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Aligning Higher Education Preparation Programs With Workforce Needs: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Jeffrey M. Warren

Perspectives In Learning

While institutes of higher education are highly dynamic, academic programs and faculty within them often operate in an isolated, independent manner. As a result, the training they deliver can lack the interdisciplinary perspectives students need to navigate a diverse and evolving workforce successfully. This editorial explores the importance of interdisciplinary training and discusses the challenges college students who lack exposure to collaborative, integrative learning face as they transition to their respective professions. Finally, faculty are encouraged to consider strategies to enhance training in preparation programs and best position their graduates for success in interdisciplinary contexts.

Alan Decker V. Pennsylvania Department Of Corrections

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Ultrasonography Of Normal Fetal Kidney Width Measurement For Estimation Of Gestational Age In Sudanese Pregnant Women, Mohamed Omer Mustafa Omer, Mohaned Haleeb Edris, Ali H. Adam, Mohammed A. Abdelmotalab, Hamza Idriss

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: A precise estimate of gestational age (GA) is essential for providing optimal maternity care and determining the labor date. Aim: This study aimed to determine gestational age between the 14th and 40th weeks for Sudanese pregnant women by measuring the normal fetal kidney width using ultrasound. Methods: The study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study in Khartoum and Gezira states, Sudan, from June 2016 to May 2017. Three hundred ninety healthy pregnant women aged between 15 and 45 years were assessed by ultrasound, with overall normal well-being fetuses. Linear regression models for estimating gestational age were developed based …

Infants And Young Children Feeding Practices Among Mothers Attending Primary Health Care Centers In Basrah, Jhood Molan, Russell Abdul Hussain, Naba Jawad Kazem, Alaa Kazem Lefta, Heba Abdul Razzaq Hassan

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Malnutrition accounts for sixty percent of annual deaths among children under five years in developing countries, attributed to inappropriate feeding practices, including non-diverse and insufficient feeding. Improving the nutrition of children under five is a top priority for human development in these regions. Caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice of young child feeding are essential factors for child health and growth. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to assess infants and young children feeding practice among mothers attending primary health care centers in Basrah. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 250 mothers attending five primary health care …

Electronic Smoking Prevalence And Awareness Among Al-Nahrain Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study, Nibras Alaa Hussain, Tamara Ala’A Hussein

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Smoking is a significant global cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, resulting in six million deaths worldwide each year. Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults globally. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of electronic smoking and awareness among Al-Nahrain undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. Data were collected during March and April, 2022. A total of 474 undergraduate students completed a modified standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-26. Results: The prevalence of electronic smoking was found to be …

Evaluation Of D-Dimer Level In Covid-19 Patients, Amal Malik, Noor Kadhim Mohamed-Jawad, Hiba Dawood, Ali Adnan Mohsin

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with prothrombotic complications, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product, serves as a biomarker for coagulation abnormalities. This study evaluates the role of D-dimer in predicting disease severity and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Aim: To assess correlations between D-dimer levels and age, gender, comorbidities, disease severity, and hospitalization needs in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 78 COVID-19-positive patients admitted to an outpatient clinic was conducted. Data on demographics, comorbidities, vaccination status, disease severity, and admission D-dimer levels were analyzed using statistical tests (t-tests, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U). Results: The …

Does Valsartan Affect The Cytotoxicity Of Doxorubicin When Used As A Cardioprotective Drug Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity ?, Shaymaa Fadhil Abbas, Ahmed Bader Abdulwahid, Duha Emad Omran, Nehaya Mnahi Al-Aubody, Mohammad Fawzi Albadran

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Doxorubicin is widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug. It has several serious side effects, including cardiotoxicity. Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker that plays a cardioprotective role against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Aim: The aim of our study is to evaluate whether the combination of valsartan and doxorubicin affects the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in treating cancer using an in vitro breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Methods: Different concentrations of doxorubicin, valsartan, and their combination were tested to detect their cytotoxic effects on the cell line using MTT colorimetric assay method. Three duplicates of each concentration and control were made. …

