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Strategy Of Allying General Dentistry Staffs Into Pre-Anesthetic Dental Assessment Reduces Perioperative Dental Injury Risk During General Anesthesia, Cheng Lu, Mei-Chun Chen

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Multimodal Large Language Models On Visually-Based Questions In The Japanese National Examination For Dental Hygienists: A Preliminary Comparative Study, Yoshino Kaneyasu, Yuichi Mine, Yoshie Niitani, Tsuyoshi Taji, Saori Takeda, Ryohei Tokinaga, Hideo Shigeishi, Toshinobu Takemoto, Naoya Kakimoto, Takeshi Murayama, Kouji Ohta

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The importance of oral health is globally recognized, which has increased the demand for qualified dental hygienists. This study assessed the performance of multimodal large language models (LLMs), on the Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists, focusing on their ability to answer visually-based questions and evaluating image-recognition capabilities. Materials and methods The 34th Japanese National Examination for Dental Hygienists (March 2025) supplied 213 multiple-choice questions (74 text-only, 139 visually-based). Five multimodal LLMs were tested: OpenAI o3-mini-high (o3-mh), ChatGPT-4.5 Preview (GPT-4.5), Gemini 2.0 Flash Thinking Experimental (Gemini 2.0), Gemini 2.5 Pro Experimental (Gemini 2.5), and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Claude 3.7). …

Correlation Between Dental Amalgam Fillings And Urinary Mercury Levels In The Jordanian Population: A Comparative Population-Based Study, Ibrahim Al-Odat, Saad Al-Fawaeir, Naser Odat

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The health risks of mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings remain controversial. Urinary mercury levels are used as a tool to assess mercury exposure toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of dental amalgam fillings on urinary mercury levels in the Jordanian population. Materials and methods This study recruited an experimental group of 108 participants with dental amalgam fillings and control group of 109 participants without dental amalgam fillings. Urinary mercury levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Results The results showed a statistically significant increase in urinary mercury concentration in participants with dental amalgam fillings compared …

Measurement Of Predictive Validity Of Admission Criteria Used By Public Dental Colleges In Pakistan. Time To Reconsider, Shahid Akhtar Akhund

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Dentistry education evolved from treating painful teeth to comprehensive oral care program. Oral health is an integral component of general healthcare. Like medical institutes, dental institutes have introduced admission tests as a component of selection criteria. However, various selection criteria components are not investigated for their predictive validity. This study aimed to measure the predictive value of selection criteria used in Pakistani dental colleges. This study provides recommendations for revision of weightings of admission criteria. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, quantitative and longitudinal cohort study. Deidentified data from a public dental college of Pakistan were analyzed. The …

Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta In Taiwan, Kun-Jung Hsu, Han-Sheng Chen, Chun-Ming Chen, Yu-Chuan Tseng, I-Chin Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone and dental structures, often reducing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Maintaining OHRQoL in individuals with OI depends greatly on their dental conditions. Thus, this study identified key dental factors associated with OHRQoL in this population. Materials and methods Thirty-seven patients with OI participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, oral habits, self-perceived oral health, and OHRQoL. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate dental status. Associations between dental variables and OHRQoL were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. …

Bacterial–Host Interactions In Periodontal Prognosis: Role Of P. Gingivalis And Il-8, Ying-Chu Lin, Ting-Yi Renn, Chang-Yu Lee, Nai-Chia Teng, Yung-Kai Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose The combined effects of Porphromonas gingivalis with other pathogens and host inflammatory on treatment prognosis remain underexplored. This study investigated associations between P. gingivalis bacterial co-infection, salivary IL-8 levels, and prognosis following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and methods Seventy-four participants underwent NSPT were recruited. Subgingival specimens were collected before treatment and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Salivary IL-8 levels and periodontal clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and one month after scaling and root-planing (SRP). Saliva samples were analyzed for IL-8 levels using a commercial kit. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between pathogens, IL-8, and …

Laser-Modified Titanium Surfaces Induce Sex-Dimorphic Secretion Of Angiogenic Factors By Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Ting-Han Chang, Hsin-Han Hou, Yi-Shing Shieh, Her-Hsiung Huang, Da-Yo Yuh

