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Establishing New Territorializations In A Community-Engaged Tesol Program: Insights From College Student Experiences, Lourdes Cardozo-Gaibisso, Savanah Stewart, Daniela Coral Patino, Haylee Morman Jun 2026

Establishing New Territorializations In A Community-Engaged Tesol Program: Insights From College Student Experiences, Lourdes Cardozo-Gaibisso, Savanah Stewart, Daniela Coral Patino, Haylee Morman

Journal of English Learner Education

This article presents a community engaged learning experience and its instructional implications for TESOL. The instructional cultures established in policies and practices that dictate college students’ engagement with the “real world” are dependent upon the ways they respond to and translate existing territories in social, cultural, political, and linguistic interactions with multilingual learners and communities. From a Deleuzoguattarian perspective on territorialization and deterritorialization, this article problematizes how college students perceive, and question established norms and taken-for-granted ways of doing emphasizing the importance of reflective practices, ongoing supports for all participants involved, and partnerships with local communities, advocating for a nuanced …


The Relationship Between School Connectedness And Well-Being Among Racial Minority English Language Learners: Implications For School Counselors, Laura Craven, Jonathan Ohrt, Keeland Lodato Jun 2026

The Relationship Between School Connectedness And Well-Being Among Racial Minority English Language Learners: Implications For School Counselors, Laura Craven, Jonathan Ohrt, Keeland Lodato

Journal of English Learner Education

Students who feel connected to their school experience better academic performance, social competence, and mental health. English Language Learners (ELL) face unique challenges to school connectedness compared to their English-speaking peers. In this study, we explored the relationship between school connectedness and well-being for 205 racial minority ELL students. ELL students’ perceived school belonging was a significant predictor of well-being. We discuss implications for school counselors, including specific strategies for increasing ELL students’ school connectedness.


Sustained Reading: Multilingual Learners Exploring The Language Of A Text, Priscila J.B.M. Costa, Luciana C. De Oliveira, Meghan Love Jun 2026

Sustained Reading: Multilingual Learners Exploring The Language Of A Text, Priscila J.B.M. Costa, Luciana C. De Oliveira, Meghan Love

Journal of English Learner Education

In US schools, multilingual learners (MLs) are expected to meet the same rigorous disciplinary standards as their English-speaking peers while also developing proficiency in English. This article demonstrates how sustained reading, as part of the Teaching and Learning Cycle, can support MLs' access to disciplinary literacy through the explicit attention to language features. Grounded on the Language-based Approach to Content Instruction (LACI), the article presents a classroom vignette from a 5th-grade social studies lesson in which MLs dissected a mentor text. The lesson illustrates how code-breaking within sustained reading makes disciplinary language visible, helping students notice the linguistic choices common …


Are You Performing With A Band Or Singing Karaoke? Rethinking Co-Teaching Roles And Practices To Serve El-Classified Multilingual Learners, Jaclyn Bovee, Amanda K. Kibler, Martha Sandstead, Martha Castellón Palacios, Sarah Howard Jun 2026

Are You Performing With A Band Or Singing Karaoke? Rethinking Co-Teaching Roles And Practices To Serve El-Classified Multilingual Learners, Jaclyn Bovee, Amanda K. Kibler, Martha Sandstead, Martha Castellón Palacios, Sarah Howard

Journal of English Learner Education

As educators utilize various forms of teacher collaboration to address the academic and linguistic development of multilingual learners classified as English learners, it is important to understand teachers’ collaborative roles and practices and their influence on the instruction that students receive. In this Research and Theory article, we draw upon our findings from a recent qualitative study of middle and high school co-teachers in the United States to provide a research-based reflective tool that educators can use to explore their own collaborative practices in providing content and language integrated instruction. Drawing upon notions of interdependence and preparation, we present a …


The Woman In Hijab: A Performance Autoethnography Of Intersecting Identities In Arabic Language Teaching, Sayonara Tomoum Jun 2026

The Woman In Hijab: A Performance Autoethnography Of Intersecting Identities In Arabic Language Teaching, Sayonara Tomoum

Journal of Educational Research and Innovation

This performance autoethnography inhabits the pedagogical encounter between a North African Muslim woman in hijab teaching college-level Arabic and an African American Muslim student whose Islam traveled a different racial and geographic history. Race and religion move through every exchange, shaping who holds authority, whose Arabic counts, and how bodies are racialized and read through religious markers. This work draws on Della Pollock’s (2007) concept of error as a site of possibility and her performative question “What now?” to name pedagogical rupture as the moment when the conditions shaping the encounter become legible as knowledge. Through performative writing, this autoethnography …


