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Volume 61, Issue 1, 2025 Speaker & Gavel Dec 2025

Volume 61, Issue 1, 2025 Speaker & Gavel

Speaker & Gavel

Complete digital issue (Volume 61, issue 1, 2025) of Speaker & Gavel.


Fixation Duration As Effective Biomarker For Cognitive Function: A Developing Systematic Review, Nicholas Kurtz Dec 2025

Fixation Duration As Effective Biomarker For Cognitive Function: A Developing Systematic Review, Nicholas Kurtz

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Eye-tracking technology has transformed psychological research by providing a non-invasive, real-time window into attention, perception, and cognitive processing (Ahlstrom & Friedman-Berg, 2006). Fixation duration—defined as the length of time the gaze remains stable between saccades—has been continually utilized as a key biomarker of cognitive function, providing measurable insights into variant populations and their stage of cognitive development (Negi & Mitra, 2020). This ongoing systematic review synthesizes research examining fixation duration in relation to constructs such as attentional control, working memory, processing efficiency, and effortful or inhibitory control. The current review aims to answer whether longer fixation durations equate to better …


Objects Of Power: Female Instrumentalists In Medieval To Early Modern Europe, Emma Scherrer Dec 2025

Objects Of Power: Female Instrumentalists In Medieval To Early Modern Europe, Emma Scherrer

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Women are difficult to locate in traditional histories of western music, especially performers and particularly instrumentalists. The relationship between a female performer, the instrument she played, and her audience was especially fraught, constituting a complicated web of gendered relations and power dynamics. An examination of the contexts in which women played instruments in medieval to early modern Europe elucidates how women in these societies interacted with music and musical institutions. While women were generally excluded from musical institutions and discouraged from playing most musical instruments, many women nevertheless chose to take up an instrument outside of professional contexts. From the …


China’S Influence Over The Mining Industry In Africa, Safa M. Altamimi, Reda Amer Dec 2025

China’S Influence Over The Mining Industry In Africa, Safa M. Altamimi, Reda Amer

Undergraduate Research Symposium

How much influence does China have over the international supply of minerals from Africa? The purpose of this research is to study China’s involvement in Africa’s mining industry and analyze its impact on US economic interests. China has traded and invested in many mining sites across Africa; However, I will be focusing on DRC, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for my research. Using ArcGIS pro tools, I will create and analyze a map that contains information about mineral deposits and facilities.


Dual-Task Exercise Protects Healthy Older Adults Against In-Creased Risk For Dementia: A Controlled Trial, Helen Tatiane Santos Pontes, João Bento-Torres, Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim, Victor Oliveira Da Costa, Josilayne Patricia Ramos Carvalho, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres Dec 2025

Dual-Task Exercise Protects Healthy Older Adults Against In-Creased Risk For Dementia: A Controlled Trial, Helen Tatiane Santos Pontes, João Bento-Torres, Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim, Victor Oliveira Da Costa, Josilayne Patricia Ramos Carvalho, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço-Diniz, Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Functionality in aging is closely linked to the ability to divide attention during multitasking activities, which are essential for activities of daily life. However, coordination between motor and cognitive simultaneous tasks decreases with age, impairing functional ability and restricting older adults' participation and healthy aging. This study aimed to assess the effects of a multimodal dual-task exercise intervention on motor and cognitive dual-task costs and its potential to mitigate age-related declines in healthy older adults. Materials and Methods: A controlled trial was conducted with community-dwelling older adults assigned to either the Dual-Task Exercise group, which participated in a 24-session …


Lutheran Music And The Thirty Years War: Confession, Politics, Devotion, Thomas Marks Dec 2025

Lutheran Music And The Thirty Years War: Confession, Politics, Devotion, Thomas Marks

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

A book review is presented for Lutheran Music and the Thirty Years War: Confession, Politics, Devotion, authored by Derek L. Stauff, by Thomas Marks.


The Politics Of Musical Time: Expanding Songs And Shrinking Markets In Bengali Devotional Performance, Jaime Jones Dec 2025

The Politics Of Musical Time: Expanding Songs And Shrinking Markets In Bengali Devotional Performance, Jaime Jones

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

A book review is presented for The Politics of Musical Time: Expanding Songs and Shrinking Markets in Bengali Devotional Performance, authored by Eben Graves, by Jaime Jones.


