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2025

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Spinal Cord Injury In The Context Of Major Motor Vehicle Collision Trauma: A Retrospective Ecological Analysis Of Global Estimates Across Income Groups, Tim Nutbeam, Jessica Caterson, Colleen J. Saunders, Hendry R. Sawe, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Ian Roberts, Jason E. Smith, Paulus Ambunda, Willem Stassen Dec 2025

Spinal Cord Injury In The Context Of Major Motor Vehicle Collision Trauma: A Retrospective Ecological Analysis Of Global Estimates Across Income Groups, Tim Nutbeam, Jessica Caterson, Colleen J. Saunders, Hendry R. Sawe, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Ian Roberts, Jason E. Smith, Paulus Ambunda, Willem Stassen

Peninsula Medical School

Introduction: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a leading cause of death globally, especially in low- (LICs) and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this burden, post-crash care remains underdeveloped. Many clinical principles of post-crash care focus on spinal cord injury (SCI), yet its incidence is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of death and non-fatal RTI with a specific focus on SCIs using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data. Methods: A retrospective ecological analysis was conducted using GBD 2019 data for 204 countries and territories (2012–2019). We examined the MVC-related mortality, SCIs, and major non-fatal …

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Optimized Beamforming And Network Slicing For Dense Urban 5g Deployments, Kwame S. Ibwe Dec 2025

Optimized Beamforming And Network Slicing For Dense Urban 5g Deployments, Kwame S. Ibwe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Optimizing beamforming and network slicing is critical for enhancing spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and resource distribution fairness in dense urban 5G networks. This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm particle swarm optimization (GA-PSO) method to jointly optimize beamforming weights, bandwidth allocation, and power distribution, balancing computational efficiency with near optimal performance. The hybrid approach uses GA for global exploration and PSO for fast convergence, overcoming the limitations of standalone heuristic and exact optimization methods. Simulation experiments in a dense urban 5G network with massive MIMO base stations show that proposed method achieves up to 15% higher spectral efficiency and 18% …

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Implementation Of A Carbon-Neutral Pv+Bess System - A Case Study Of Knauf Gypsum Tanzania, Santos Kihwele Dec 2025

Implementation Of A Carbon-Neutral Pv+Bess System - A Case Study Of Knauf Gypsum Tanzania, Santos Kihwele

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study presents a decarbonization pathway for Tanzania’s industrial sector by integrating a 2.966 MWp solar photovoltaic (PV) system with a 2 MW/8 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) at KNAUF Gypsum Tanzania. A comprehensive techno- economic analysis was conducted using PVSyst simulations software. The simulation integrated site-specific meteorological data, component specifications and the factory’s electricity load profile to model annual generation patterns, system losses and battery charging and discharging cycles. The model accounted for system degradation to ensure realistic long-term performance projections. The PV+BESS solution reduces the energy-related carbon footprint to 64% and cuts annual energy costs by 65%, …

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Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Blighia Unijugata Baker Aril Protein-Rich Extract, Oludele O. Odekanyin, Ifeoluwa M. Adepoju, Tolulope A. Anjorin, Oluwatobi S. Adekoya Dec 2025

Antioxidant And Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Blighia Unijugata Baker Aril Protein-Rich Extract, Oludele O. Odekanyin, Ifeoluwa M. Adepoju, Tolulope A. Anjorin, Oluwatobi S. Adekoya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The study investigated the in vitro oxidative-stress-mitigating effect and anti- inflammatory potential of the soluble protein of the arils of Blighia unijugata in order to establish possible use in inflammatory therapy. Air-dried Blighia unijugata aril was pulverized into powder, defatted using petroleum ether, and homogenized in Phosphate Buffer Saline. The homogenate was centrifuged, and the supernatant was subjected to ammonium sulphate fractionation. The precipitate was thoroughly dialyzed, dialysate was freeze-dried, and termed partially purified Blighia unijugata aril protein extract (ppBUAPE). The antioxidant potential of the protein-rich extract was investigated using DPPH, H2O2 scavenging activity, and FRAP. The ability of ppBUAPE …