Exercise-Induced Gene Expression Profiles In Adults With Obesity: A Systematic Review Of Molecular Adaptation, Brandon Galvan, Luis Alberto Flores, Flor Isela Torres-Rojo, Natanael Cervantes-Hernández, Cinthia Verónica Villegas-Balderrama, Liliana Aracely Enríquez-Del-Castillo Jun 2026

Exercise-Induced Gene Expression Profiles In Adults With Obesity: A Systematic Review Of Molecular Adaptation, Brandon Galvan, Luis Alberto Flores, Flor Isela Torres-Rojo, Natanael Cervantes-Hernández, Cinthia Verónica Villegas-Balderrama, Liliana Aracely Enríquez-Del-Castillo

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial and chronic condition characterized by excess adiposity and systemic low-grade inflammation. Exercise exerts metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects partly mediated through gene expression modulation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, heterogeneous responses among obese individuals suggest that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms shape exercise adaptation. Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify the genes and molecular pathways modulated by physical exercise in adults with obesity, and to classify them according to their biological functions across different exercise modalities. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, SpringerLink, Science Direct, Cochrane, LILACS, Web of …


Artificial Intelligence In Document Review: Statistically Defending The Process And Results Of E-Discovery Workflows, Aron Ahmadia, Nathan Reff, Matthew Reiber, Chad Roberts, Cristin Traylor Jun 2026

Artificial Intelligence In Document Review: Statistically Defending The Process And Results Of E-Discovery Workflows, Aron Ahmadia, Nathan Reff, Matthew Reiber, Chad Roberts, Cristin Traylor

Journal of Technology Law & Policy

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) for document review allows legal teams to process and produce electronic documents on a scale, speed, and cost that would have been unheard of only a few years ago.

But as legal teams become increasingly dependent on AI to locate and prioritize responsive documents, courts and opposing parties rightly demand heightened verification that the workflow is well designed and that the evidentiary output is sufficiently accurate to ensure a full and fair adjudication of the facts at trial. This Article explores the processes and statistical tools available to litigants to respond to related objections …


Teaching Evelina With Digital Humanities, Hilary Havens Jun 2026

Teaching Evelina With Digital Humanities, Hilary Havens

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

Digital humanities, an interdisciplinary field that applies digital methodologies and technologies to the humanities, is an excellent lens through which to approach the eighteenth century.  I integrate digital humanities tools and workshops alongside primary source readings in all of my eighteenth-century British literature classes to help students better understand those texts and the world in which they were created.  In my upper-level undergraduate class on late eighteenth-century literature, I teach four digital humanities tools to students, two of them (StoryMapJS and Voyant) in connection with Frances Burney’s Evelina (1778). These tools train students how to uncover historical and geographic contexts …


Reading Burney’S Mastectomy Letter: Presentist Thinking And Personal Responses In The Classroom, Heather Meek Jun 2026

Reading Burney’S Mastectomy Letter: Presentist Thinking And Personal Responses In The Classroom, Heather Meek

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

Frances Burney’s mastectomy letter, in its graphic and detailed depiction of the operation she underwent without anesthetic in 1811, does not always lend itself immediately to standard, scholarly classroom discussion. It tends, rather, to incite unusually intimate responses, as well as conversations about medicine and health today. In my teaching of the letter in literature courses at Université de Montréal over the course of the past 13 years, I have found that students are inclined to seize upon the subject of breast cancer as especially contemporary in its relevance and to share their own anecdotal knowledge of the disease. I …


Aspirational Mirrors: A Conceptual Model Of Alumni-Led Near-Peer Outreach For Precollege Engagement In Ocean Engineering, Habibi Palippui, Juswan Sade Jun 2026

Aspirational Mirrors: A Conceptual Model Of Alumni-Led Near-Peer Outreach For Precollege Engagement In Ocean Engineering, Habibi Palippui, Juswan Sade

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Precollege students in Indonesia, especially in rural and coastal regions, often lack exposure to engineering disciplines due to social, geographic, and informational barriers. This essay proposes a conceptual model of alumni-led near-peer outreach as an affective and culturally grounded mechanism to engage high school students in ocean engineering. Drawing from theories of social similarity, possible selves, and engineering identity, the model conceptualizes alumni as “aspirational mirrors” who influence students not merely through information but also through identification. The model outlines four primary mechanisms—social connection, narrative engagement, aspirational mirroring, and early identity activation—and also accounts for contextual variables such as school …