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Dental implants have been applied to restore missing dentition for more than fifty years. However, whether different surface modification on implant provide topographical cues that alter sex-specific effect on peri-implant angiogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether titanium surface modifications influence sex-specific chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and angiogenesis-related functions in human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs). Materials and methods We collected health gingival tissues from sixteen subjects (eight females and eight males) and isolated primary GMSCs. The primary GMSCs were cultured on three types of titanium surfaces: machined, lasered, and SLA (sand-blasted, large-grit, acid-etched). Chromatin accessibility and …

Systematic Evaluation Of Genetic Polymorphisms In Carcinogen Metabolizing Enzymes Associated With The Risk Of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Occurrence, Chao Lou, Yuhan Zhu, Linjun Shi, Wei Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Accumulated studies investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in carcinogen metabolizing enzymes with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) risk. However, these results were inconsistent and conflicting. The purpose of this pooled analysis was to systematically evaluate the associations of SNPs in 6 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1) with risk of OPMD occurrence. Materials and methods A systematic evaluation was performed to identify all eligible case ndash;control studies on the association between SNPs in 6 enzymes and OPMD onset. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate association strength. Results A …

The Health Screening Measure For Ionizing Radiation Workers Under The Labor Insurance In Taiwan: A Case Study Of Dental Assistant Health Management In A Dental Clinic, Feng-Chou Cheng, Ling-Hsia Wang, Yu-Ling Wu, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Collaborative Care For Children's Oral And Holistic Health Among Physicians And Dentists In Taiwan, Feng-Chou Cheng, Ling-Hsia Wang, Yin-Lin Wang, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Risk Of Deep Vein Thrombosis In Patients With Periodontitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study In Taiwan, Ying-Ting Yeh, Nai-Chen Shih, Ping-Ju Chen, Yu-Hsun Wang, Chao-Bin Yeh

Journal of Dental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Condylar Position Displacement Using Various Centric Relation Recording Techniques Based On Maximum Intercuspation Position: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ling-Shiuan Huang, Yen-Chang Huang, I-Ting Wu, Shinn-Jyh Ding

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/ purpose: Restoring tooth defects is a key clinical task for dentists, aimed at either maintaining or reconstructing a functional occlusal dentition. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing centric relation (CR) and maximum intercuspal position (MIP) condylar positions obtained using various CR techniques, and to verify the reproducibility of these methods.

Materials and methods: The PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published before January 2026. The single-arm meta-analysis used a random-effects model to calculate the overall effect size.

Results: This study included 12 articles published …

Epigallocatechin Gallate In Dentistry: Therapeutic Applications, Biomaterial Integration, And Translational Challenges, Chloe Jui-Yun Chang, Fang-Yu Fan, Yung-Li Wang, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Yang-Che Wu, Yu-Chia Chang, I-Ta Lee

Journal of Dental Sciences

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive catechin in green tea, has attracted increasing attention in dentistry because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, matrix-modulating, and regenerative properties. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the biological mechanisms, dental applications, and translational challenges of EGCG in oral healthcare. EGCG can modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-related responses, and has activity against oral disease-associated microorganisms and biofilms. In periodontal therapy, EGCG has been investigated as an adjunct …

Cephalometric And Soft Tissue Determinants Of Esthetic Outcomes After Single-Jaw Mandibular Setback Surgery In Skeletal Class Iii Patients: A Retrospective Study, Chun-Te Ho, You-Ru Chen, Tsui-Hsien Huang, Jnug-Chun Yeh, Tzu-Yu Peng, Chia-Tze Kao

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Orthognathic surgery is an effective treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusion; however, the relative influence of skeletal and soft tissue variables on postoperative esthetic outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among cephalometric parameters, soft tissue changes, and esthetic outcomes following single-jaw mandibular setback surgery.