Mean Platelet Volume (Mpv), Mean Platelet Count, And Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (Rdw) In Acute Coronary Syndrome (Acs), Jenan Al Ansary, Amani Hameed Abdulsahib, Ruqia Hameed Abdulsahib, Iman Abdulrasool Bachay

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) reflects anisocytosis, which is the variability in erythrocyte size. This parameter is commonly used in the differential diagnosis of various types of anemia Mean platelet volume (MPV) demonstrates platelet size and serves as an indirect marker of platelet activation. Both RDW and MPV have been proposed as potential markers for cardiovascular disease severity and prognosis. Aim: To evaluate the role of RDW, MPV, and the MPV/PLT ratio as supporting indicators in the diagnosis and severity assessment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 104 patients diagnosed with ACS (ST-elevation …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcomes Of Acute Coronary Syndrome In A Group Of Patients In Slemani Cardiac Hospital, Khakan Radha Rostem, Amanj Kamal Muhammad, Hamza Hakim Abdullah, Renas Othman Hamad

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a subcategory of coronary artery disease (CAD) that encompasses a range of thrombotic cardiovascular events and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of ACS patients can vary significantly based on geographical location, healthcare facilities, and population demographics. These variations highlight the importance of region-specific studies to better understand the presentation, management, and outcomes of ACS in diverse populations. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic profile, cardiovascular risk factors, seasonal variations, clinical presentations, and in-hospital outcomes of ACS patients admitted to Slemani Cardiac Hospital. Methods: …

Platelet Count Pitfalls Between Routine And Advanced Techniques, Dhuha Ali, Sadiq Khalaf Ali

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Precise quantification of platelet counts is a fundamental aspect of clinical hematology, pivotal in diagnosing and managing conditions such as thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis. However, inconsistencies in platelet measurements across various automated hematology analyzers present significant challenges, potentially compromising the reliability of results. This variability is especially critical when platelet counts inform urgent clinical interventions, including the administration of platelet transfusions. Aim: The present study evaluated the accuracy of Sysmex XN-350 and Mindray in comparison to flow cytometry, the gold standard for platelet counting. Methods: 120 blood samples were categorized into thrombocytopenic, thrombocytosis, and normal groups. Platelet counts were measured …

A New Vitamin D Deficiency Cut-Off Value In Basrah, Iraq, Majid Alabbood, , Haider Alrubaye

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common health issue worldwide. Clinical observations have shown that most healthy individuals living in Iraq and the Middle East are vitamin D deficient. This study aimed to establish the true cut-off value for vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D) in Basrah, Iraq, by analyzing the value at which parathyroid hormone (PTH) begins to rise above its reference range. Aim: This study sought to determine the true cut-off value for vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D) in Basrah, Iraq by analyzing the value at which PTH starts to exceed its reference range. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving …

The Pattern Of Immunoglobulin Production In Secretory Myeloma And The Relationship Between Relevant Hematological And Clinical Parameters In Basrah, Mays Husseinawi, Sadiq Khalaf Ali

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Plasma cell disorders encompass a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign to malignant. Among malignant plasma cell disorders, multiple myeloma is the most common and well-recognized entity. Aim: To identify the pattern of immunoglobulin production in secretory myeloma in Basra and correlate findings with hematological and clinical data. Methods: A retrospective study of 143 patients with plasma cell disorders was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Basrah Oncology Center, Iraq. Clinical data, relevant laboratory parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, renal function tests, and serum calcium), bone marrow examination findings, radiological findings of bony lesions, and results from serum/urine protein electrophoresis …

Post-Induction Minimal Residual Disease Study By Flow Cytometry In Pediatric B All And Its Correlation With Initial Clinical And Laboratory Parameters, Huda Ali Alnaseri, Yassmin Ali Alaamiri, Hussam Mahmood Salih

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer characterized by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of immature lymphoid cells. Among its subtypes, B-lineage ALL in children represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in the pediatric population. Despite high survival rates, relapsed or refractory cases remain challenging. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD), detected by flow cytometry, is a strong prognostic marker that guides the intensity of post-induction therapy. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between post-induction MRD, measured by multicolor flow cytometry, and the initial clinical and laboratory parameters in pediatric patients with B-ALL. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was …