Who Are Pessoa’ English Heteronyms? A Review Of Maria Colom Jiménez’ Thesis Fernando Pessoa’S English Literary Characters, Mohamed Jalid Jun 2026

Who Are Pessoa’ English Heteronyms? A Review Of Maria Colom Jiménez’ Thesis Fernando Pessoa’S English Literary Characters, Mohamed Jalid

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This paper aims at introducing Maria Colom Jiménez[1]’ thesis Fernando Pessoa’s English Literary Characters: A critical Study and Assessment of Personalities and Texts, which was presented in 2016 at Universidad Complutense de Madrid in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctorate degree. Pessoa’s heteronyms (literary characters/ personalities) is presented herein not as pseudonyms, but rather as fictional characters that undertake, alongside or on behalf of him, the task of planning, thinking, creating and writing. Such an imaginary world is, according to Jiménez, the first literary endeavor that allowed him to develop what he called ‘drama emgente’ (drama in people). …


Challenge Preference Generation And Boundary Testing For Filter Bubble Prevention In Content Recommendation Systems, Anonymous Jun 2026

Challenge Preference Generation And Boundary Testing For Filter Bubble Prevention In Content Recommendation Systems, Anonymous

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are disclosed for managing negative preference boundaries in content recommendation. A boundary record is identified from explicit signals (e.g., natural-language dislikes, hides) or implicit signals (e.g., repeated exposure with low engagement) and stored with a confidence score and timestamps. Boundary confidence decays over time using an exponential decay with a floor. When a boundary’s decayed confidence meets a testing criterion, the system generates semantically adjacent challenge preferences using an ontology, including intersection bridges with liked topics, softened variants, or meta-content framings, and selects bridges using a plausibility score. One or more probe items matching a selected challenge …


Automated Service Case Triage Using Real-Time Sentiment And Sensitivity Analysis, Parnika Singhal, Deep Raithatha Jun 2026

Automated Service Case Triage Using Real-Time Sentiment And Sensitivity Analysis, Parnika Singhal, Deep Raithatha

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described to address potential challenges in enterprise service management that can arise from delayed feedback and manual case routing. A described technology can utilize a processing pipeline to perform near real-time analysis of service interactions. This pipeline can ingest text-based communication data, sanitize it to remove personal information, and apply a computational linguistic model to classify user sentiment and identify predefined sensitive topics. Based on this analysis, a system may enable automated workflows, for example, the intelligent routing or escalation of cases that meet certain sentiment or sensitivity criteria. The system can also provide real-time sentiment …


Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska Jun 2026

Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.


Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić Jun 2026

Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article traces the evolution of Milan Kundera’s notion of world literature across his career, contextualizing his writings within major historical events, including the so-called liberalization of Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, the post-1989 transition of the former Soviet bloc, and the turn of the millennium. Throughout the years, but particularly after his own immigration to France in 1975, Kundera consistently tied the notion of world literature with that of Central Europe to emerge with a conceptual framework that enabled him to position (semi-)peripheral European literatures within the Western canon. In his influential 2005 essay “Die Weltliteratur,” Kundera ultimately reframed the …


Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During Jun 2026

Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Erich Auerbach’s essay on world literature, written in the early postwar period, has become central to our understanding of the field. This essay contextualizes Auerbach on world literature by approaching it through his larger project, which it thinks about in relation to scholars rarely considered in this context. These scholars are the French literary historians and critics Hippolyte Taine and Remy de Gourmont, and the German historical sociologist Alexander Rüstow. To place Auerbach at an intersection of these very different figures turns out to be illuminating. It both enlarges our sense of him and helps us better understand why he …


Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan Jun 2026

Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article looks at how Slovene intellectuals and writers in the 1930s attempted to redefine the role of a small nation within the world-system in the face of global economic crisis, authoritarianism, imperialism, and the threat of fascist expansion. Three central interventions are examined in detail: firstly, Josip Vidmar’s culturalist defense of Slovenia as a nation defined by its intellectual and artistic achievements, which is contrasted with Edvard Kardelj’s Marxist reinterpretation of the Slovene national question as part of a broader anti-imperialist struggle; secondly, Anton Ocvirk’s peripheral model of comparative literary history, which emphasizes the creative contribution of small literatures …


Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan Jun 2026

Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This essay investigates how Zheng Zhenduo (郑振铎 1898–1958) developed a theory of world literature in response to threats to China both politically from without and culturally from within. Centered on an analysis of his 1922 article “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀), the essay argues that although Zheng believed like many of his contemporaries in the transformative effects of reading world literature in translation, that does not constitute the entirety of his theorization of world literature. Instead, he accepted the first-move advantage of other national literatures in defining both world literary standards and literature …


Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang Jun 2026

Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This article examines Chinese literary scholar Zheng Zhenduo’s 1922 essay “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀) as a counter-narrative to both imperial isolationism and post-World War I nationalist fragmentation. Writing at the intersection of China’s May Fourth Movement and the global post-war crisis, Zheng developed a theory of world literature that challenged both Goethean Eurocentrism and the compartmentalization of comparative literary studies. Through systematic analysis of Zheng’s theoretical writings, editorial projects, and pioneering work on folk literature (suwenxue 俗文學), this article demonstrates that Zheng’s project of “the unification of literature” operated on three …


An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin Jun 2026

An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The Vsemirnaia Literatura publishing house was founded in Petrograd by Maxim Gorky less than a year after the October Revolution. Aligned with the objectives of the new regime, its mission was to translate and publish a substantial body of European and Asian poetry and prose, thereby contributing to the broad cultural education of the emerging Soviet generations. These ambitions clearly reflect a key element of Gorky’s conception of culture as well: for Gorky, culture in its broadest sense (encompassing literature, art, music, and science) had the potential to unite humanity under the ideals of peace and harmony. Within this new …


A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri Jun 2026

A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In 1907, Rabindranath Tagore delivered a lecture on world literature to an audience in Calcutta, the then capital of British India. Amid powerful and intersecting forces—colonialism and nationalism, industrial modernity and mass poverty—Tagore’s position on literature was neither disengaged nor defensive, insofar as he related it to the human condition and the capacity for world-making. Far from staking a representational claim to world literature on behalf of Indian or Bengali literature, I argue in this article, Tagore reconceptualized the idea from its earlier canonical formulation by Goethe. He departed from dominant nineteenth-century philosophies that conceived the world as a spatial—and …


Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng Jun 2026

Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

It is widely assumed that Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels regarded world literature as an epiphenomenal product of the capitalist world market, and therefore as a symptom of rather than potential cure to the crisis of modern society. However, this conflicts with the fact that they designated the Communist Manifesto itself as a world-literary production—the joint work of communists of various nationalities—and opposed it to the national limitations of German socialist literature. This article challenges existing interpretations by outlining how Marx and Engels incorporated the humanistic idealism of the Goethean Weltliteratur tradition into the theoretical framework of historical materialism. It …


World Literature: From Perpetual War To Perpetual Peace (And Back Again), Sándor Hites Jun 2026

World Literature: From Perpetual War To Perpetual Peace (And Back Again), Sándor Hites

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In this article, I address the relationship between world literature theories and questions of peace and war. I argue that the genesis of the concept of world literature in the 1790s was informed by profound transformations, in political theory, of the issue of the relevance and meaning of war and peace and their public perception. Theorists such as Wieland, Novalis, Jean Paul, and Fichte offered their concepts in response to the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, adjusting them to shifting frontlines and the change of military fortune. Goethe’s notion of Weltliteratur already reflected on the geopolitics of the post-Napoleonic age, …


Unmasking Twitter Bots: An Applied Machine Learning Approach, Rayane El Raba’A, Layal Abu Daher Jun 2026

Unmasking Twitter Bots: An Applied Machine Learning Approach, Rayane El Raba’A, Layal Abu Daher

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rapid growth of social networks has led to increased challenges, such as fraud, cyberbullying, and the spread of automated accounts (bots). Detecting anomalies within these networks is essential to maintaining security and trust. This study explored machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression for anomaly detection in social networks, specifically focusing on Twitter bot identification, By applying AI-driven data mining techniques to a dataset of 37,438 Twitter bot accounts dataset, the research evaluates the effectiveness of these models in detecting unusual patterns. XGBoost achieved the highest accuracy (84.9%), with an ROA_AUC of 0.87, …


Enhanced E-Commerce Recommendation Experience With Collaborative Sentiment Analysis And Ranked Content-Based Filtering, Sandi El Zein, Farah Hamze, Amani Merhi, Lynn Noureddine, Lama Affara Jun 2026

Enhanced E-Commerce Recommendation Experience With Collaborative Sentiment Analysis And Ranked Content-Based Filtering, Sandi El Zein, Farah Hamze, Amani Merhi, Lynn Noureddine, Lama Affara