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Enterobacteriaceae Contamination In Locally Packaged Roasted Cashew Kernels From The Coast And Morogoro Regions, Tanzania, Douglas Mushi, Silvia Francis Materu Dec 2025

Enterobacteriaceae Contamination In Locally Packaged Roasted Cashew Kernels From The Coast And Morogoro Regions, Tanzania, Douglas Mushi, Silvia Francis Materu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The increased sales of locally packaged roasted cashew kernels (RCK) in Tanzania reflect growing consumer demand for healthy, convenient snacks. Despite this popularity and frequently reported cases of gastrointestinal illness, the microbial safety of these plastic- bagged products is not well-documented, posing a potential public health concern. To address this, a study was performed to evaluate packaging hygiene, package integrity, and microbial contamination of randomly selected packages of RCK (small: n=99; medium: n=87; large: n=118) from vendors in Coast and Morogoro regions, Tanzania. Package integrity was assessed using a vacuum decay leak tester while microbial contamination on surfaces including RCK, …

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Molecular Evidence For Presence Of Manihot Esculenta Associated Virus 1: Cg-Nmb And/Or Cg-Kah Isolates In Coast, Tanzania: A Threat To Cassava Production, Herieth R. Mero Dec 2025

Molecular Evidence For Presence Of Manihot Esculenta Associated Virus 1: Cg-Nmb And/Or Cg-Kah Isolates In Coast, Tanzania: A Threat To Cassava Production, Herieth R. Mero

Tanzania Journal of Science

Genetic diversity of Manihot esculenta associated virus type 1 (MEaV-1) species suspected to cause the most destructive Brown Streak of Cassava (CBSD) in Tanzania, has remained elusive since the year 2020 when MY-6mb-4 virus isolate was first identified in Chambezi, Coast region. In this study, two additional isolates (CG-Nmb and CG-Kah) of the MEaV-1 species were characterized in the same area after screening leaf samples collected from 292 Kiroba, 12 Albert and 22 Kikombe varieties of cassava using a Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) assay. One half of the leaf samples collected from each of the three varieties …

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Mathematical Modeling Of Awareness-Driven Interventions For Gender-Based Violence Control In A Closed Population, Furaha M. Chuma, Edward K. Ngailo, Zubeda S. Mussa Dec 2025

Mathematical Modeling Of Awareness-Driven Interventions For Gender-Based Violence Control In A Closed Population, Furaha M. Chuma, Edward K. Ngailo, Zubeda S. Mussa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical global health issue with profound social, economic, and psychological implications. Despite concerted efforts to address this challenge, traditional intervention approaches often fall short of effectively mitigating its prevalence. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the potential impact of awareness-based interventions in addressing various social and health crises. This paper introduces a modeling framework to explore the efficacy of awareness-based interventions in influencing the dynamics of the GBV epidemic within a closed population. A detailed sensitivity analysis, utilizing a normalized sensitivity index method, reveals that the violence transfer rate between perpetrators and …

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Modelling The Impact Of Multiple Control Strategies On The Spread Of Phyllody Disease In Sesame, Augustino I. Msigwa, Furaha M. Chuma Dec 2025

Modelling The Impact Of Multiple Control Strategies On The Spread Of Phyllody Disease In Sesame, Augustino I. Msigwa, Furaha M. Chuma

Tanzania Journal of Science

Phyllody disease, caused by phytoplasma and transmitted by insect vectors such as leafhoppers, poses a serious threat to the productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum) as it has caused substantial yield and oil-quality losses worldwide, with documented seed-yield reductions ranging from 38% to as high as 80% in severe outbreaks, particularly in Africa and India. Understanding phyllody dynamics is therefore critical to safeguard yields and trade. While some modeling efforts exist for sesame phyllody (for example, statistical and prediction-focused approaches), mechanistic transmission models (SEIR) assessing its full impact remain scarce. This study therefore develops and analyses impact of multiple control strategies …

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Modeling And Forecasting Wholesale Gasoline Prices In Tanzania Using Arima And Neural Network Autoregressive Models, Thadei D. Sagamiko, Edward K. Ngailo Dec 2025

