of L2 education, have been gaining more popularity among educational researchers as second language acquisition theories have begun to favor …

Understanding And Cultivating Algebraic Thinking: A Case Study Of Middle Grades Multilingual Learners, Damiale Johnson

Curriculum and Instruction (Ed.D.) Dissertations

Multilingual learners often encounter challenges in mathematics classrooms due to the linguistic and interpretive demands of mathematical discourse and problem-solving. This qualitative case study investigated how three seventh-grade multilingual learners developed and demonstrated algebraic thinking during collaborative mathematical problem-solving tasks. Specifically, the study examined students’ strategies and resources, the challenges they encountered, and how language, collaboration, and representation supported algebraic and functional reasoning.

Guided by situated learning theory, sociocultural developmental theory, and the Algebraic Habits of Mind framework, the study emphasized social interaction, language, and contextualized problem-solving. Participants were Spanish-speaking multilingual learners developing academic proficiency in English in a middle …

The Role Of Complexity In Structural Transfer: A Corpus Study From Turkish And Bulgarian, Sarah Joy Russell

Theses and Dissertations

This study the explores the need to examine the increasingly varied methods of quantifying morphological complexity in regards to their ability to influence structural borrowing across languages, with particular attention to the distinction between enumerative complexity (enumeration of all of the morphemes and distinctions in a system) and integrative complexity (entropy-based calculation of the class distinctions of the system). While existing models in contact linguistics often assume that structurally simpler languages are more likely to serve as sources of grammatical transfer, such accounts typically rely on enumerative measures of complexity alone and do not fully account for the role of …

Co-Designing Multimodal, Multilingual Text Sets: Centering Caregiver Choice, Katie M. Crook, Emily Howell, Lindsey W. Rowe, Hazel Vega Quesada, C. C. Bates

Publications

Early literacy instruction in the U.S. often centers monolingual, English-dominant practices that marginalize multilingual learners and their families. This qualitative design-based research study examines a family literacy initiative that engaged caregivers and teachers as co-designers of a multilingual, multimodal literacy resource bag. Using the MultiSemiotic Architecture Framework, we analyzed qualitative data to explore how collaborative text selection can advance linguistic justice in early childhood education. Findings highlight five themes that shaped intentional text selection and supported multilingual home literacy practices: content, language, cultural relevance, curricular alignment, and collaborative modifications. By centering families' cultural and linguistic resources, the project disrupted monolingual …

Lawrence B. Solum, Lawrence B. Solum

Faculty CVs

No abstract provided.

Designing System Coherence For Content- Based English Language Development, Jeimee Estrada-Miller, Aline Matias, Raquel Gonzalez, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira G. Armas

Center on English Language Proficiency Implementation Briefs

Advancing Comprehensive English Language Development: Designing System Coherence for Content-Based English Language Development is the second in a four-part implementation series focused on advancing high-quality English language development (ELD) systems. Drawing on research on educational change, organizational coherence, and instructional improvement, the brief recognizes that while effective classroom practices are essential, their impact depends on the organizational conditions that support consistent implementation. This brief examines the "how" of implementation by emphasizing system coherence—the intentional alignment of policies, leadership, organizational structures, and resources around a shared vision for language and content learning. It introduces seven foundational practices that support the coherent …

Operationalizing Ethics For Ai Agents: How Developers Encode Values Into Repository Context Files, Christoph Treude, Sebastian Baltes, Marc Cheong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

As AI coding agents become embedded in software development workflows, developers are beginning to operationalize ethical principles by encoding behavioral rules into repository-level context files for AI agents, such as AGENTS.md files. Rather than examining the ethics of AI agents in the abstract, this vision paper investigates how ethics and values are already being translated for AI agents into actionable instructions that shape agent behavior. Through a preliminary investigation, we find that developers are already embedding guidance related to fairness, accessibility, sustainability, tone, and privacy. These artifacts function as a developer-authored governance layer, translating abstract principles into situated, natural-language directives …

