Digital Commons Network^™

Interdisciplinary Swiss Consensus Recommendations For Follow-Up After Radical Cystectomy And Trimodal Treatment For Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer, Ernest Kaufmann, Stefanie Aeppli, Andres Affentranger, Nicolas Arnold, Winfried Arnold, Fabian Aschwanden, Panagiotis Balermpas, Jörg Beyer, Uwe Bieri, Joost Boormanns, Richard Cathomas, Berardino De Bari, Marco Dressler, Daniel S Engeler, Andreas Erdmann, Andrea Gallina, Silvia Gomez, Matthias Guckenberger, Thomas Herrmann, Thomas Hermanns, Ilaria Lucca, Hubert John, Thomas Matthias Kessler, Jan Klein, Mohamed Laouiti, David Lauffer, Seth Paul Lerner, Agostino Mattei, Michael Müntener, Daniel Nguyen, Philipp Niederberger, Alexandros Papachristofilou, Lukas Prause, Paul Martin Putora, Karsten Reinhardt, Emanuela Salati, Philippe Sèbe, Mohamed Shelan, Silvan Sigg, Räto Thomas Strebel, Arnoud Jan Templeton, Ursula Vogl, Marian Severin Wettstein, Stephen Wyler, Deborah Zihler, Thomas Zilli, Daniel Zwahlen, Beat Roth, Christian Daniel Fankhauser

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Radical cystectomy or trimodal therapy are treatment options for non-metastatic bladder cancer. However, there is limited evidence guiding post-treatment follow-up regimens, resulting in variations in care.

Objective: A Swiss consensus meeting aimed to identify gaps in follow-up strategies and subsequently tailoring follow-up protocols after curative treatment for bladder cancer.

Methods: A consensus meeting including participants from urology, oncology, radiation oncology, neuro-urology, international advisors, and patient representatives was held. 19 pre-formulated questions addressing follow-up duration, frequency, and modalities after radical cystectomy or trimodal therapy for bladder cancer were discussed and voted by participants.

Results: 42 experts from 22 institutions participated …

The All Of Us Evenings With Genetics Research Program, Stacy M Lloyd, Jasmine Baker, Carolina Jorgez, Julie Coleman, Laterrica Williams, April Adams, Ashley Butler, Elizabeth Atkinson, Shamika Ketkar, Steven Scherer, Kim Worley, Susan Fernbach, Keasia Daniels, Latanya Hammonds-Odie, Laura Rosales, Brendan Lee, Debra Murray

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The All of Us Evenings with Genetics (All of Us EwG) Research Program, funded in part by the National Institute of Health’s All of Us Research Program, engages researchers to utilize the All of Us Researcher Workbench to advance precision medicine. The All of Us EwG program has two core aims: (1) address barriers to research productivity for minorities, disadvantaged, and persons with disabilities aspiring to enter STEM fields; and (2) promote the use of the All of Us Researcher Workbench to develop research focused on health equity. To achieve these goals, the program implements three key activities: (1) …

Efficacy And Safety Of Pyrimidine Nucleos(T)Ide Therapy In Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency, Michio Hirano, Caterina Garone, Richard Haas, Carmen Paradas, Fernando Scaglia, Irene Rebollo Mesa, Carl Chiang, Anny-Odile Colson, Susan Vanmeter, Cristina Domínguez-González

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d) (MIM 609560) is an ultra-rare, autosomal recessive mitochondrial myopathy caused by TK2 variants, leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion and/or multiple deletions. People with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency experience progressive myopathy, bulbar weakness and respiratory insufficiency, often losing the ability to walk, eat and breathe independently. Doxecitine and doxribtimine represents the first approved treatment for patients with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency with age of symptom onset ≤12 years by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency; previously, disease management was limited to supportive care. We investigated the efficacy and safety of pyrimidine …