Modeling And Forecasting Wholesale Gasoline Prices In Tanzania Using Arima And Neural Network Autoregressive Models, Thadei D. Sagamiko, Edward K. Ngailo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Fluctuations in wholesale gasoline prices significantly impact the economy of import-dependent countries like Tanzania, making accurate forecasting essential for policymakers and market participants. This study forecasts monthly wholesale gasoline prices in Dar es Salaam by comparing the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model with a Neural Network Autoregressive (NNAR) model. Using data from January 2015 to December 2024 from the Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA), the models were evaluated. The ARIMA(1,1,1) model was identified as the best-fitting linear model, but the NNAR(11,7) model demonstrated superior accuracy. On the holdout test set, the NNAR model achieved a lower Mean …

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Aquifer Distribution In Lukobe Ward, Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania: Mapped Resources For Sustainable Water Access, Kelvin K. Kayuni Dec 2025

Aquifer Distribution In Lukobe Ward, Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania: Mapped Resources For Sustainable Water Access, Kelvin K. Kayuni

Tanzania Journal of Science

In response to the ongoing challenges posed by the scarcity of reliable fresh-water sources in Lukobe Ward, Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, this study applied an integrated approach that combines geospatial and geophysical datasets to identify previously undocumented aquifers. The datasets utilized include an apparent density map generated from high-resolution GGMPlus satellite gravity data, a geological map (Quarter Degree Sheet 183), a water drainage map, and a slope map created from a digital elevation model (DEM). The analysis successfully identified four unconfined, saprolitic aquifers in the study area, designated as aquifers A, B, C, and D. These aquifers span areas of 12.2 …

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Synergistic Use Of Sentinel-1 And Sentinel-2 Data For Mapping Of Degradation In Coastal Forests And Miombo Woodlands Of Tanzania, Daria C. Kimaro Dec 2025

Synergistic Use Of Sentinel-1 And Sentinel-2 Data For Mapping Of Degradation In Coastal Forests And Miombo Woodlands Of Tanzania, Daria C. Kimaro

Tanzania Journal of Science

Forest degradation is one of the leading sources of carbon emission globally. In Africa, particularly in Tanzania, forest degradation is driven by selective logging and forest fires. Monitoring degradation over large areas is very challenging due to the lack of accurate and reliable methods. This study assessed degradation in miombo woodlands and coastal forests using a synergy of remotely sensed data acquired from sentinel-1 and sentinel-2 achieved by integrating their complementary strength where sentinel-1 enhanced detection of structural changes and sentinel-2 provided spectral insight into vegetation. The 3I3D, unsupervised algorithm analysing trends for three vegetation indices (3I) in a three-dimensional …

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Performance Comparison Of Kriging Models Used For Estimation Of Rainfall Variability In The Northern Coast Of Tanzania, Salma Suleiman, Clement Mromba Dec 2025

Performance Comparison Of Kriging Models Used For Estimation Of Rainfall Variability In The Northern Coast Of Tanzania, Salma Suleiman, Clement Mromba

Tanzania Journal of Science

Accurate rainfall estimation underpins effective disaster preparedness and sustainable socioeconomic planning. The performance of Ordinary Kriging (OK), Universal Kriging (UK), and Simple Kriging (SK) in estimation of rainfall variability were assessed across eight stations in the northern coast of Tanzania for the period from 1960 to 2020. Using ArcGIS 10.3, each method was evaluated and cross-validated using six performance metrics, namely; Mean Error (ME), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Root Mean Standardized Square Error (RMSSE), Average Standardized Error (ASE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R²). Performance comparison results indicate OK to have achieved the lowest bias, …

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Exploring Bacterial Diversity In Seagrass Meadow Of Thalassia Hemprichii And Syringodium Isoetifolium From Tanzania’S Coast, Lucy D. Mbusi, Thomas J. Lyimo, Sylvester L. Lyantagaye Dec 2025