Kalunga Crossings: Waterscapes Of Terror And "Teachment" In The African Atlantic World, Dianne M. Stewart, Tracey E. Hucks, Solimar Otero Dec 2025

Kalunga Crossings: Waterscapes Of Terror And "Teachment" In The African Atlantic World, Dianne M. Stewart, Tracey E. Hucks, Solimar Otero

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

In this article, we think alongside historian of religions Charles H. Long to analyze the relationship between water and empire, explore theoretical approaches to water and modernity, and probe the significance of water in Africana ecologies and spiritual cultures, highlighting its suggestive contributions to restorative epistemologies of ecological co-habitation. Our investigation advances an Africana religious framework of “waterscapes of terror and ‘teachment’” that centers diaspora bodies of water as loci for analyzing history, materiality, and ecological regard. Teachment is an anti-colonial linguistic irruption, an all-encompassing term for Africana pedagogies and epistemologies that defy antiblack and anti-African colonial instruction. Examining how …


Byzantine Theories Of Scale And Arab-Byzantine Chant Practices: A Comparative Analysis Proposing A New Resolution To The Theoretical System Of Chrysanthos Of Madytos, Rosy Azar Dec 2025

Byzantine Theories Of Scale And Arab-Byzantine Chant Practices: A Comparative Analysis Proposing A New Resolution To The Theoretical System Of Chrysanthos Of Madytos, Rosy Azar

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

In 2015, Amine Beyhom published a book on Byzantine chant, in which he summarised all the existing theories, paying particular attention to the problematic reform of the Byzantine chant theory in 1881, and guiding the reader through the steps that led to that reform. Driven by the first ever comparison between Byzantine and Arabic modes that he had found in Mīkhāʾīl Mashāqa’s epistle, Beyhom first studied Chrysanthos of Madytos’ insight. He documented this research in detail and followed it with a practical comparison to demonstrate if theory is indeed applied or it acts only as prescriptive guide. He recorded and …


Olivier Messiaen’S "Première Communion De La Vierge" And The Translation Of Religious Meaning, Robert Sholl, Jean-Rodolphe Kars Dec 2025

Olivier Messiaen’S "Première Communion De La Vierge" And The Translation Of Religious Meaning, Robert Sholl, Jean-Rodolphe Kars

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

This study creates a rich exegesis of “Première Communion de la Vierge” from Olivier Messiaen’s (1908–1992) piano cycle Vingt Regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus (1944) to show how Messiaen attempted to translate musical symbolism into religious meaning. The first two sections provide background and context on the work, revise previous scholarship, and show how this piece (no XI) functions as a theological hinge in the cycle. The genesis and sources of the Vingt Regards, using previously unavailable archival material, are examined to provide new insight into both the cycle and the “Première Communion.” The aesthetic scaffolding of this piece is then …


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer on TWAPs (television, writers and photographers) in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer on several soldiers in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Army Specialist Ronnie Myers, Fort Worth radio specialist in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Vietnamese soldiers sent to help them.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Bob Schieffer's notes of events that occured during a battle in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Staff Sergeant Robert J. Bedwell.


Article Draft Dec 2025

Article Draft

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Memo to Mr. McMullen about the restrictions on Vietnam news coverage.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about a Vietnamese refugee camp attacked by a Vietcong group.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Part of an article draft by Bob Schieffer.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer on a boy wounded in battle in Vietnam. There are also notes back home to the office expressing how he wanted to interview the boy's loved ones.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about a difficult battle in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Navy Storekeeper, William Brown, in Vietnam.


Article Draft Dec 2025

Article Draft

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Short article draft by Goolsby.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Seaman Max Croxton.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer on traffic in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about the Vietnamese dislike of Americans in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about Marine General Victor Krulak.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about James Lau, soldier in Vietnam, checking in on wounded soldiers.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about soldiers in the Echo Company in Vietnam.


Article Draft, Bob Schieffer Dec 2025

Article Draft, Bob Schieffer

Bob Schieffer Vietnam War Collection

Article draft by Bob Schieffer about events occuring while he was in Vietnam.