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Making Art For The Love Of The Game, Alissa Beth Burch
Making Art For The Love Of The Game, Alissa Beth Burch
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
“Making Art for the Love of the Game” interweaves visual aesthetics from video games and associated online fan community practices with self-portraiture to reflect and process personal past medical trauma, a developmental period in online interactive environments, and showcases self-expressive fan content which joins an underrepresented and emerging sub-culture to contemporary art. Working through an interdisciplinary studio practice, combining printmaking, found-sticker collage, and painting refracts digital aesthetics found in online communities. I intentionally juxtaposed these physical modes of making with digital subjects to examine these subjects’ merit as artistic mediums. It reflects a contemporary mode of art making, and acts …
The Place Between Places, Harrison Burke
The Place Between Places, Harrison Burke
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
The Place Between Places is a collection of essays centered on belonging. Focusing on the composition of city streets, theme parks, and hidden pockets of wonder, belonging is explored as the product of place and culture. The perspective of the collection shifts between reflection and active exploration, using present moment journeys as catalysts to unravel the past. In every new discovery there is a ghost, past and present journeys fighting for their place in the constructed narrative called “self.”
The collection primarily makes use of braided essays and nonlinear storytelling. “Animal” blends together three night walks through New York, Seoul, …
The Bite Model And Multi-Level Marketing: How Monat Propagates, Lilly D. Cheung
The Bite Model And Multi-Level Marketing: How Monat Propagates, Lilly D. Cheung
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This study aims to understand how MONAT Global Corp, a Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) company, utilizes rhetoric that aligns with Steven Hassan’s BITE Model of Authoritarian Control. Hassan is a cult expert and cult survivor whose work primarily explains undue influence and thought control with BITE representing Behavior, Information, Thought, and Emotional control. The MLM MONAT is a haircare brand that operates through a recruitment-and-sales-based hierarchy, in which sellers sign up and work under one another in a layered marketing structure. To meet quotas and maintain ranks, representatives will use rhetorical strategies to recruit new sellers beneath them in their ‘downline’ …
Taming Wildfires, Bianca Dagostino
Taming Wildfires, Bianca Dagostino
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Taming Wildfires is a novella immersed in the mind of a young woman named Lilla with intense, undiagnosed mental illness attempting to reenter society after losing the crutch of her long-term partner. The novella engages with the intersection of queerness, mental illness, interracial relationships, and the society of recent past (2023-2024), and deals with themes of isolation, loss, self-image, and emotional healing. Readers are invited fully into Lilla’s mind as she navigates a long-term friendship strained by proximity and a new romance marred by omission. These relationships are overcast by her loss, her skewed reality, and her conflicting desires to …
En Tiempos De Extinción, Adialyz Del Valle Berríos
En Tiempos De Extinción, Adialyz Del Valle Berríos
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
En Tiempos de Extinción is a collection of short, mostly speculative, stories exploring themes of community, exploitation, resistance, and the ever-present effects of colonialism in nearly every aspect of life. “El Amor de una Diosa es Amor Suficiente” centers on a young girl’s initiation into a community that will do whatever it takes to indoctrinate the young. “Al Aire Libre” focuses on two tenured professors determined to enjoy their last day on the job, navigating the complicated feelings of what progress means in a world that prioritizes capital. In “OVNI,” the history of a wacky television dating show unravels …
An Examination Of The Impact Of School Accountability On Data-Driven Decision-Making By Florida Educational Leaders, Emily Galucho
An Examination Of The Impact Of School Accountability On Data-Driven Decision-Making By Florida Educational Leaders, Emily Galucho
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
This mixed-methods study examined how accountability influences educational leaders' data-driven decision-making (DDDM) practices in Central Florida. Grounded in the principal-agent and consequential accountability frameworks, the study investigated demographic predictors, implementation challenges, and the role of accountability in DDDM. Educational leaders completed online surveys measuring DDDM perceptions across five subscales and responded to open-ended questions. The responses were analyzed through multiple regression, correlation, and thematic coding.