Proceedings Of The 13th Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: The Evolving Landscape, Chance R Fleeting, Eduardo M Moraud, Kamil Uğurbil, Doris D Wang, Wolf-Julian Neumann, Andrea A Kühn, Valerie Voon, Victor Pikov, Marie-Laure Welter, Michael D Fox, John D Rolston, Mahsa Malekmohammadi, Yagna J Pathak, Lyndahl M Himes, David Greene, Abbey S Holt-Becker, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Alexander W Charney, Amanda R Merner, Martijn Figee, Katherine W Scangos, Timothy Denison, Kent Leyde, Aysegul Gunduz, Helen M Bronte-Stewart, James C Beck, Nora Vanegas-Arroyave, Marta San Luciano, Norbert Brüggemann, Kelly D Foote, Michael S Okun, Joshua K Wong

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Think Tank XIII was held September 2-4th, 2025, in Gainesville, Florida, at the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at the University of Florida. The theme was "The Evolving Landscape of DBS: New Indications, New Goals." This theme was a continuation of the DBS Think Tank XI and XII, which were focused on emerging technology and pushing the horizon of indications. Since its founding in 2012, the DBS Think Tank has provided a global forum for leading clinicians, engineers, and researchers in both in industry and academia to present, discuss, and debate the current state …

Mapping The Structural Connections Between The Anterior Cingulate Cortex And The Insula/Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex.Mapping The Structural Connections Between The Anterior Cingulate Cortex And The Insula/Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Wei Tang, Javier Guaje, Shreyas Fadnavis, Sarah R Heilbronner, Eleftherios Garyfallidis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is functionally closely related with the insula and the ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). The ACC and insula are the main hubs of the salience network, a set of functionally related brain regions involved in detecting salient stimuli and coordinating inter-network communication, while communication between ACC and vlPFC is closely linked to inhibitory control. However, despite strong indirect evidence from nonhuman primate (NHP) tract tracing, the structural connections between the ACC and the insula/vlPFC remain poorly understood in the human brain, in part because standard approaches fail to capture this projection. In this study, we …

Building A Common Language For Diaper Dermatitis Assessment: A Nurse Education Quality Improvement Project Using The Visscher Skin Integrity (Vsis) Scale In A Safety-Net Nicu, Kishorie Weingart, Michelle Hart, Alyssa Garcia, Naomi Del Barrio

ELMSN E-Portfolio. A collection of Scholarly and Creative Works

Globally, skin injury related to diaper dermatitis remains a pervasive yet preventable threat to neonatal patients (Jaieyoba and Visscher, 2025). In fact, the Jani et.al. 2022 study found that diaper dermatitis is the most frequently reported skin injury in premature infant patients across NICU units globally at 39%, with NICU patients in North America having a significantly higher rate of diaper dermatitis of 62%, juxtaposed to European NICU patients at 31% (Jani et.al., 2022). However, numerous studies found that implementation of a standardized skin assessment tool was a key factor in reducing rates and/or severity of perineal skin injury (Ahmadizadeh …

Major And Institution Transfer Path Combinations And The Relaxed Lasso Method: Parsimonious Prediction Of Vertical Transfer Student Success, David Wutchiett, A. W. Logue, Martin Kurzweil, Colin Chellman

Publications and Research

The majors, institutions, and their combinations, which characterize transfer between higher education institutions relate to student success but introduce high-dimensionality and multicollinearity to statistical modeling. Relaxed lasso regression, a procedure blending regularized lasso models with unregularized refit models, selects variables and facilitates unbiased coefficient estimation in high-dimensional settings. Using a large sample of students transferring from associate to bachelor’s programs (n=28,166), we compared lasso and ridge regression parsimonious models predicting bachelor’s graduation and posttransfer GPA improvement, evaluating associations using unregularized parsimonious predictive models. Relaxed lasso parsimonious optimal models outperformed standard lasso and ridge regression models while including few of 702 …

Dyno : Dynamic Neurosymbolic Orchestrator For Multi-Agent Systems, Ritvik Garimella, Chathurangi Shyalika, Renjith Prasad, Amit Sheth