Exploring Bacterial Diversity In Seagrass Meadow Of Thalassia Hemprichii And Syringodium Isoetifolium From Tanzania’S Coast, Lucy D. Mbusi, Thomas J. Lyimo, Sylvester L. Lyantagaye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Seagrasses are highly productive coastal ecosystems that harbor diverse bacterial communities, including both culturable and unculturable taxa. These bacteria play vital roles in ecological, biogeochemical, and biotechnological processes. In this study, a metagenomic approach using Pacific Biosciences next-generation sequencing was employed to investigate bacterial diversity associated with Thalassia hemprichii and Syringodium isoetifolium collected from the Mjimwema coast, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Results revealed that T. hemprichii supported greater bacterial species diversity (117 OTUs) compared to S. isoetifolium (109 OTUs). Among plant compartments, roots harbored the highest diversity, followed by rhizosphere sediment and leaves. The phylum Proteobacteria dominated across all samples …

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Simulation Based Model For Canine Distemper Virus In Prey-Predator Dynamics, Mussa A. Stephano Dec 2025

Simulation Based Model For Canine Distemper Virus In Prey-Predator Dynamics, Mussa A. Stephano

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study investigates the dynamic interactions of a prey-predator ecosystem infected with Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), focusing on predation and disease transmission. A deterministic model, coupled with Monte Carlo simulations (MCS), employed to capture both stochastic variability and environmental fluctuations. The findings indicate that classical prey-predator cycles provide the baseline for population dynamics, but the introduction of CDV and environmental noise fundamentally alters system behavior. Initially, populations exhibit oscillations that gradually stabilize into dynamic equilibria. However, the disease persists within both prey and predator populations, suggesting endemicity rather than extinction. Predation plays a dual role in disease dynamics, while it …

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Variations In Physicochemical Properties, Microbiological Profiles, And Nutrient Dynamics In The Temi River, Arusha, Tanzania: Sources And Implications, Aldo J. Kitalika Dec 2025

Variations In Physicochemical Properties, Microbiological Profiles, And Nutrient Dynamics In The Temi River, Arusha, Tanzania: Sources And Implications, Aldo J. Kitalika

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study thoroughly investigates the physicochemical properties, microbiological profiles, and nutrient dynamics of the Temi River in Tanzania. The sources and implications of fluctuations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients during the wet and dry seasons are carefully analysed. Water samples were collected from various geographically referenced points along the river, and analyses were performed using the APHA Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Testing. The results show that most parameters increased downstream in both seasons, with the highest DOC levels reaching 352.11 mg/L in the wet season, followed by a significant decrease to 126.00 mg/L during the dry …

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Reimagining A Nexus Between Seaport And National Development: Sociotechnical Imaginaries Of Ghana’S Port Of Tema, Jonas Aryee, Casper Andersen, Annette Hansen Dec 2025

Reimagining A Nexus Between Seaport And National Development: Sociotechnical Imaginaries Of Ghana’S Port Of Tema, Jonas Aryee, Casper Andersen, Annette Hansen

Plymouth Business School

This article explores the evolving sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) shaping Ghana’s Port of Tema, revealing how national development goals and global trade imperatives intersect in African port governance. Through analysis of policy documents, media discourse, and interviews, it identifies four overlapping phases in the evolution of these imaginaries: the industrial gateway era, neoliberal globalization, the rise of a transshipment hub, and the most recent phase of indigenous contestation and institutional resilience. Rather than replacing earlier visions, newer imaginaries build upon and hybridize older ones, creating both synergies and tensions. The study demonstrates that STIs at Tema have evolved through processes of …

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Parliamentary Gridlock In Tanzania: An Examination Of The Politics Of Changing The Cashew Nut Industry Act (Cap 203), Palme Kawishe Dec 2025

Parliamentary Gridlock In Tanzania: An Examination Of The Politics Of Changing The Cashew Nut Industry Act (Cap 203), Palme Kawishe

Tanzania Journal of Sociology

The legislature plays a pivotal role in overseeing the management of public resources through the budget process, which provides a formal forum for debating how funds are mobilised, allocated, and spent. Through this process, the legislature reviews and amends the laws governing a government’s annual revenues and expenditures. However, legislative review is often shaped by underlying political dynamics. Focusing on legislative-executive relations, this article examines the political dynamics that unfolded in Tanzania’s parliament during the amendment of the Cashew Nut Industry Act (Cap. 203) and how these dynamics produced parliamentary gridlock. It further explores how the fusion of party and …