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The rise of online shopping has made informed purchasing decisions increasingly difficult, as consumers face an overwhelming number of product choices and struggle to manually evaluate specifications and user reviews. This paper presents an AI-powered, sentiment-aware product recommendation tool that effectively aligns user preferences with real-world customer feedback from online reviews. The proposed system utilized Instruct ABSA deep learning models for feature extraction and DeBERTa-v3 for sentiment analysis to turn reviews into interpretable scores that would nominate optimal products. An interactive Rasa-based chatbot interface, TopPickAI, was developed to give a seamless user experience, educate users on product features, and conversationally …


Artificial Intelligence-Supported Assessment In Education: A Systematic Review Of Validity, Fairness, And Impact On Learning Outcomes, Mohammed Al Mohazie Jun 2026

Artificial Intelligence-Supported Assessment In Education: A Systematic Review Of Validity, Fairness, And Impact On Learning Outcomes, Mohammed Al Mohazie

Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences

Artificial intelligence (AI)-supported assessment is increasingly used in education to automate scoring, provide feedback, predict learner performance, and support instructional decision-making. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the validity, fairness, and learning impact of AI-supported assessment across educational contexts. A systematic search of ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Education Source identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized narratively following PRISMA 2020 guidance. The findings indicate that AI-supported assessment shows promising validity evidence, particularly in automated writing assessment, short-answer scoring, and predictive learning analytics, with several studies reporting …


Dynamically Constructing Geographically Optimized Routing Graphs From Unstructured Multi-Modal Media, Nikita Agarwal Jun 2026

Dynamically Constructing Geographically Optimized Routing Graphs From Unstructured Multi-Modal Media, Nikita Agarwal

Defensive Publications Series

A geographically optimized routing graph is dynamically constructed from unstructured multi-modal media. A transcript is generated from audiovisual data of a media item. Words or phrases satisfying geographic spatial anchoring criteria are identified and associated with a first geographic location. Visual analysis operations are performed on corresponding video frames to identify a second geographic location. A modality conflict is detected based on differences between the first and second geographic locations. The conflict is resolved by applying deterministic weighting to generate resolved geographic locations. A routing graph is generated by sequencing the resolved geographic locations based on physical geographic proximity independent …


Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha Jun 2026

Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article is the first focused attempt to explore India–East Africa relationships in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, approximately two to three millennia before the Common Era (3000–300 BCE) from a puranic perspective. While extensive scholarship exists on medieval and later Indo–African exchanges, the pre-Common Era period has remained underexplored. Drawing on Purāṇic cosmographies, Greco-Roman geographical accounts, African archaeology, and Indian Ocean trade studies, this research reconstructs possible networks of contact facilitated by monsoon navigation and long-distance exchange. Methodologically, the article integrates textual exegesis, comparative cosmography, and archaeological correlation. The findings suggest that Indian conceptions of Śaṅkha-dvīpa reflect …


Collaboration In The Spread Of Missionary Christianity In Africa: The Case Of The Apostolic Church Of Nigeria, Caleb Abiodun Adeleye, Oluwasegun Peter Aluko Jun 2026

Collaboration In The Spread Of Missionary Christianity In Africa: The Case Of The Apostolic Church Of Nigeria, Caleb Abiodun Adeleye, Oluwasegun Peter Aluko

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article explores the significance of collaboration in the spread of missionary Christianity in Africa through a historical study of The Apostolic Church of Nigeria (TACN). It examines how the partnership between British missionaries and Nigerian leaders produced a hybrid mission model that combined Western ecclesiastical structure with African spirituality. Drawing on historical records, church documents, and existing scholarship, the article adopts a narrative–analytical method to trace how figures such as Pastors George Perfect, Idris J Vaughan and DO Odubanjo negotiated issues of theology, finance and cultural identity. The study finds that collaboration initially fostered institutional growth and doctrinal development …


Generative Endurance Logic: An Axiomatic Framework For Reasoning About Outcome-Generating Objects Under Constraints, Hafiz Burhan Ul Haq, Muhammad Nauman Irshad Jun 2026

Generative Endurance Logic: An Axiomatic Framework For Reasoning About Outcome-Generating Objects Under Constraints, Hafiz Burhan Ul Haq, Muhammad Nauman Irshad

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces Generative Endurance Logic (GEL), a formal framework for studying objects through the outcomes they can produce. In many cases, an object cannot be judged only by a fixed truth value, score, or utility value. A rule, model, action, or strategy may behave well in one situation but fail when the context changes or when small perturbations occur. GEL addresses this issue by treating each object as a generator of outcomes. Each object a is linked to a generation map Ga:X×Ω→Y, where X is the context space, Ω is the …