Publications

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (LaMAS) represent an emerging paradigm for tackling complex, multi-step reasoning and decision-making problems. As these systems scale, orchestration, which is the ability to coordinate, manage, and evaluate the interactions among diverse agents, becomes central to their success. While recent orchestrators such as AgentFlow have demonstrated promise in managing communication and task delegation, they remain limited in their ability to understand task semantics, coordinate heterogeneous agent types (e.g., reactive vs. cognitive), and adaptively align outputs with human-defined goals. In this position paper, we introduce the DYNO (Dynamic Neurosymbolic Orchestrator), a system developed as part of …

Chickadees In The Environment: Place-Based Learning Plan For The Msum Regional Science Center, Evelyn Ames

OER Materials

This field trip lesson engages students in investigating how environmental conditions influence that traits of living organisms through the study of the black-capped Chickadee at the MSUM Regional Science Center. Students observe chickadees and their habitats, collect evidence about physical and behavioral traits, and construct scientific arguments connecting those traits to environmental factors such as Minnesota’s cold winters and seasonal food availability. Through authentic field-based experiences, students develop observation, critical thinking, and argumentation skills while exploring the natural phenomenon of how organisms survive and adapt to their environments.

“Bald Eagles”: Place-Based Learning Plan For The Msum Regional Science Center, Addison Tidwell

OER Materials

This lesson guides elementary students through a phenomenon walk at the MSUM Regional Science Center to explore bald eagles and their connection to the Buffalo River ecosystem. Students observe habitat features, record evidence, and explain why eagles rely on river environments. The experience supports Minnesota science benchmarks and includes Indigenous perspectives on the cultural importance of eagles and caring for local ecosystems. Through observation, discussion, and reflection, students build an understanding of how bald eagles depend on healthy habitats and how humans can help protect them.

Democratizing Restitution: Trust As An Equitable Approach To Competing Claims On Cultural Heritage Objects, Britta Redwood

Articles

As formerly colonized states began to win their independence in the mid-twentieth century, a growing chorus of voices called on museums in London, Paris, Berlin, and other European cities to return objects taken during the colonial period. Having largely ignored these requests until recently, museums throughout Europe and the United States have begun negotiating returns of these objects to their rightful owners. There is a growing recognition among Western cultural institutions that continuing to hold cultural heritage objects taken under conditions of coercion or violence is morally untenable. More recently, some scholars have argued for a human rights approach to …

Regulating Robotaxis, Bryant Walker Smith, Matthew T. Wansley

Articles

In several sunbelt cities, commercial robotaxi service has arrived. The leading robotaxi company is providing over 400,000 trips per week. The industry claims that robotaxis will save lives and provide convenient and affordable mobility. Critics counter that they will increase congestion, undermine transit, and subject the public to ubiquitous surveillance. We argue that the social impact of robotaxis depends on how they are regulated. We emphasize two points missing from the debate. First, some of the benefits of robotaxis may be political rather than technological—some longstanding public policy goals may become viable in a robotaxi world. Second, letting one private …

Richmond Electronic Monitoring: The City Sees You While You're Sleeping, Fakira D. Johnson

Law Student Publications

The United States has increasingly recognized its reputation as a prison state, with widespread acknowledgment of its high incarceration rates. As of 2021, the United States imprisoned one out of every five prisoners in the world. Additionally, of its own population, the United States imprisoned one out of every one hundred people.

In response to this notoriety, worsening prison overcrowding, and the heightened risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the federal government increased their utilization of alternative measures to traditional incarceration. As both an addition and an alternative to traditional incarceration, criminal …

An Investigation Into The Mechanisms, Barriers, Degree And Sphere Of Risk Influence In Corporate Security, Nicola Lockhart

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study investigates the sphere of corporate security risk influence within organisations, addressing the conceptual and practical ambiguity surrounding the activity’s capacity to shape organisational decisions, behaviours, and risk priorities. While corporate security’s protective role is widely recognised, its broader organisational risk influence remains under-theorised. The study defines the sphere of risk influence as the range of organisational stakeholders and environments with which the corporate security activity interacts, and within which it may engage, persuade, and mobilise action. This sphere is analytically constituted through the intersection of three dimensions: the mechanisms through which influence is attempted, the barriers that constrain …