Accountability emerged as DDDM's strongest predictor, significantly exceeding demographic and organizational variables. Five implementation challenges were identified: Data Literacy Gaps, Data Timeliness Issues, Resource Constraints, Implementation Fidelity, and Systemic Barriers. Accountability demonstrated dual effects: many …
Physical Activity And Health Outcomes In Children With Dyslexia During Summer Versus School Months, Tina J. Glatz
Physical Activity And Health Outcomes In Children With Dyslexia During Summer Versus School Months, Tina J. Glatz
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Children in the United States continue to experience rising rates of overweight and obesity. Children with learning disabilities are twice as likely to have obesity than typically developing peers, partly due to difficulties with motor skills and behavior regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare differences in health outcomes and physical activity (PA) during summer versus school months in children with dyslexia, using a within- subject study design.
At three timepoints (May, August, December 2025), children’s height, weight, and fitness were measured via a portable stadiometer, dual-frequency foot-to-foot bioelectric impedance device, and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance …
Reflection In Still Waters: Generative Ai's Production Of Language, Jonathan D. Hawks
Reflection In Still Waters: Generative Ai's Production Of Language, Jonathan D. Hawks
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Language is a conceptual process of meaning-making as well as a social construction as defined by Saussure, Bakhtin, and Lacan. Large Language Models (LLMs) engage with neither process and instead present language as a finished and consumable product which undermines its fundamental aspects. The difference between representing language through probability and its structural components instead of its more inherent qualities is not a pointless distinction. This paper utilizes Narcissus as a central metaphor to show how people misread the outputs of LLMs as language which imparts to those reflected words meaning on par with our own conceptualizations of reality. People …
If Your Muses Don't Hate You..., Hannah Howe
If Your Muses Don't Hate You..., Hannah Howe
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
If Your Muses Don’t Hate You… interrogates a speaker who feels she lacks the tools needed to properly assess trauma and grief. This collection follows the speaker as she delves into obsessive analysis of self, often using metaphysical lenses as methods of comprehension. Each section explores a facet of the subject’s identity, and examines whether her heartache is self-inflicted, preordained, or both. Six of the seven sections provide the reader with imaginative interpretations of the speaker’s natal chart, allowing the reader the opportunity to analyze alongside the speaker. The first half of these sections present the speaker struggling to separate …
Two Essays On Geopolitical Risk And Investment Decisions, Jie Hu
Two Essays On Geopolitical Risk And Investment Decisions, Jie Hu
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
My first essay studies how global institutional investors adjust cross-country equity allocations in response to rising geopolitical risk. Using quarterly equity holdings of institutional investors over 1997–2023, combined with news-based global and country-specific geopolitical risk indices, I find that following increases in geopolitical risk within a country, foreign institutions actively reduce their allocations in that country and the nearby region. Elevated global geopolitical uncertainty triggers both a flight-to-home response toward domestic equities and a flight-to-safety effect toward U.S. equities. Investor responses are heterogeneous: Institutions with higher geopolitical risk sensitivity respond more aggressively, whereas larger or better-performing hedge funds often maintain …
Benchmarking And Advancing Heterogeneous Data Reasoning With Large Language Models, Yebowen Hu
Benchmarking And Advancing Heterogeneous Data Reasoning With Large Language Models, Yebowen Hu
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly face complex real-world tasks requiring complex reasoning over heterogeneous inputs, including text, numbers, and structured data. This dissertation first investigates the capability boundaries of LLMs under such scenarios. Through the MeetingBank and SportsMetrics benchmarks, we show that while LLMs exhibit linguistic fluency, they struggle with factual accuracy, information density, and quantitative cross-referencing in meeting summarization and sports analysis. Using DecipherPref, a pair-wise evaluation framework grounded in the Bradley-Terry-Luce model, we further probe LLMs' inherent preferences for information-rich and lengthy inputs, and we identify critical deficiencies in financial decision-making through DeFine, where models lack precise insight …