A Dataset Of Agentic Ai Coding Tool Configurations, Matthias Galster, Seyedmoein Mohsenimofidi, Levi Böhme, Jai Lal Lulla, Muhammad Auwal Abubakar, Christoph Treude, Sebastian Baltes

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Agentic AI coding tools such as Claude Code and OpenAI Codex execute multi-step coding tasks with limited human oversight. To steer these tools, developers create repository-level configuration artifacts (e.g., Markdown files) for configuration mechanisms such as Context Files, Skills, Rules, and Hooks. There is no curated dataset yet that captures these configurations at scale. This dataset, collected from open-source GitHub repositories, fills that gap. We selected 40,585 actively maintained repositories through metadata filtering, classified them using GPT-5.2 to identify 36,710 as belonging to engineered software projects, and systematically detected configuration artifacts in these repositories. The dataset covers 4,738 repositories across …

Spatiotemporal Sycophancy: Negation-Based Gaslighting In Video Large Language Models, Ziyao Tang, Pengkun Jiao, Bin Zhu, Huiyan Qi, Jingjing Chen, Yu-Gang Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Video Large Language Models (Vid-LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in video understanding tasks, yet their robustness under conversational interaction remains largely underexplored. In this paper, we identify spatiotemporal sycophancy, a failure mode in which Vid-LLMs retract initially correct, visually grounded judgments and conform to misleading user feedback under negation-based gaslighting. Rather than merely changing their answers, the models often fabricate unsupported temporal or spatial explanations to justify incorrect revisions. To systematically investigate this phenomenon, we propose a negation-based gaslighting evaluation framework and introduce GasVideo-1000, a curated benchmark designed to probe spatiotemporal sycophancy with clear visual grounding and temporal reasoning requirements. …

Oscbench: Benchmarking Object State Change In Text-To-Video Generation, Xianjing Han, Bin Zhu, Shiqi Hu, Franklin Mingzhe Li, Patrick Carrington, Roger Zimmermann, Jingjing Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Text-to-video (T2V) generation models have made rapid progress in producing visually high-quality and temporally coherent videos. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on perceptual quality, text–video alignment, or physical plausibility, leaving a critical aspect of action understanding largely unexplored: object state change (OSC) explicitly specified in the text prompt. OSC refers to the transformation of an object’s state induced by an action, such as peeling a potato or slicing a lemon. In this paper, we introduce OSCBench, a benchmark specifically designed to assess OSC performance in T2V models. OSCBench is constructed from instructional cooking data and systematically organizes action–object interactions into …

Tranx-Adapter: Bridging Artifacts And Semantics Within Mllms For Robust Ai-Generated Image Detection, Wenbin Wang, Yuge Huang, Jianqing Xu, Yue Yu, Jiangtao Yan, Shouhong Ding, Pan Zhou, Yong Luo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rapid advances in AI-generated image (AIGI) technology enable highly realistic synthesis, threatening public information integrity and security. Recent studies have demonstrated that incorporating texture-level artifact features alongside semantic features into multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can enhance their AIGI detection capability. However, our preliminary analyses reveal that artifact features exhibit high intra-feature similarity, leading to an almost uniform attention map after the softmax operation. This phenomenon causes attention dilution, thereby hindering effective fusion between semantic and artifact features. To overcome this limitation, we propose a lightweight fusion adapter, TranX-Adapter, which integrates a Task-aware Optimal-Transport Fusion that leverages the Jensen-Shannon divergence …

Rendering Data Unlearnable By Exploiting Llm Alignment Mechanisms, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on massive, heterogeneous text corpora, raising serious concerns about the unauthorised use of proprietary or personal data during model training. In this work, we address the problem of data protection against unwanted model learning in a realistic blackbox setting. We propose Disclaimer Injection, a novel data-level defence that renders text unlearnable to LLMs. Rather than relying on model-side controls or explicit data removal, our approach exploits the models’ own alignment mechanisms: injecting carefully designed alignment-triggers to prevent effective learning. Through layer-wise analysis, we find that finetuning on such protected data induces persistent activation …