Getting Ready Right: The Impact And Influence Of The University Appointed Supervisor, Madlen Griffiths

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Initial Teacher Education professional experience is a valued component of teacher education courses, where preservice teachers can practise applying what they have learned at university in classroom settings. Key to these experiences are supervisors, who are employed by the university and support these aspiring teachers during their professional experiences. This supervisory role is complex, underrated, under-theorised and under researched. Consequently, this research sought to address this shortfall through an investigation into the perspectives of two of the major stakeholders in these experiences: the preservice teachers and the supervisors.

Adopting a social constructivist methodology, this research examined the stakeholders’ perceptions of …

The Experience Of Homelessness Among Older Adults In Bhutan - A Narrative Inquiry Study, Phuntsho Om

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A shift in the demographics of homelessness started to occur in the 1900s, with a significant increase in the number of middle-aged or elderly men and women being recognised as a part of the homeless population. The rising urgent global concern of homelessness of older adults necessitates a deeper understanding of the lived experience and holistic well-being of these marginalised adults. This thesis aimed to explore the phenomenon of homelessness of older adults in Bhutan, which is an often neglected topic in both national and international gerontological research.

Employing narrative inquiry within the constructivist approach as articulated by Pino Gravidia …

The Development And Pilot Evaluation Of An Out-Of-Hospital Immersive Birthing Simulation Training Application For Paramedics And Ambulance Officers Using Virtual-Reality Technology, Michella Hill

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Out-of-hospital births (OOHBs) are births which occur outside a hospital setting. This includes planned home births attended by midwives, or unplanned OOHBs where the intention was to birth in a hospital or maternity centre, however, occurs in an unintended location. Prehospital clinicians, inclusive of registered paramedics and volunteer ambulance officers (VAOs) infrequently attend OOHBs, as most births occur in maternity wards as anticipated. OOHBs comprises < 1% of emergency ambulance requests and requires specialised skills for prehospital clinicians to competently manage birthing and potential complications. As exposure to birthing is so rare, these specialised skills and knowledge are underutilised and subject to rapid decay. Compounding the problem, obstetrics is infrequently taught across undergraduate education, in-service training, or within individual clinician’s continuing professional development. Placements shadowing midwives are scarce due to nursing and medical students receiving priority. Previous research regarding OOHBs is limited, nonetheless suggests prehospital clinicians are underprepared to manage an OOHB, which has serious patient safety implications. The present research sought to explore prehospital clinicians’ preparedness and confidence in managing OOHBs. It also investigates whether a digital training solution such as virtual reality (VR) simulation may reduce the theory-practice gap and assist in competency retention.

Publication one provides a comprehensive methodology outline which is applied to Study One; a scoping review of prehospital clinician and birth parent experiences with OOHBs. Risk factors, complications and interventions provided by prehospital clinicians, as …

Emotional Coding In Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’S Music: The Influence Of Text-Driven Musical Patterns, Antonio Toppi

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This thesis investigates the phenomenon of emotional coding in the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), with particular attention to the ways in which text-driven musical patterns influence both vocal and instrumental works. The study draws on 18th-century theories of key characteristics, musical-rhetorical figures, and topoi, compositional devices that carried emotional implications for contemporary listeners. These codes are first examined in two of Mozart’s operas, Le Nozze di Figaro (KV492) and Don Giovanni (KV527), where the setting of text to music provides a framework for associating compositional choices with emotion. Findings from the analyses are then applied to three contemporaneous …

Emerging From The Cocoon: Strategies To Assist The Classical Violinist Develop Improvisational Fluency In A Range Of Musical Styles, Judith A. Iddison

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This autoethnographic practice-led research project documents the journey of expanding my classical violin practice with the aim of developing improvisational fluency in a range of musical styles. Building upon findings and strategies outlined in my honours thesis, which centred on the artistry of Australian cross-genre violinist Shenzo Gregorio (Shenton Gregory), this doctoral study is underpinned by an iterative cyclic process of critical observation, reflection and analysis and an examination of literature.