Essays On Network Resilience: Enhancing Network Resilience Through Network Governance Structure, Process, Environment, And Leadership, Hanvit Kim
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
As disasters become more complex, their impacts often cascade across interdependent systems, creating failures that extend beyond any single organization or sector. Because such crises cut across organizational and sectoral boundaries, effective response depends not only on the capacity of individual organizations but also on the resilience of interorganizational networks. Yet despite the growing importance of networked coordination in disaster response, the concept of network resilience remains underdeveloped in the literature, with limited consensus on its definition, measurement, and determinants. This dissertation addresses that gap by systematically examining what network resilience is, how it can be conceptualized and assessed, and …
Specters, Fred Lambert
Specters, Fred Lambert
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Specters is a collection of interconnected short fiction that explores the lives of various characters affected by the Iraq War. Touching upon themes of mortality, dehumanization, guilt, and the trauma inflicted by senseless violence, the stories in this collection aim to blur the line between the concrete and the phantasmagoric. The titular story follows a young Marine whose grip on reality is called into question during the Second Battle of Fallujah. In “Demons,” a recruit undergoing the chaotic and brutal grind of Parris Island begins to wonder if his drill instructors are possessed. “Kill Bodies” chronicles the repeated killing of …
Behavioral Economic Factors Implicated In Young Adult Drinking In The Natural Environment: An Ema Study, Tatiana Magri
Behavioral Economic Factors Implicated In Young Adult Drinking In The Natural Environment: An Ema Study, Tatiana Magri
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Background: Young adult (YA) alcohol use remains a prominent public health concern. Despite research efforts aimed at mitigating harms related to drinking, rates of alcohol use and adverse outcomes related to use, remain high among YAs. Previous research has identified alcohol demand, craving, and delay discounting as risk factors for problematic drinking among YAs. However, few studies have concurrently examined these constructs using methodologies that maximize ecological and contextual validity. Method: YA individuals (N=104) completed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing three demand indices (i.e., intensity, Omax, and breakpoint), delay discounting, craving, and alcohol use and problems. Participants received …
The Revelations, Lily Mckenna
The Revelations, Lily Mckenna
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
The Revelations is a self-actualization in the form of a poetry collection. The speaker’s realization that reality is relative arrives through a Title IX case against an abusive boyfriend and former bandmate. Poems such as “Complainant / Respondent” use rigid legal structures to investigate the fluidity of truth and perception and how they can be manipulated. With her band on hiatus and the case propelling her into a new world, the speaker starts running DIY shows alongside a cast of characters with a shared love of music. She interrogates their realities in the character studies “On The Relative Reality Of…,” …
"Time And Place Have Had Their Say": A Digital Historical Context Guide To Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Anna Kephart Norris
"Time And Place Have Had Their Say": A Digital Historical Context Guide To Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, Anna Kephart Norris
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Harlem Renaissance author, anthropologist, and folklorist Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) is best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. As part of the modern American literary canon, Their Eyes Were Watching God is assigned in countless secondary and post-secondary classrooms across the United States each year. Yet students find the book difficult to understand and educators find it challenging to teach due to its dialect, racial themes, and nuanced historical setting. In this paper, I argue that better understanding of Their Eyes Were Watching God's historical context eases these difficulties in reading and teaching the …
Tl;Dr (Too Long; Didn't Read): Examining The Assessment And Causes Of Careless Responding Within Experimental Vignette Studies, David L. Sexton Jr.
Tl;Dr (Too Long; Didn't Read): Examining The Assessment And Causes Of Careless Responding Within Experimental Vignette Studies, David L. Sexton Jr.