Materials and methods: A retrospective study was performed on 258 adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion subspinale-nasion-supramentale (ANB) angle < 0° who were treated between 2016 and 2021. Patients were divided into three groups: bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy (BVRO) group (n = 99), genioplasty alone group (n = 30), and BVRO plus genioplasty group. (n = 129). Cephalometric and …

Isoliquiritigenin Represses The Pro-Fibrotic Tgf-Β/Smad2 Signaling And Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (Neat1) In Oral Submucous Fibrosis, Chi-Shan Tseng, Shih-Min Wang, Yi-Wen Liao, Her-Hsiung Huang, Cheng-Chia Yu, Yicyuan Chen

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) has shown anti-fibrotic potential in several organ systems, but its effects on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remain unclear. This study investigated whether ISL attenuates myofibroblast activities in buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs) from OSF patients by modulating TGF-β/Smad2 signaling and the long non-coding RNA NEAT1.

Materials and methods: Primary normal BMFs and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) were isolated from human buccal mucosa, and cell viability, collagen gel contraction, migration, and wound closure were examined after ISL treatment with or without arecoline. TGF-β1 secretion was quantified, while protein expression of phosphorylated Smad2, COL1A1, and α-SMA was analyzed, and …

Dual-Layer Biphasic Calcium Phosphates/Tantalum Pentoxide Coating On Titanium For Concurrent Biocorrosion Resistance And Enhanced Biocompatibility, Ying-Sui Sun, Kai-Yi Lin, Wei-Cheng Chen, Her-Hsiung Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Titanium (Ti) dental implants must resist biocorrosion while maintaining biocompatibility. This study developed a dual-layer biphasic calcium phosphates/tantalum pentoxide (BCPs/Ta₂O₅) coating on Ti to improve both biocorrosion resistance and biological performance.

Materials and methods: A dense Ta₂O₅ inner layer was fabricated via a hydrolysis–condensation process to act as a corrosion barrier. Subsequently, a porous BCPs outer layer was deposited by electrochemical cathodic deposition to provide a bioactive interface. Surface morphology, functional groups, crystalline structure, wettability, surface free energy, coating thickness and nanostructure, protein adsorption, and in vitro bioactivity were characterized. Biocorrosion behavior was evaluated using polarization curve measurements in …

Developing Anti-Inflammatory Mineral Trioxide Aggregate As Dental Implant Crown Cement To Reduce Peri-Implantitis Incidence, Yung-Fu Hsu, Sea-Fue Wang, Yi-Le Liao, Chih-Sheng Lin, Ssu-Chi Chen, Sheng-Yang Lee, Wei-Chun Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

背景/目的：牙周組織周圍的牙科樹脂黏固劑殘留是植體周圍炎的原因之一。嚴重病例可能導致植體鬆動或脫落。因此，本研究旨在對礦物三氧化物聚集體（MTA）進行改性，使其成為一種抗發炎的牙科植體冠黏固劑（ICC）。

材料與方法：本研究評估了去離子水溶液（Daq）、羥基磷灰石溶液（Haq）和氯化鈣溶液（Caq）對ICC凝固時間、抗壓強度、黏結強度和生物相容性的影響。以單因子變異數分析（ANOVA）檢定各實驗組間的差異（ P < 0.05）。

結果：表面微觀結構分析表明，添加Haq和Caq有助於ICC顆粒間的結合。表面元素分析表明，添加Haq增加了Ca離子含量。凝固時間結果表明，與Daq相比，Caq和Haq分別使最終凝固時間縮短了46.5%和34.7%（ P < 0.05）。 Caq的抗壓強度分別比Daq和Haq高35.1%和13.4%（ P < 0.05）。三種ICC組的黏接強度結果表明，樹脂黏接劑的效果相同（ P > 0.05）。生物相容性和清除活性測試表明，ICC優於樹脂黏接劑。

結論： ICC與Caq合併使用可縮短凝固時間、提高抗壓強度、增強生物相容性並降低發炎發生的可能性。因此，ICC與Caq聯合使用可作為牙科樹脂黏固劑的替代方案。

Biomechanical Effects Of Titanium Alloy Removable Partial Denture Framework Designs Fabricated By Selective Laser Melting In Mandibular Kennedy Class Ii Partial Edentulism: A Finite Element Study, Min-Chieh Chang, Ping-Ching Wu, Wei-Shao Lin, Yung-Chung Chen

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: The biomechanical effects of framework design and material interactions in mandibular free-end saddle removable partial dentures remain unclear. This study evaluated framework variables using finite element analysis.