Knowledge gained through one-on-one, aural-based, practical violin-improvisation instruction with Gregorio was applied within collaboration with the evolving string ensemble, Sign of Four. Further, combining this tuition and collaboration with …

How Educational Leaders At A Type C International School In China Understand Educational Leadership, Peter Pagett

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study examined how educational leaders at a Type C international school in China understand educational leadership. The extensive knowledge on educational leaders identifies many important facets of this phenomenon, such as the importance of leaders focussing on mission and vision and building relationships. Current understanding also highlights the role of personal identity in influencing a leaders’ work and understandings. However, literature on educational leadership in the context of international schools is scant. Given the challenges specific to international education such as culture shock, transience and isolation there is a need to conduct more research into these types of schools. …

Look-Ahead Cyber-Threat Forecasting For Connected And Automated Transport: A Spatio-Temporal Graph Learning Approach, Md Al Amin, Mohammad Shafat Ahsan, Jannatul Maua, Arifa Akter Eva, M.F. Mridha, Md. Jakir Hossen

Student Publications [Scholarly]

Modern intelligent transportation systems (ITS) increasingly rely on connected electronic control units (ECUs), exposing in-vehicle networks to cyber-attacks such as message injection on the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. While prior work has focused on post-factum detection, this paper addresses the underexplored task of forecasting cyber-attacks before they occur. We propose a spatio-temporal graph neural network (STGNN) architecture that models CAN traffic as a dynamic graph sequence, where nodes represent active CAN IDs and edges capture statistical co-activation patterns. Each graph snapshot encodes temporal features such as inter-arrival statistics and entropy, and is processed using graph attention layers followed by …

Attention-Based Geo–Textual Fusion Network For Disaster Risk Prediction, Mohammad Shafat Ahsan, Mst Sanjida Alam, Syed Sajjad Ahmed, Md Tanzimul Islam, Hashibul Ahsan Shoaib, M.F. Mridha, Md. Jakir Hossen

Student Publications [Scholarly]

Natural disasters pose recurring threats to human life and infrastructure, demanding intelligent systems that can process heterogeneous data streams and provide actionable insights in real time. Existing approaches often treat textual signals from social media and emergency communications separately from spatial hazard attributes, limiting their effectiveness in capturing the full complexity of evolving crises. This paper proposes an AI-driven geo–textual intelligence framework that integrates disaster-related text with GIS-based hazard features for real-time risk prediction and evacuation planning. The framework employs contextual text encoders and a neural GIS encoder, fused through an attention mechanism that dynamically weights cross-modal signals. Experiments on …

Perceived Autonomy To Exercise Rights: Race And Ethnicity And Citizenship In Consent Searches, Srishti Katuri

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Consent searches—police searches conducted with an individual’s permission—constitute the majority of warrantless searches in the United States. Although these encounters are legally described as voluntary, scholars have long questioned whether civilians truly feel free to refuse an officer’s request to conduct a search. The present study examined how race and ethnicity and citizenship status influence civilians’ consent decisions and perceived freedom to deny consent in a hypothetical police encounter. A community sample of 191 adults from New York State read a vignette in which a police officer requested to search their backpack. Then, participants reported their ideal and anticipated consent …

School-Based Antecedent Interventions Derived From Structural Analyses: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Georgia M. Gaertner

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Disruptive behaviors in the classroom setting present immediate challenges for both students and teachers and are associated with a host of negative, long-term outcomes. Antecedent interventions are a group of behavior management strategies that can be used to target disruptive behaviors before they occur. This study consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based antecedent interventions that were derived from a structural analysis. The results indicated that structural analytic research on school-based antecedent interventions has been conducted with students across diverse educational settings and with students with a variety of disabilities and conditions. Elementary school students and male students …

Nanostructured Cathode Catalysts For Aem Electrolysis: From Catalyst Design To Degradation And Hydrogen Dynamics, Yamini Kumaran

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) presents a promising pathway toward cost-effective and sustainable hydrogen production by integrating the chemical robustness of alkaline systems with the compact, zero-gap design of proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. However, the widespread implementation of AEMWE is limited by the availability of highly active and durable platinum-group-metal (PGM)-free catalysts and by an incomplete understanding of their degradation behavior under realistic operating conditions.