Ontogenetic Variation In Palatal Morphology In Tufted And Untufted Capuchins, Valerie Contreras

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT Craniofacial variation and its relation to diet have been widely examined, but with less attention exclusively to the palate. Previous studies have shown that groups consuming a more resistant diet exhibit morphological differences in the craniofacial skeleton, including a longer and wider palate when compared to groups consuming a less resistant diet; similar patterns have been observed among captive vs. wild populations. Here, I present a 3D morphometric analysis of palatal ontogeny in tufted (Sapajus spp.) and untufted (Cebus spp.) capuchins and compare captive vs. free-ranging semi-provisioned Sapajus. Tufted capuchins are known to consume more mechanically resistant foods compared …

Colonization To Commodification To Codification: The Salimpour Method, Suhaila Salimpour

MFA in Dance Theses

This thesis examines how colonization and commodification have shaped the codification of belly dance though the Salimpour Method. Codification here refers to the process of naming, categorizing, and organizing of movement into a teachable system. While codification inevitably transforms tradition, it also serves as a method of preservation. As the inheritor of the Salimpour lineage, I trace how my mother, Jamila Salimpour, first codified belly dance and how I built on her work to create a comprehensive pedagogical system that situates belly dance within artistic and academic contexts. This study argues that the Salimpour Method is a strategy of preserving, …

#Metoo Vs. Anti-Dei, Nicole Porter

Faculty Publications

Nine years ago, the entire country was talking about the #MeToo movement, which can be credited with the unseating of hundreds of powerful men and changing the way we talk about and address sexual harassment in the workplace. In 2026, continued progress of the #MeToo movement might be threatened by a new movement-the Trump Administration's attack on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives. This article discusses the ways in which the #MeToo movement conflicts with the anti-DEI movement. Specifically, it addresses how employers will respond to pressure to dismantle DEI programs, offices, and training, and how those responses will affect …

Just Opt For Caesarean Section And Pick The Birthdate': A Qualitative Study Exploring Women's Delivery Preferences After Caesarean Section In Urban Tanzania, Daudi Gidion, Columba Mbekenga, Miriam Mgonja, Marleen Temmerman, Muzdalfat Abeid

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives To explore perspectives, preferences and decision-making regarding mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section among women in urban Tanzania.

Design A descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Setting A private tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Participants 11 women with one previous caesarean section who delivered at the study site were interviewed on the third day after delivery. Participants were purposively sampled to include both modes of delivery: five women underwent repeat caesarean section and six attempted a trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC).

Results Thematic analysis identified four key …

Health Beliefs And Lung Cancer Screening Uptake Among Eligible Asian Americans In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Julia G. Katcher, Kuang-Yi Wen, Christine S. Shusted, Jessica Liang, Kyunghee Koh, Hee-Soon Juon, Julie Barta

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: Asian Americans experience disproportionately late-stage lung cancer diagnoses and lower lung cancer screening (LCS) rates than other racial groups. This study evaluated the association between the

METHODS: This pilot randomized controlled trial, conducted April 2023-January 2024 within a Philadelphia health system, tested a culturally and linguistically tailored intervention led by community health workers. LCS completion and LCS-Health Belief Scale (LCS-HBS) responses were compared between control and intervention participants (

RESULTS: LCS completion was higher in the intervention group (45%) than in the control (31.3%). Control participants who completed LCS reported higher perceived lung cancer risk, greater perceived benefits, and …

Examining Data Richness In Undergraduate Students’ Reflections: A Linguistic Analysis Of Three Data Collection Methods, Kirsten A. Davis, Anne Wrobetz

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

Researchers select data collection methods for a variety of reasons. In our research on experiential education programs, we perceived that when we collected students’ reflections using different methods, the data we received was different. However, we found few existing studies to help us characterize what was different across our data sets to inform our decisions about which methods to use. Thus, the purpose of our study was to compare data richness across three data sets from previous studies of engineering students studying abroad, each collected using a different method (written diaries, interviews, video diaries). We used linguistic inquiry as a …