Psychiatric Disorders Among Divorced People In Basrah, Jamal Abdulzahra, Rafal W. Khalid, Aqeel Ibraheem Al-Sabbagh

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Divorce has been linked to increased psychiatric morbidity; however, studies in regions such as Iraq remain sparse. Despite the known mental health challenges that often follow divorce, the impact within the Iraqi context—shaped by unique cultural changes—demands focused exploration. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among divorced individuals, identify psychiatric disorders post-divorce, and assess the impact of various sociodemographic variables on psychiatric morbidity in this population. Methods: Employing a case-control design, this study was conducted in collaboration with local courts and psychiatric clinics in Basrah. A total of 154 participants, divided equally between divorced …

Clinical Evaluation Of Intraoperative Indocyanine Green (Icg) Fluorescent Cholangiography During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Study, Mariam Akeel, Issam Al-Najjari, Ali Dawood

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed globally. While it is generally considered safe, there remains a risk of serious biliary injuries occurring during the procedure. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble, non-toxic dye that allows real-time intraoperative visualization of the extrahepatic biliary tree. Aim: This study aims to compare the bile duct injury rate, duration of surgery, conversion rate, length of hospitalization, and overall outcomes between laparoscopic cholecystectomy with and without indocyanine green (ICG).  Methods: Ninety-two patients who underwent LC from October 2023 to October 2024 were included in the study; 42 of …

Levels Of 8-Isoprostane And Advanced Oxidation Protein Products In Relation To Sperm Count And Motility, Ahmed Sulaiman, Sherwan Salih

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in male infertility, with reactive oxygen species contributing to sperm dysfunction. Among oxidative stress markers, 8-isoprostanes (8-isoP) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) serve as indicators of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, respectively. However, their relationship with specific sperm abnormalities remains unclear. Aim: This study investigates the oxidative stress markers 8-isoprostane (8-isoP) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) across different semen profiles and explores their correlation with sperm count and motility to evaluate their potential as diagnostic biomarkers in male infertility. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on male partners of infertile couples between May …

Association Of Matricellular Protein, Growth Factor, And Transcription Factor With Molecular Subtypes Of Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study, Marwa Munther Homman, Eman Tariq Ali, Maitham Ali Alrikabi

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising molecular subtypes such as Luminal A, Luminal B, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER-2)-Enriched, and Triple Negative, each with distinct clinical, molecular, and immunological features. Immunological markers play a critical role in modulating tumor behavior, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Aim: This study aimed to identify key immunological markers that correlate with the molecular (intrinsic) subtypes of breast cancer and to explore their potential as prognostic factors. Methods: Serum samples from 180 breast cancer patients (56 untreated and 74 treated) were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to determine the levels of four …

Corrigendum: Prevalence Of High Tricuspid Regurgitation Jet Velocity In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Amer Al Mansory

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Post-publication Author Correction Following publication of the above article, the Editorial Office of the Iraqi National Journal of Medicine (IqNJM) received a formal request on 7 July 2025 from Dr. Assad Faisal Al-Kuheli requesting a correction to the authorship of the article, including removal of one author and rearrangement of the author sequence. Upon receipt of this request, the Editor-in-Chief initiated a formal investigation in accordance with the journal’s bylaws and authorship correction policy. As part of this process, Dr. Weal Al-Shehaby and the Editor-in-Chief contacted all originally listed authors as well as the newly proposed author, both directly by …

Beyond The Exam Room: Pediatricians Advocating Through State Aap, Heidi Sallee, Kelly Kreisler, Thuylinh Pham

Grand Rounds

1. Evaluate the current political climate and effects on child health at a National and State level.
2. Identify key child health policy issues for the states of Missouri and Kansas.
3. Use different forms of advocacy to share personal expertise.
4. Partner with state AAP Chapters to improve child health outcomes locally.