Graduate Studies Theses and Dissertations 2026
Careless responding occurs when participants answer survey items without considering their content and poses a serious threat to data quality. However, while past research has examined its deleterious effects on both survey and low-stakes cognitive ability measures, little research has focused on careless responding in experimental vignette methodology (EVM) research. EVM studies require participants to attend to one or more experimental vignettes, which are carefully crafted written scenarios designed to manipulate a focal variable across conditions. However, if participants are careless in attending to study vignettes, they may not be exposed to the researchers’ intended experimental manipulations, thereby precluding them …
Evaluation Of Chromium-Crosslinked Amps-Hpam Copolymer Gels: Effects Of Key Parameters On Gelation Time And Strength, Maryam Sharifi Paroushi, Baojun Bai, Thomas P. Schuman, Yin Zhang, Mingzhen Wei
Evaluation Of Chromium-Crosslinked Amps-Hpam Copolymer Gels: Effects Of Key Parameters On Gelation Time And Strength, Maryam Sharifi Paroushi, Baojun Bai, Thomas P. Schuman, Yin Zhang, Mingzhen Wei
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Controlling CO2 channeling in heterogeneous reservoirs remains a major challenge for both enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and secure geological storage. AMPS-HPAM copolymers exhibit high-temperature resistance and brine tolerance compared with conventional HPAM gels, making them well suited for the harsh environments associated with CO2 injection. Chromium-based crosslinkers (CrAc and CrCl3) were investigated because sulfonic acid groups in AMPS can coordinate with trivalent chromium ions, enabling dual ionic crosslinking and the formation of a robust gel network. While organic crosslinked AMPS-HPAM gels have been widely studied, the behavior of chromium-crosslinked AMPS-containing systems, particularly their gelation kinetics under …
Effect Of Ionic Strength On Gelation Time And Strength Of Amps-Based Polymer Gels, Maryam Sharifi Paroushi, Xuyang Tian, Baojun Bai, Thomas P. Schuman, Yin Zhang, Mingzhen Wei
Effect Of Ionic Strength On Gelation Time And Strength Of Amps-Based Polymer Gels, Maryam Sharifi Paroushi, Xuyang Tian, Baojun Bai, Thomas P. Schuman, Yin Zhang, Mingzhen Wei
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Polymer gel treatment has been widely applied for improving sweep efficiency and controlling excessive water and gas production. Their performance depends on gelation time and final gel strength. In most studies, brine salinity is used to describe the effect of formation water on gel behavior. However, changing salinity also changes ionic strength and ion composition at the same time. Because of this coupling, it is difficult to identify the mechanisms controlling gelation, which has led to inconsistent trends in the literature. Increasing salinity has been reported to either slow or accelerate gelation and to weaken or strengthen gels depending on …
Solubility And Dissolution Mechanism Of Novel Multi-Ester Headgroup Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yan Ling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shi Zhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Wen Jing Shi, Zhao Nian Zhang, Wen Hui Ding, Pei Xu Ma, Zan Gao
Solubility And Dissolution Mechanism Of Novel Multi-Ester Headgroup Surfactants In Supercritical Co2, Ning Xu, Yan Ling Wang, Baojun Bai, Shi Zhang Cui, Yu Zhang, Wen Jing Shi, Zhao Nian Zhang, Wen Hui Ding, Pei Xu Ma, Zan Gao
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
To address the limited solubility and applicability of conventional hydrocarbon surfactants in supercritical CO2, a series of multi-ester headgroup surfactants were designed and synthesized by leveraging the CO2-philic properties of ester groups. The molecular structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR. A custom-designed laser-based apparatus was developed to quantify surfactant solubility and systematically investigate phase behavior in CO2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate structure–solubility relationships across multiple scales, including solubility parameters, interaction energies, radial distribution functions (RDFs), and free volume fractions. Results indicate that, at 323.15 K, …
Reflections On Linear B (Part 13): Sign 21 May Derive From The Ancient Egyptian 'Wedjat Eye’ (‘Eye Of Horus’ But Also Associated With Ra), Gerald Leonard Cohen
Reflections On Linear B (Part 13): Sign 21 May Derive From The Ancient Egyptian 'Wedjat Eye’ (‘Eye Of Horus’ But Also Associated With Ra), Gerald Leonard Cohen
Arts, Languages and Philosophy Faculty Research & Creative Works
This article suggests that Linear B sign 21 (of unknown origin)
may derive ultimately from the Ancient Egyptian ‘wedjat eye’
(Eye of Horus). A point of special interest here is the possibility
that the pronunciation of Linear B sign 21 (designated as ‘qi’)
derives in abbreviated form from the Proto-Indo-European dual
of ‘eye’ and would therefore be the oldest Greek attestation of
that reconstructed PIE form.