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In-Situ Determination Of Tension Zone Of Sediments By Using Dynamic Light Cone Penetration Test: Tropical Sediments In Tanzania, Francis K. Mutabazi, Gabriel D. Mulibo, Dalmas L. Nyaoro, Keneth Lupogo Dec 2025

In-Situ Determination Of Tension Zone Of Sediments By Using Dynamic Light Cone Penetration Test: Tropical Sediments In Tanzania, Francis K. Mutabazi, Gabriel D. Mulibo, Dalmas L. Nyaoro, Keneth Lupogo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Dynamic probing of the light hammer (DPL) has been analysed by plotting the penetration index (blows per 10 cm penetration depth). The information obtained provides vital insight into ground profile variation. However, the results presentation and analysis have not been sufficiently investigated in ascertaining more information on the ground properties; therefore, focus on additional analysis techniques are needed to reveal further ground information. This paper aims at exposing the potential of using total penetration blows plots for examining the ground characteristics, narrating procedure for such graphical analysis. The analysis of the results, using total blows on linear and log scales, …

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Design And Testing Of Adaptable Piston Damping Mechanism For Rapid Compression Machine, Myeji C. Materego Dec 2025

Design And Testing Of Adaptable Piston Damping Mechanism For Rapid Compression Machine, Myeji C. Materego

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) is, essentially, a piston housed inside a cylinder. Its main objective is to compress a combustible mixture as rapid as possible to a higher temperature and pressure at which its auto ignition characteristics can be studied. Such machines are useful in the study of engine fuels autoignition behaviour because they provide a good representation of a single stroke compression ignited engine. There are various designs and operation techniques of RCM, but they all have to possess a key characteristic of compressing the fuel mixture rapidly while producing minimum heat and mass loss, turbulence and pressure …

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Steady Flow Over A Plate With Variable Fluid Properties In The Presence Of Magnetic Fields And Thermal Radiation, Jonas A. James, Makungu J. Ng'oga, Augustino I. Msigwa, Ahmada O. Ali Dec 2025

Steady Flow Over A Plate With Variable Fluid Properties In The Presence Of Magnetic Fields And Thermal Radiation, Jonas A. James, Makungu J. Ng'oga, Augustino I. Msigwa, Ahmada O. Ali

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The study examines a steady convective boundary layer flow model influenced by magnetic fields and variable fluid properties over the inclined plate. The governing model system of non-linear partial differential equations is transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations. These transformed equations are then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method combined with the shooting techniques using MATLAB package because it is efficiency, stable and converge to the expected solutions compared with other methods. The numerical results detail the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, and the local Sherwood number, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient …

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Affordability And Usability Of Digital Learning Resources In Higher Education: A Case Of Online Mathematics Tutorials For Engineering Students At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Fatuma S. Ikuja, Idrissa S. Amour, Abdi T. Abdalla Dec 2025

Affordability And Usability Of Digital Learning Resources In Higher Education: A Case Of Online Mathematics Tutorials For Engineering Students At The University Of Dar Es Salaam, Fatuma S. Ikuja, Idrissa S. Amour, Abdi T. Abdalla

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Effective learning requires engagements with both learning contents and instructor’s personalized support. Large class sizes often limit opportunities for personalized instruction and timely feedback. Digital resources offer a viable solution to enhanced engagement and independent learning. This study investigated the affordability and usability of online digital learning resources for mathematics tutorials, specifically targeting engineering students at the University of Dar es Salaam. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted, focusing on digitization of undergraduate course: Matrices and Basic Calculus for Non-Majors (MT161). The course was delivered through the Moodle Learning Management System integrating STACK to support Mathematics questions. Data was collected …

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Denoising Low Dose Ct Images Using Enhanced Autoencoder Deep Learning Model: A Phantom Study, Ali O. Masoud, Khamis O. Amour, Ahmed M. Jusabani, Adithya Rajnaryanan, Manoj Kumar, Yasir M. Haji, Mwingereza J. Kumwenda Dec 2025