St. Ann's Apartments Llc V. Pickett

All Decisions

In this holdover proceeding, the landlord sought possession after the tenant of record, the respondent's cousin, passed away, alleging the respondent's license expired. The tenant asserted succession rights as a non-traditional family member, arguing emotional and financial commitment and interdependence. Despite limited documentary evidence and contrary testimony from the landlord's superintendent, the court found the tenant's and the deceased's brother's testimony credible. The evidence demonstrated the tenant resided in the apartment as a primary residence for over two years and provided extensive care and support to the ailing tenant of record. The court granted succession, dismissing the proceeding and ordering …

The Role Music Plays In Facilitating Transformation And Self-Actualization In Israeli Music Students Impacted By Trauma, Adina Feldman

Educational Studies Dissertations

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the role music plays in facilitating transformation and self-actualization among Israeli undergraduate and alumni music students who have experienced trauma or post-traumatic stress disorder. Guided by social constructivist and humanistic-existential frameworks, this research employs a narrative methodology to examine how music operates as a medium for meaning-making, resilience, and growth in non-clinical contexts. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and the analysis of musical compositions and artifacts from two singer-songwriters who transformed personal adversity into creative expression. The findings reveal that although trauma leaves lasting psychological and emotional effects, engagement with music enables …

Sociolooking: A Theory Of Looking Together And Choreographing Looking Experiences, Avigail Shimshoni

Educational Studies Dissertations

Abstract

This dissertation addresses gaps in understandings of looking in research and practice by creating and defining sociolooking. Sociolooking is a theory of looking together and choreographing looking experiences. Researchers, educators, and practitioners across many fields value close looking and have offered step-by-step strategies for facilitating looking. While these strategies and related research are instrumental in understanding discrete aspects of looking and learning to look, they do not fully acknowledge or explore the underlying social and dynamic ways people engage in looking in everyday situations. This leads to the creation of one-dimensional, potentially inaccessible, or ineffective experiences. On the …

A Hermeneutic Exploration Of Professional Place-Based Belonging Experienced By Faculty In Covid-19 Informed Undergraduate Formal Learning Places, Jennifer Ryley Welsh

Educational Studies Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the rhythms of higher education and redefined the ways faculty experienced connection, identity, and purpose within formal learning places. This study examined professional belonging by exploring the question: What was the lived experience of belonging for teaching faculty in a COVID-informed undergraduate formal learning place? The aim was to investigate how belonging was constructed, challenged, and reimagined during a period of collective disruption. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology and framed as a scholarly imram – a journey of wandering and insight drawn from Irish mythology – the research engaged nine faculty participants through semi-structured interviews. Data …

Research Progress In Antagonistic Bacteria Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Caiqi Wang, Yuansong Ma, Xinrui Zhao, Pei Zhou, Sifan Lu, Yuxin Li, Yinbiao Xu

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

Staphylococcus aureus,a common Gram-positive foodborne pathogen,is ubiquitous in the human skin and respiratory tract.It can cause pneumonia,pleurisy,endocarditis,food poisoning,sepsis and other infectious diseases.The widespread and long-term use of antibiotics has aggravated the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus.In particular,the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains has greatly reduced the therapeutic effect.Therefore,developing new antibacterial means to replace or assist existing antibiotics has become an urgent need.Microbial natural products are important resources for the development of new antibiotics,and antagonistic microorganisms play an important role.This paper reviewed the species of antagonistic bacteria against Staphylococcus aureus,the types of antibacterial active substances,and the commonly used screening methods of …

Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota And Immune Homeostasis To Prevent And Treat Food Allergy : A Review, Yao Chen, Zumeng Xia, Yijin Yang, Lianzhong Ai, Guangqiang Wang, Yan Zhang, Zhen Luo, Yong Zhou, Yongjun Xia

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

Food allergy (FA) is a common immunological disorder,and its pathogenesis is primarily associated with a complex regulatory process involving CD 4+ T cells in the immune system,such as the polarization of Th 2 cells and the imbalance between Treg/Th 17 cells.The balance of intestinal immune cells plays a critical role in the development of FA,while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may disrupt this balance,thereby contributing to the onset of FA.Probiotic intervention targeting the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the functions of immune cells to regulate immune responses,representing a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of FA.The authors …