This dissertation focuses on the development, characterization, and mechanistic investigation of nanostructured MoNi₄–MoO₂-based electrodes for efficient and stable hydrogen generation under alkaline and membrane-integrated environments. MoNi₄–MoO₂ nanorods …

After The Aid Boom: Government Responses To The Global Health Agenda And Political Commitment In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Sana Abdelkarim

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

How do governments respond to the global health agenda? Does external health assistance translate to sustained domestic political commitment in low- and middle-income countries? Over the past three decades, development assistance for health has expanded, accompanied by international agreements emphasizing country ownership, alignment, and domestic resource mobilization. Yet domestic fiscal commitment to health remains uneven across countries. These questions have become more pressing as the global aid landscape enters a period of contraction, with a significant decline in development assistance, including health financing, raising concerns about the sustainability of health systems that have become reliant on external support.  This raises …

Negotiating Quality: A Critical Discourse Analysis Of American Higher Education Policy, John A. Foisy

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

This qualitative study examined how institutional quality is constructed, communicated, and negotiated through the accreditation process in U.S. higher education. Drawing on a multiple case study design, the research analyzed accreditation-related documents from eight institutions undergoing reaffirmation, including self-study reports, peer review team reports, Commission action letters, and institutional responses. The study was guided by three research questions: (a) What institutional signals of quality are evidenced in self-studies? (b) In what ways does the accreditation process represent a negotiation between accreditors and institutions? (c) What implied views of institutional quality emerge from accreditation discourse?

The study employed a multilayered analytical …

Neural Network Transceiver For Ltv Mimo Channels, Iresha Amarasekara

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Eigenfunctions are commonly employed to characterize kernels in various data-driven analyses. In machine learning, eigenfunction decomposition typically relies on Mercer's theorem, which assumes kernel symmetry. However, this condition is often unmet in communication systems, where channel kernels are asymmetric due to differences in downlink and uplink propagation environments. The High-Order Generalized Mercer's Theorem (HOGMT) provides a systematic approach for decomposing multidimensional asymmetric kernels into eigenfunctions. To address the complexity of eigen-decomposition, this work introduces a baseline neural network (NN) framework HNET. The HNET framework is further enhanced by incorporating the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) to explicitly enforce orthogonality constraints. This …

Stem Cell-Derived Developmental Models For Translational Evaluation Of Disease And Therapy, Maria B. Paredes-Espinosa

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Human development as well as congenital and adult diseases emerge from coordinated interactions among multiple cell types, regulatory programs, and tissue compartments that remain largely unresolved. Conventional simple lineage-restricted in vitro systems poorly capture this complexity. My dissertation uses human stem cell-derived developmental models to study human cardiac morphogenesis and heart diseases and application of a networked neuron platform to explore senescence-associated neurodegeneration impact on Alzheimer’s neurons.

Elongating multi-lineage organized cardiac (EMLOC) gastruloids are a synthetic embryology model that co-generates contractile cardiomyocyte populations alongside mesenchymal, endothelial, epicardial-like, neural crest-associated, and neuronal cells within a shared in vitro developmental environment. Single-cell …

Effect Of Workload, Burnout, And Flexible Work Practices On The Well-Being Of University Faculty And Staff, Caroline O. Rogers

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

The present study examined the impact of workload, burnout, and flexible work practices (FWPs) on the well-being of higher education employees from the perspective of Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory. A moderated mediation model was hypothesized, wherein workload would be associated with well-being through burnout, and that this association would be attenuated by the presence of FWPs. A total of 477 full-time faculty, staff, and affiliated research foundation employees from a large public university in the Northeast region and a broader range of colleges and universities across the United States of America completed a cross-sectional survey. Validated measures assessed workload (Quantitative …