Materials and methods: A mandibular Kennedy Class II model was digitized to create a cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and sixteen Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) frameworks varying by major connector dimension, clasp configuration, and lingual reciprocal assembly (LRA). Periodontal ligament (PDL) and mucosa layers were incorporated. Contacts were defined, and materials were assumed homogeneous and isotropic. Vertical and oblique loads were applied, and von Mises stresses were analyzed. Model validation was performed using digital image correlation. …

Ensemble Learning For Predicting Periapical Lesions From Dental Radiographs, Fang-Yuan Liao, Ming-Jyun Jian, Abdullah Sarini, Yulianto Jesica, Yen-Kun Lin, Hsun-Yu Huang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Diagnosing periapical cysts and granulomas using periapical radiographs is challenging due to subtle radiographic differences. This study aimed to develop a machine learning–based diagnostic framework to improve lesion classification through ensemble learning and dentin standardization.

Materials and methods: Five models—Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Nu-SVC, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree—were trained on 144 pre-treatment periapical radiographs (70 cysts and 74 granulomas). Dentin standardization normalized grayscale values to ensure feature consistency. A weighted soft voting strategy was employed to integrate predictions, with model weights derived from individual diagnostic performance. Model performance was evaluated via five-fold cross-validation. Statistical significance among models …

2-O-Methylmagnolol Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression By Targeting C-Myc Signaling, Chi-Yuan Chen, Tzong-Ming Shieh, Chin-Chuan Chen, Yann-Lii Leu, Yu-De Chu, Miaw-Jene Liou, Yi-Tsen Liu, Hsin-Wei Lin, Kai-Yin Chen, Cheng-Chia Yu, Tong-Hong Wang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by aggressive growth and frequent recurrence, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. Magnolol, a bioactive compound derived from Magnolia officinalis, exhibits anti-tumor activity. In this study, we synthesized a methoxylated derivative, 2-O-methylmagnolol (MM1), and evaluated the anti-OSCC efficacy and underlying mechanisms of magnolol and MM1.

Materials and methods: Human OSCC cell lines (SAS and OECM1) were treated with magnolol or MM1. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed using functional assays. Cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry and DiOC₆/PI staining. Protein expression of c-MYC and downstream regulators …

Wherefore Art Thou Competitors? How Situational Affordances Help Differentiate Among Prosocials, Individualists, And Competitors, Y. Liu, A.W. Stivers, R.O. Murphy, N.J. Van Doesum, J. Joireman, M. Gallucci, E. Aharonov-Majar, U. Athenstaedt, L. Bai, R. Böhm, N.R. Buchan, X.-P. Chen, K.B. Dumont, J.B. Engelmann, Li, Norman P., H. Euh, S. Fiedler, J. Friesen, S. Gächter, C. Garcia

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Triple Dominance Measure (choosing between prosocial, individualistic, and competitive options) and the Slider Measure (“sliding” between various orientations, for example, from individualistic to prosocial) are two widely used techniques to measure social value orientation, that is, the weight individuals assign to own and others’ outcomes in interdependent situations. Surprisingly, there is only moderate correspondence between these measures, but it is unclear why and what the implications are for identifying individual differences in social value orientation. Using a dataset of 8021 participants from 31 countries and regions, this study revealed that the Slider Measure identified fewer competitors than the Triple …

Artificial Intelligence, Fundamental Motives, And Evolutionary Mismatch, Amy J. Lim, Jose. C. Yong, Edison Sora Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In recent years, the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and psychology has garnered unprecedented attention, particularly following the advent of generative AI tools in 2022. These tools, capable of producing human-like text, images, and even deepening our understanding of cognitive processes, have not only captured the public imagination but also sparked new concerns and debates within the psychological community. While AI has been a subject of research for decades, the emergence of its generative capabilities has truly thrust AI into the spotlight. This article explores how these advancements are reshaping our understanding of human cognition and behavior, as well as …

Creating A Social Media Campaign, Alexa Capeloto

Open Educational Resources

Students research an issue related to social good and apply visual, news, and digital literacy skills to design an original image and a proposed social media campaign.

Toxicology Case Study Model, Ana Pego

Open Educational Resources

Graduate students apply laboratory skills to an authentic forensic toxicology case by interpreting evidence, recommending analytical methods, and presenting a critical group assessment.