Research Progress Of Gc-Ms-Based Metabolomics In Fermented Cereal Foods, Haichen Liu, Chang Liu, Hongyan Huo, Hui Xu, Shunxi Zhu, Lei Liu, Kui Zou

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

As an emerging discipline,metabolomics has gradually become the focus of food science research.Among numerous metabolomics analysis methods,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS ) has attracted much attention for its wide application.Fermented cereal foods occupy an important position in global dietary culture and are an indispensable type of foods in peopl e’s daily lives.The author reviewed the application of GC-MS based metabolomics for the development of fermented cereal foods,covering sample preparation,metabolite extraction,data analysis,and practical application in fermented cereal foods.Moreover,this paper elaborated on the advantages and limitations of GC-MS-based metabolomics in fermentation,aiming to provide a reference for further exploring the principles of food fermentation …

Differences In Important Chemical Components And Free Radical Scavenging Activities Of The Ginger Germplasm Resources From Fujian, Meichun Chen, Enquan Lin, Xuefang Zheng, Zuliang Li, Bo Liu, Jieping Wang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to analyze the important chemical components of different ginger germplasm resources from Fujian and evaluate their comprehensive quality and free radical scavenging activities.[Method ] Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS ) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS ) were employed to determine the importance chemical components in 13 ginger germplasm resources.Differences in the chemical compounds were analyzed by the cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA ).The free radical scavenging activities of the ginger germplasm resources against ABTS+ were further evaluated.[Result ] A total of 65 chemical compounds were identified from the 13 ginger germplasm resources,including …

Cyanidin- 3-Glucoside Ameliorates Ocular Surface Dysfunction In Rats With Dry Eye Disease, Ke Zhang, Ziyu Liu, Zhangben Yao, Peng Zhang, Lei Tian, Ying Jie, Yong Wang

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] Studies have shown that cyanidin- 3-glucoside (C3G),the main component of black rice anthocyanins,exhibits protective effects on retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE ) cells.However,there is a lack of in vivo evidence regarding the efficacy of C 3G in alleviating dry eye disease (DED ),which limits its application in ocular surface disorders.This study aims to investigate the protective effects of C 3G on DED in rats.[Method ] 24 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control,model,and C 3G groups.In model and C 3G groups,a DED model was established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide (4 times daily for 28 d).The …

Influences Of Different Withering Methods On The Quality Of Wuyi Rock Tea Produced From Rain-Soaked Leaves, Chengjiang Wei, Weijiang Sun, Zhechen Han, Peng Zhang, Weiwei Wu, Tao Wang, Qinglan Chen, Qi Lin, Jie Xu, Fuming Lin

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to investigate the effects of different withering methods on the quality of Wuyi rock tea produced from rain-soaked leaves.[Method ] The rain-soaked leaves of Wuyi Shuixian (Camellia sinensis ) were treated with three withering methods:comprehensive withering in a fermentation machine,natural withering,and withering in an automated withering equipment.Sensory evaluation,biochemical component detection,and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to comparatively analyze the flavor compounds.[Result ] The tea samples processed by the automated withering equipment (PW) exhibited the highest overall quality,characterized by a rich floral and fruity aroma,as well as a mellow,brisk,and refreshing taste.Cluster …

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Transformation And Immune Efficacy Of Black Ginseng Saponins, Kuo Wang, Bao Zhong, Mingran Luan, Fenglin Li, Zhongkui Lu, Guanran Wang, Kun Yao

Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

[Objective ] This study aims to elucidate the transformation process of black ginseng saponins and their immunomodulatory mechanisms.[Method ] An ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method was employed for the transformation of black ginseng saponins,and the mass concentration of black ginseng saponins was determined.Furthermore,the immunomodulatory effects of black ginseng saponins were investigated through animal experiments.[Result ] Under the conditions of an enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 40 ℃,an enzyme mass fraction of 8%,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 60 min,and ultrasonic treatment time of 25 min,the mass concentration of black ginseng saponins increased from 1 615.40 μg/mL to 3 351.38 μg/mL,which represented an increase of 107.47%.The …