Digital Commons Network^™

Assignment 1: Political Self-Portrait (Collage Project), Brandon Bauer

Brandon Bauer, Civic Engagement & Voting Rights

No abstract provided.

Class Exercise 3: Disagree Like A __, Founding Documents Edition, Lara Schwartz

Lara Schwartz, Democracy and Civic Engagement Across the Curriculum: Practices and Approaches for Every Discipline (What are you going to do with that degree?)

No abstract provided.

Activity 2: Social Media Simulation Group Activity, Hannah Alms

Hannah Alms, United States to 1865, Flash to Now Edition

No abstract provided.

Assignment 4: Creative Civic Engagement Prototype Presentations, Brandon Bauer

Brandon Bauer, Civic Engagement & Voting Rights

No abstract provided.

Assignment 2: Protest Banner Lending Library Project, Brandon Bauer

Brandon Bauer, Civic Engagement & Voting Rights

No abstract provided.

Assignment 2: Our Discipline In The Community: Using Our Voices, Lara Schwartz

Lara Schwartz, Democracy and Civic Engagement Across the Curriculum: Practices and Approaches for Every Discipline (What are you going to do with that degree?)

No abstract provided.

Assignment 3: Unstoppable Voters Creative Campaign Project, Brandon Bauer

Brandon Bauer, Civic Engagement & Voting Rights

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final 2026 Interim Site- Wide Surface Water Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Dated August 28, 2026), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Approval Letter For The Final 2026 Interim Site-Wide Groundwater Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan (Dated August 28, 2026), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Microbiome Dynamics During Translocation Of The Critically Endangered Frog Craugastor Ranoides, Xavier A. Harrison, Katherine Herborn, Gilbert Alvarado, Maria Marta Chavarria, Kirtsy J. Marsh, Alexander Wilson, Alexandra North, Vikki Wakeham, Roberto Fernández Ugalde, Héctor Zumbado-Ulate, Jon Bielby, Robert Puschendorf

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Amphibian populations are declining, and species are going extinct due to habitat loss, climate change, and emerging infectious disease, prompting the increasing use of translocations as a conservation tool. Skin-associated bacterial communities play a key role in amphibian health, particularly in protecting hosts from pathogenic infection. However, to date weknow relatively little about the impact of translocation on the dynamics of skin-associated bacteria, or the consequences oftranslocation-mediated disturbance of the microbiome for amphibian health. We investigated the skin microbiome of the critically endangered frog Craugastor ranoides, now restricted to a fraction of its historical range in Costa Rica. We first …

Firearm Safety And Suicide Prevention In Older Adults: A Primary Care Clinical Framework., Rebecca Delp, Erik E. Langenau

PCOM Scholarly Works

Firearm-related injury and suicide represent a critical public health challenge in the United States, with older adults experiencing the highest rates of firearm suicide. Approximately 70 % of suicides among older adults involve a firearm, with white males over age 70 at the highest risk. Despite high household firearm access and unsecured storage, standardized screening and counseling in primary care remain underutilized. Primary care physicians are uniquely positioned to identify clinically vulnerable patients and evaluate lethal means safety through longitudinal relationships during routine encounters. This clinical practice report presents an evidence-based framework for firearm suicide risk assessment, clinical communication, and …

Management Of Non-Survivable Head Trauma: Opportunities For Improvement, Sanjana R. Salwi, Mackenzie D. Castellanos, Therese Murphy, Pious D. Patel, Sonia Ajmera, Alex P. Vaz, Connor A. Wathen, Niels D. Martin, Monisha A. Kumar, James M. Schuster, Dmitriy Petrov

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Managing patients with non-survivable head trauma who do not meet brain death criteria presents significant ethical and clinical challenges. Decisions frequently fall to surrogates with limited guidance, particularly when organ donation status is unknown. This study assessed physician perspectives on communication, interventions, and institutional factors.

METHODS: We conducted a national survey of academic neurosurgery, trauma surgery, and neurocritical care programs. Items examined communication barriers, interventions by donor status, institutional support, and a dissonance measure for interventions viewed as inappropriate.