Artificial Intelligence Applications In The Diagnosis And Management Of Cleft Lip And Palate: An Updated Review, Tu Manh Nguyen, Uyen Ngoc Thao Huynh, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Yang-Che Wu, Chien-Fu Tseng, I-Ta Lee

Journal of Dental Sciences

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies, significantly affecting both function and aesthetics while placing a considerable burden on healthcare systems worldwide. With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in various medical fields, a thorough evaluation of its role in CL/P management has become essential. Therefore, this review was undertaken to summarize recent clinical applications of AI in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of CL/P. A comprehensive search of PubMed and IEEE Xplore was conducted from January 1, 2015, to May 31, 2025, using combined …

Impact Of Female Hormonal Changes Throughout Life On Oral Health: A Scoping Review, Inês Lopes Cardoso, Mayane Fryde, Maria Inês Guimarães, Fernanda Leal

Journal of Dental Sciences

This work looks at the impact of female hormonal fluctuations throughout life, during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, on oral health. These physiological periods, marked by major variations in estrogen and progesterone levels, influence oral health, so the following question was formulated: to what extent do female hormonal fluctuations influence oral health? Through a scoping review of 37 scientific articles selected using a rigorous methodology (in particular using the Rayyan tool), it was possible to highlight clinical manifestations specific to each hormonal stage. In adolescent girls, puberty is frequently accompanied by exacerbated gingivitis, independent of dental plaque. During pregnancy, the …

Patient-Related Factors Influencing Delays In Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Insights From Pakistan, Muhammad Usman Amanat, Hutcha Sriplung, Duangporn Kerdpon

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose South Asia has a high burden of oral cancer (OC); however, delays in diagnosis remain under-researched. The study investigated delay intervals in OC diagnosis and the contributing factors in rural Pakistan, considering its unique sociocultural context. Materials and methods This multi-center cross-sectional study employed a structured questionnaire to interview 152 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The diagnostic intervals were determined using the Aarhus Statement. Logistic regression assessed the association between independent factors and delay types. Results Patient delays occurred in 76.3 % of cases, mostly due to appraisal delays (65 %), while diagnostic delays appeared in 51.3 %. …

Relationship Between Tooth Loss And Tongue Pressure And The Effectiveness Of Removable Denture For Older People Requiring Long-Term Care, Madoka Funahara, Yuki Sakamoto, Haruka Oyama, Sakiko Soutome

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Aspiration pneumonia is a major health concern among older adults, particularly those requiring long-term care. It is often caused by silent aspiration of saliva-containing pathogenic bacteria and exacerbated by impaired oral and swallowing functions. Tongue pressure is a key factor in maintaining these functions, and its decline is associated with increased bacterial amount in the saliva and higher mortality. However, the relationship among tongue pressure, occlusal status, and prosthetic treatment in older individuals requiring care remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between tooth loss and decreased tongue pressure in older individuals requiring long-term care, and to …

Improvement In Oral Hygiene Among Bedridden Patients Following Domiciliary Dental Care: A Retrospective Study, Min Yee Ng, Chuan-Hang Yu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Background/purpose Domiciliary dental care (DDC) offers dental services in the comfort of a patient's home, typically for bed-bound patients. Poor oral hygiene in this group has been associated with pneumonia. Although DDC reduces the risk of pneumonia, its impact on oral hygiene has not been explored yet. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of DDC in improving oral health in bedridden patients. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed individuals who received dental services and evaluated their oral hygiene status using the plaque index (PI). Demographic data (age, sex, cause of bedridden state) and oral findings (DMFT, number …

Challenges And Best Practices For The Development Of Coastal Hazard Decision Support Tools, Noah Hallisey

Open Access Dissertations

There is growing interest in developing Decision Support Tools (DSTs) supporting emergency managers and other decision-makers during coastal storm events. Yet many tools fail to inform decision-making due to challenges associated with their development and transition into operational tools for real-time decision-making. This dissertation investigates these challenges and offers best practices for their development and implementation for real-world decision-making through a literature review, interviews with subject matter experts in the United States, and a real-world case study.

Manuscript 1 reviews existing published literature to understand whether and how tool developers are incorporating emergency managers in the development of DSTs and …