Denoising Low Dose Ct Images Using Enhanced Autoencoder Deep Learning Model: A Phantom Study, Ali O. Masoud, Khamis O. Amour, Ahmed M. Jusabani, Adithya Rajnaryanan, Manoj Kumar, Yasir M. Haji, Mwingereza J. Kumwenda

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Reducing radiation dose in Computed Tomography (CT) inherently leads to increased image noise, which can compromise clinical interpretation. To address this limitation in Low Dose CT images (LDCT), numerous computational techniques particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been explored for CT image enhancement. Various CNN architectures with different convolutional layer designs have been developed to improve image quality. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a developed CNN-based autoencoder for denoising LDCT images while preserving diagnostic integrity. An end-to-end CNN autoencoder with information bottleneck (IB) pipeline was designed and trained using CT phantom images with varying noise levels, aiming to suppress …

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Space Vectors Discretization-Based Direct Torque Control Scheme For High Performance Induction Motor Drives, Francisco Balenga, Francis Mwasilu Dec 2025

Space Vectors Discretization-Based Direct Torque Control Scheme For High Performance Induction Motor Drives, Francisco Balenga, Francis Mwasilu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

In this paper, a direct torque controller (DTC) based on discretization of space vectors (DSV-DTC) for induction motor drives is proposed. By using this technique, the number of voltage vectors is increased, consequently it reduces the torque ripple compared to the conventional DTC control scheme. Specifically, the switching table of the proposed DSV-DTC scheme is comprised of thirty-six nonzero voltage vectors compared to the six voltage vectors in the conventional DTC scheme. Furthermore, it makes use of a five – level torque hysteresis comparator instead of three-level of the conventional DTC. The performance of the proposed control scheme is validated …

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Dynamic-Based Assessment Of Shear Connectors In Composite Bridges With Data Taken From The Surface Of The Deck Slab, Emmanuel S. Leo Dec 2025

Dynamic-Based Assessment Of Shear Connectors In Composite Bridges With Data Taken From The Surface Of The Deck Slab, Emmanuel S. Leo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Most bridge management systems generally rely on visual inspections for condition assessment; this means that damage in inaccessible parts of the structure, such as shear connectors in concrete composite bridges, can remain undetected until failure occurs. Localised non-destructive techniques are limited to small areas, time-consuming, and require prior knowledge of the damaged zone. These limitations can be overcome by using dynamic-based techniques. This study aims to investigate experimentally the efficiency of dynamic-based techniques in assessing the condition of shear connectors based on measurements taken from the surface of the deck slab. The study involved the construction of five composite beam …

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Lean Manufacturing Implementation Barriers For Micro, Small And Medium Industries In Tanzania: Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, Juma M. Matindana, Francis D. Sinkamba, Mussa I. Mgwatu Dec 2025

Lean Manufacturing Implementation Barriers For Micro, Small And Medium Industries In Tanzania: Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, Juma M. Matindana, Francis D. Sinkamba, Mussa I. Mgwatu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

With rising global competition, manufacturing industries are adopting Lean Manufacturing (LM) to stay competitive. However, LM implementation in Africa, especially among micro, small, and medium industries (MSMIs), remains low, with research estimates at just 1%. This study examines the barriers to LM implementation in Tanzanian MSMIs. Data were collected from 243 respondents using survey research and purposive sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 27.0.1, along with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), were used for analysis. The top five LM barriers for micro industries are lack of training on LM tools, poor understanding of lean philosophy, high investment …

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Estimation Of Crop Water Requirements And Irrigation Demand For Maize And Rice In Morogoro, Tanzania Using The Cropwat 8.0 Model, Regina Pasiani, Johnson Mangesho, Paul Ts Limbu Dec 2025

Estimation Of Crop Water Requirements And Irrigation Demand For Maize And Rice In Morogoro, Tanzania Using The Cropwat 8.0 Model, Regina Pasiani, Johnson Mangesho, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study assessed the crop water requirements (CWR) and irrigation demands of maize and rice in Mvomero District, Morogoro Region in Tanzania, under varying seasonal rainfall and soil conditions. Using the CROPWAT 8.0 model, agrometeorological parameters such as temperature, rainfall, evapotranspiration, and effective rainfall were integrated with crop-specific characteristics and soil properties to simulate irrigation demands and quantify water needs across different crop phenological stages. The analysis employed decadal climatic data and crop coefficients (Kc) to simulate both the net and gross irrigation requirements. The findings revealed that maize, cultivated predominantly on red loamy soils, had a seasonal …