RESULTS: A total of 133 physicians responded. Top communication barriers were medical literacy, unclear patient values, and intrafamily conflict. Physicians …

Temporary Cattle Identification: Benefits Of Marking With Hair Bleach, Melanie Heaton, Reganne K. Briggs, Rebekah Iverson, Brooke Holgate, David Secrist

All Current Publications

Temporary identification is an important management tool for beef producers. Animals are routinely marked following breeding, pregnancy diagnosis, vaccination, treatment, sorting, shipping, and marketing so they can be quickly identified without repeated handling. Effective temporary identification improves labor efficiency, reduces animal stress, and helps ensure management decisions are applied to the correct animals. This fact sheet provides information on temporary cattle marking using hair bleach.

Ai-Based Environmental Code Checking Tool For Sustainability Best Management Practices Of Infrastructure Construction Projects, Joseph J. Kim, Pooja D. Chavan

Mineta Transportation Institute

Infrastructure construction and operation are major contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, which account for approximately one-third of global CO₂ emissions and add to long-term environmental and air quality challenges. Sustainability rating systems such as Envision for infrastructure construction projects provide structured guidance to help teams reduce these impacts, but verifying compliance requires reviewing large volumes of project documents by hand, making the process time consuming and difficult to scale. Therefore, this research develops an AI-based environmental code checking tool that automates the interpretation of project documents and evaluates compliance on lifecycle GHG assessment under Credit CR1.2 of Envision—in other …

Sensing Safety: Developing A Flexible, Portable Alcohol Detection Patch For Community Wellness, Ava Hedayatipour, Ryan Huynh, Wahaab Ademola

Mineta Transportation Institute

Alcohol-impaired driving remains one of the leading causes of traffic fatalities and serious injuries in the United States, posing significant challenges to transportation safety and imposing substantial social and economic costs. Although breathalyzers and wearable alcohol monitoring devices can help detect alcohol consumption, many existing technologies are expensive, bulky, or impractical for continuous, long-term monitoring. This study investigates a lowcost electrochemical sensing platform that could support future wearable alcohol monitoring systems for transportation safety applications. Specifically, the report presents the design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of a custom screen-printed electrode (SPE) integrated with the Texas Instruments LMP91000 potentiostat. Each disposable …

The Efficient Market Hypothesis In Youth Entrepreneurship: Understanding, Application, And Contextual Factors — A Systematic Literature Review, Omari Khalifa Mbura Prof,, Binto M. Binto

Business Management Review

This systematic literature review explores how youth entrepreneurs understand and apply the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) in their decision-making, and examines the contextual factors influencing the decision-making nexus. Guided by a post-positivist framework, the review synthesises extant literature across youth entrepreneurship, finance, and digital strategy to map emerging themes and identify knowledge gaps. It covered a sample of 38 peer-reviewed articles, selected in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Findings of the systematic literature review show that youth entrepreneurs' engagement with EMH is largely experiential and indirect, influenced by digital literacy, social learning, and the realities of rapidly changing market environments. …

Chapter 10: Swipe, Reward, Repeat: Gamification, Intimacy, And Emotional Labor In Digital Dating, Emma Taylor

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

The rise of online dating platforms has transformed how individuals approach romantic relationships, with many users increasingly engaging in these spaces for entertainment as well as connection. Central to this shift is the phenomenon of gamification – the integration of game-like mechanics into non-game contexts, which has redefined user behaviors, shaped romantic choices, and influenced relationship outcomes. This chapter critically examines the gamification of online dating, exploring how swiping, match notifications, rankings, and rewards reframe intimacy as entertainment, alter decision-making, and marketize romantic engagement. Drawing on psychoanalytical and ultra-realist frameworks, and using original qualitative data from interviews, the analysis reveals …

Regional Creative Economy Resilience Index: An Analysis Of The Creative Industry's Role In Fostering National Economic Resilience According To Asta Cita, Dks Nugraha Nugraha, Ramadhania Mumtaz Keesa

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

Indonesia's creative economy has survived worldwide economic shifts, especially the COVID-19 epidemic. This industry now drives innovation, culture, and technology. No systematic technique exists to quantify the creative ecosystem's impact on regional economic resilience. The Regional Creative Economy Resilience Index (IRED) is a conceptual model based on Asta Cita 2024–2029's eight strategic missions. This article uses the Asta Cita framework to describe how the creative industry strengthens national economic resilience and advances the IRED idea as a data-driven research and policy tool. This qualitative-descriptive study synthesizes 20 periodicals (2020–2025), analyzes policy, and maps themes using Asta Cita. Source triangulation …

“[Y]Et Another Victory For Deal Certainty”: Chancery Court Orders Specific Performance Of “Hell-Or-High-Water” Covenant To Remedy Reluctant Acquiror’S Obstruction Of Cfius Approval Process, Robert S. Reder, Ricky Bayon-Barrera

Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc

No abstract provided.