The Impact Of Value Homophily, Rational And Emotional Persuasion On Information Passing Of Social Media Advertisements: A Model Comparison Approach, Gloria Hui Wen Liu, Cecil Eng Huang Chua, Neil Chueh An Lee, Jenny Hua Jen Wu
The Impact Of Value Homophily, Rational And Emotional Persuasion On Information Passing Of Social Media Advertisements: A Model Comparison Approach, Gloria Hui Wen Liu, Cecil Eng Huang Chua, Neil Chueh An Lee, Jenny Hua Jen Wu
Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works
Increasingly, businesses collaborate with influencers and content creators (the source) to advertise on social media, with social media users being exposed to an environment saturated with unsolicited advertisements. With social contacts remaining the most trusted advertisement sources, users' passing of such advertisements helps their dissemination and creates a specific kind of electronic word of mouth called information passing. Information passing involves users forwarding advertisements about products/services to someone else. Prior studies have found at least three factors influence information passing, including value homophily (similarity with the source as perceived by users), rational appeal (information about how a product can meet …
Hardware Without Humanware: Robot Adoption, Talent Structure Degradation, And Firm Innovation, Wenhao Sun, Zhenyu Wu, Chevy-Hanqing Fang
Hardware Without Humanware: Robot Adoption, Talent Structure Degradation, And Firm Innovation, Wenhao Sun, Zhenyu Wu, Chevy-Hanqing Fang
Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works
Contrary to the prevailing view that automation complements skilled labor in advanced economies, this study examines the unintended consequences of robot adoption in emerging markets. Drawing on strategic human capital theory, we exploit China's manufacturing sector as a natural experiment to identify the causal impact of industrial intelligence on firm-level innovation. Using a unique dataset of more than 90,000 public and private firms from the National Enterprise Innovation Database (2008–2014), we uncover a counterintuitive result: robot adoption significantly reduces firm innovation, which is notably more pronounced for private-owned firms and those with weaker innovation capabilities. Mediation analyses further show that …
One Size Doesn’T Fit All: Navigating Gendered Ageism In Older Women’S Entry Into Entrepreneurship, Yanying Chen, Zijie Song, Chevy-Hanqing Fang
One Size Doesn’T Fit All: Navigating Gendered Ageism In Older Women’S Entry Into Entrepreneurship, Yanying Chen, Zijie Song, Chevy-Hanqing Fang
Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works
Though older women may choose entrepreneurship as a way to escape discrimination in the labor market, they may face other forms of discrimination in the entrepreneurial domain. Drawing on intersectionality theory, we posit that older women encounter amplified discrimination due to the stereotype-consistent implications from gender and age norms, namely gendered ageism. Using 815,428 individual observations pooled across country–year surveys from 56 countries between 2009 and 2018, we found that older women were least likely to enter entrepreneurship. And this intersectional disadvantage could be mitigated by weakening the normative exclusion and possessing resource endowments that signal capability. However, strategies focused …
Gubernatorial Re-Election Incentives, Local Investment Bias, And Pension Fund Performance, Hongxian Zhang, Liang Guo, Jun Hao, Yu Liu
Gubernatorial Re-Election Incentives, Local Investment Bias, And Pension Fund Performance, Hongxian Zhang, Liang Guo, Jun Hao, Yu Liu
Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works
We investigate the impact of gubernatorial re-election incentive and political factors on US public pension funds from 1990 to 2022. Our empirical analysis finds no significant overall relationship between gubernatorial re-election incentives and local bias in the full sample. However, the effect of gubernatorial re-election incentives on local bias is influenced by a state's level of corruption. Specifically, in states within the lowest corruption quantile, governors eligible for re-election tend to prioritize local investments to gain consistent support. In contrast, in states within the highest corruption quantile, heightened scrutiny may encourage re-election-eligible governors to adopt conservative investment policies that do …
Counterfactual Indeterminacy Bias In Family Firm Research, Chevy-Hanqing Fang, James J. Chrisman, Alfredo De Massis
Counterfactual Indeterminacy Bias In Family Firm Research, Chevy-Hanqing Fang, James J. Chrisman, Alfredo De Massis
Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works
Ever since scholars recognized that family firms are heterogeneous, many studies have attempted to compare different types of family firms without ensuring that the source of heterogeneity is unique to family firms. When the source of heterogeneity among family firms resembles the source of heterogeneity among nonfamily firms, the problem of counterfactual indeterminacy bias can lead to misleading or irrelevant findings that fail to distinguish the effects of family influence from factors that affect all firms. We delineate common forms of this bias and offer recommendations to prevent it in research on family firm behavior and performance.