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Impacts Of Climate Variability On Hydrological Response And Water Resources: Case Of Little Ruaha Catchment -Tanzania Using Ground And Chirps Data, Florence H. Mahay, Patrick C. Valimba, Madaka H. Tumbo, Fides J. Izdori, Leonard Maketa Dec 2025

Impacts Of Climate Variability On Hydrological Response And Water Resources: Case Of Little Ruaha Catchment -Tanzania Using Ground And Chirps Data, Florence H. Mahay, Patrick C. Valimba, Madaka H. Tumbo, Fides J. Izdori, Leonard Maketa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The Little Ruaha River catchment in Tanzania is increasingly affected by climate variability, with implications for agriculture, hydropower, and water supply. This study evaluates the effects of climate variability on rainfall and streamflow and assesses the usefulness of satellite-based rainfall data for hydrological modeling. Thirty-year records (1991–2020) of rain gauge and river flow data were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test, and the HBV rainfall–runoff model was run with both gauge and CHIRPS satellite rainfall inputs. Annual rainfall exhibited no significant trends at most stations (p > 0.05), except for a notable decline at one eastern site. Seasonal rainfall and streamflow showed …

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Numerical Simulation Of Corner Reinforced Concrete Column-Beam Joint With Differential Concrete Grades And Steel Fibres Under Monotonic Loading, Daudi S. Augustino, Emmanuel Safari Leo Dec 2025

Numerical Simulation Of Corner Reinforced Concrete Column-Beam Joint With Differential Concrete Grades And Steel Fibres Under Monotonic Loading, Daudi S. Augustino, Emmanuel Safari Leo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Structural elements are composed of joints that are essential for force transfer. In particular, for concrete structures, the column-beam joint is an integral section that requires insight due to the traditional use of different concrete grades, forming a strong-column-weak-beam (SCWB) system. A numerical model of the joint was developed in Abaqus to explore the axial load performance and damage tolerance of corner column-beam joints with different concrete grades under monotonic static loading. A concrete-damaged plasticity model (CDPM) was used to model the damage behaviour of concrete, utilising the available strain-stress models in literature and EuroCode 2. Results show that concrete …

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Cost Of Safety: Evidence From Building Construction Projects In Tanzania, Juma M. Matindana, Kamugisha J. Kajumulo, Fatma K. Mohamed Dec 2025

Cost Of Safety: Evidence From Building Construction Projects In Tanzania, Juma M. Matindana, Kamugisha J. Kajumulo, Fatma K. Mohamed

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Cost of safety is a condition where a project determines the magnitude to which its resources are used for activities that prevent poor safety outcomes, that appraise the safety quality of the project services, and that result from safety failures. Reducing the cost of safety remains a major challenge in Tanzania's construction industry and reflects trends in many developing countries. A positive safety environment in which projects reduce costs associated with safety performance is critical to project success. This study investigates the cost of safety of building construction projects in Tanzania. The questionnaire was distributed to 255 contractor companies managing …

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Enhancing Academic Efficiency Through Ability Grouping And Remedial Classes: The Cases Of India And Vietnam, Samwel Lwiza Dec 2025

Enhancing Academic Efficiency Through Ability Grouping And Remedial Classes: The Cases Of India And Vietnam, Samwel Lwiza

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Improving the performance of academically weak students remains a major challenge in developing countries, particularly in the context of the ‘leave no one behind’ agenda. This study examines the roles of ability grouping and remedial classes in enhancing academic efficiency among students in India and Vietnam. Drawing data from 17,866 students in the 2016/17 Young Lives School Survey, this study estimated efficiency scores by using the order-alpha partial frontier approach, and their determinants were assessed through a bootstrap truncated regression model. The findings indicate that ability grouping increases students’ efficiency by 3%, whereas remedial classes decrease it by the same …

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