Chancery Court Refuses To Dismiss Claim That Activision Directors Failed To Satisfy Revlon Standard Of Conduct In Sale To Microsoft, Robert S. Reder, Jae Ho Yoon

Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Resilience At The Edge: Hyperdimensional Computing Versus Deep Learning For Hardware-Degraded Rf Classification, Adrian B. Cisneros, Jeong Yang

Military Cyber Affairs

Autonomous Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) operating in contested electromagnetic environments must classify Radio Frequency (RF) signals on edge silicon that degrades over the mission lifetime due to thermal stress, radiation, and manufacturing variation. Deep neural networks dominate RF classification on pristine hardware, but their weights are precise and interdependent, causing catastrophic accuracy collapse as the underlying chip ages. We investigate whether Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC), a brain-inspired paradigm that distributes information across thousands of dimensions, can provide a reliability floor where Deep Learning fails. Using the RadioML 2016.10A dataset filtered to five digital modulations relevant to drone command-and-control links, we trained …

Hands-On Ransomware: An Experiential Wannacry Case Study For Undergraduate Cybersecurity Education, Eli Creek Richmond, Thomas R. Devine

Military Cyber Affairs

Ransomware represents one of the most disruptive threats in the cyber landscape, yet hands-on malware analysis remains rare in undergraduate cybersecurity curricula. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an experiential learning module centered on the WannaCry ransomware case study, deployed in a senior-level course at West Virginia University. Students performed static and dynamic analysis using industry-standard tools. Pre- and post-module assessments demonstrated measurable gains in self-reported competency across seven technical dimensions. The module's competencies align directly with DoD Cyber Workforce Framework Work Role 212, Cyber Defense Forensics Analyst, supporting education-to-workforce pipeline development.

Breaking The Build: Detecting Software Supply Chain Vulnerabilities In Ci/Cd Pipelines, Mercedes R. Wahl, Dr. Benjamin Yankson

Military Cyber Affairs

This study examines whether integrating structured DevSec- Ops security controls into CI/CD pipelines can reduce software supply chain risk by preventing vulnerable components from progressing through the software development lifecycle. Software supply chain attacks frequently originate from weaknesses or compromises within dependencies, build environments, and trusted development stages, making early detection essential. A controlled sandbox experiment compared two pipeline configurations: a baseline CI/CD pipeline with no automated security enforcement and a secure DevSecOps pipeline integrating automated vulnerability scanning, SBOM generation, and artifact integrity verification. A known vulnerable dependency, the Python requests package (version 2.19.0) associated with CVE-2018-18074, was intentionally introduced …

From Framework To Toolchain: Implementing Zero Trust Architecture In Cloud-Native Environments For Dow Compliance, Shelby C. Snyder

Military Cyber Affairs

Federal agencies face a fiscal year 2027 target for enterprise-wide Zero Trust deployment, but NIST SP 800-207A defines logical components without identifying the Kubernetes technologies that implement them. This paper proposes a three-tier mapping of the Policy Engine, Policy Administrator, and Policy Enforcement Point to service mesh, microsegmentation, and perimeter tooling, stating the criteria by which each component is classified. It then applies a defined rubric to six Zero Trust vendors across component alignment, Kubernetes capability, federal authorization posture, and evidence quality, finding that no single vendor covers all three tiers. The mapping is a testable architectural proposition; a Stage …

Hybrid Deep (Cnn-Bilstm) Intrusion Detection For Defense And Mission-Critical Networks, Corey A Cheng, Jermaine Anim-Addo, Asma Jakir Hussain, Zion O Smith-Fox, Sanjay Goel, Yuksel Celik

Military Cyber Affairs

This article examines how hybrid deep learning can strengthen intrusion detection for military and defense networks. Using the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset, the study evaluates a CNN-BiLSTM model designed to detect benign traffic and multiple attack categories, including DDoS, DoS, botnet, brute-force, web attack, and infiltration activity. The model achieved strong multi-class detection performance, with 0.9893 accuracy and 0.9979 ROC-AUC. The findings suggest that AI-supported intrusion detection can improve cyber defense operations, analyst triage, and protection of mission-critical networks.