Rethinking English Medium Instruction For Dental Education In Taiwan, Ching-Shuen Wang, Feng-Chou Cheng, Wei-Chun Lin, Chun-Pin Chiang
Rethinking English Medium Instruction For Dental Education In Taiwan, Ching-Shuen Wang, Feng-Chou Cheng, Wei-Chun Lin, Chun-Pin Chiang
Journal of Dental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Book Review: Hwaji Shin, Being Korean, Becoming Japanese?: Nationhood, Citizenship, And Resistance In Japan, Ray Matsumoto
Book Review: Hwaji Shin, Being Korean, Becoming Japanese?: Nationhood, Citizenship, And Resistance In Japan, Ray Matsumoto
Asia Pacific Perspectives
No abstract provided.
Diasporic Challenges, Domestic Abuse And Patriarchal Norms Experienced By Migrant Pakistani Women In Australia, Safia Iftikhar, Shajimon Peter, Vicki Banham, Elizabeth Reid Boyd
Diasporic Challenges, Domestic Abuse And Patriarchal Norms Experienced By Migrant Pakistani Women In Australia, Safia Iftikhar, Shajimon Peter, Vicki Banham, Elizabeth Reid Boyd
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
This article examines diasporic challenges, domestic abuse and patriarchal ideologies that constitute unique diasporic lives of first-generation migrant married Pakistani women (MPW) in Australia. For this qualitative study, 21 MPW residing in Australia were recruited for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Results from the interpretative phenomenological analysis of data revealed the diasporic encounters MPW face in Australia and the influence of patriarchal ideology on their lives in navigating those encounters. MPW’s responses to patriarchal norms in their married lives fell on a spectrum, which include conformation to the norms of patriarchal familial structures on the one side and resistance and bargaining against …
Let’S Make The Change: Addressing The Knowledge Gaps And Building Confidence In Teaching Aboriginal Perspectives For Pre-Service Teachers, Sarah Booth, Libby Jackson-Barrett, Mary Anne Macdonald, Renae Isaacs-Guthridge, Sian Bennett
Let’S Make The Change: Addressing The Knowledge Gaps And Building Confidence In Teaching Aboriginal Perspectives For Pre-Service Teachers, Sarah Booth, Libby Jackson-Barrett, Mary Anne Macdonald, Renae Isaacs-Guthridge, Sian Bennett
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
Teaching Aboriginal perspectives and Aboriginal students by non-Indigenous teachers can feel daunting; however, this need not be the case. This study focuses on two frameworks that can be used to motivate pre-service teachers to feel more confident in teaching Aboriginal perspectives even when starting with trepidation in this area. To explain further, this study explored the impact an Aboriginal Contexts in Education unit had on pre-service teachers’ readiness to teach Aboriginal students and Aboriginal curriculum. Through two frameworks pre-service teachers were exposed to a range of Aboriginal perspectives through Aboriginal educators, authors, and resources, and spoke of their appreciation of …