Are Large Language Models Safe? A Vulnerability Analysis Of Generated Source Code, James Richards-Perhatch, Mitchell Milander, James M. Halvorsen, Assefaw Gebremedhin

Military Cyber Affairs

The increasing complexity of software and demands for rapid deployment have pushed the software industry to rely more on large language models (LLMs) in developing source code. However, as this technology is still relatively recent, questions can arise about the safety of the generated code. This paper presents an analysis of seven LLMs with respect to the presence of vulnerabilities within source code. Our findings show that LLMs are more likely to produce vulnerable web applications than vulnerable C programs, and that vulnerabilities are more likely to occur when program size and complexity increases.

Characterizing Advanced Persistent Threats With Cyber Attack Flow Metrics, Tyler Miller, Caleb Chang, Shouhuai Xu

Military Cyber Affairs

Cyber attack campaigns vary not only in scale but in structure, yet conventional characterizations often reduce them to a single dimension such as technique count or impact severity. In this paper we extend the concept of cyber attack flows by defining three new metrics, novelty, technique complexity and flow complexity. Then we characterize the attack flows of three advanced persistent threat campaigns using these metrics and draw insights regarding their capabilities. Our findings include that low novelty does not equate to low attack capabilities and that exploitation of an internet-facing appliance is a common initial attack vector.

Semantic Shields: Automating Critical Infrastructure Defense Via Nlp-Driven Ransomware Profiling, Henry Trowbridge, Ian Zalcberg, Ryan Schley, Carter Yagemann, Natasha Phan, Srikar Maduposu, Vimal Buck

Military Cyber Affairs

Ransomware poses a growing threat to critical infrastructure, where successful attacks can disrupt operational technology (OT) and industrial control systems (ICS) with significant public safety consequences. However, attributing ransomware incidents to specific threat actors remains challenging due to ransomware-as-a-service ecosystems, actor rebranding, and the obfuscation of traditional indicators of compromise. This paper presents Semantic Shields, an NLP-driven attribution framework that leverages BERT-generated semantic embeddings and DBSCAN clustering to profile ransomware actors through the linguistic characteristics of ransom notes. Using a dataset of 295 ransom notes from 189 distinct threat groups, the framework achieved an 87.2% true positive clustering rate and …

Closing The Interpretability Gap: Explainable Ml-Based Malware Detection For Defensive Cyberspace Operations, Tashi Stirewalt, Sean Hodgson, Puumaaya Tahiru, Assefaw Gebremedhin

Military Cyber Affairs

This paper presents an end-to-end, explainable malware triage pipeline designed for defense-oriented cyber operations. It combines high-performance static detection methods with analyst-centered interpretability. Utilizing the EMBER 2024 Windows PE subset, we train and evaluate four classifiers and select LightGBM as the production model based on its predictive performance, inference efficiency, and compatibility with exact tree-based attribution. The deployed system consists of four sequential components: PE feature extraction, malware probability scoring, dual explainability (using SHAP and LIME), and large language model (LLM) report generation, all integrated within a Flask web interface. On a temporal test set of 1,080,000 samples, LightGBM achieves …

Llm-Generated Countermeasures For Iot Cyberattacks, James Alger, Michael Tu

Military Cyber Affairs

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly for resource-constrained devices that traditional intrusion detection systems often fail to protect effectively. This paper proposes a novel, two-phase autonomous security pipeline designed to bridge the gap between probabilistic threat detection and deterministic network enforcement. The framework first utilizes a custom Time Series Transformer (TST) to classify multivariate network traffic and identify specific attack vectors, such as ransomware, SQL injections, and malicious file uploads. In the second phase, an agentic AI layer, comprising a locally hosted Large Language Model (LLM) orchestrated via LangGraph, processes the …