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Complex Plant Disease Syndromes Induced By Plant Parasitic Nematodes And Phytopathogenic Bacteria: Interactions, Mechanisms And Management, Atef M. El-Sagheer, Eman A. Hammad, Radwa G. Mostafa

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most significant agents contributing to plant disease complexes, acting both as direct parasites and as facilitators of bacterial infections. Their interactions with phytopathogenic bacteria are multifaceted, involving mechanical wounding caused by stylet penetration, disruption of plant cell integrity, and alteration of host physiology. These changes create favourable conditions for bacterial entry, colonization, and systemic spread. Additionally, PPNs can suppress plant defines responses and modify root exudate profiles, thereby enhancing bacterial survival and virulence in the rhizosphere. Such interactions often lead to a synergistic increase in disease incidence and severity, resulting in greater yield losses …

Advancing Multivariate Time Series Similarity Assessment: An Integrated Computational Approach, Franck B.N. Tonle, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Milliam M.Z. Ndadji, Maurice Tchoupe Tchendji, Armand Nzeukou, Kennedy Senagi, Saliou Niassy

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Data mining, particularly multivariate time series data analysis, is crucial in extracting insights from complex systems and supporting informed decision-making across diverse domains. However, assessing the similarity of multivariate time series data presents several challenges, including dealing with large datasets, addressing temporal misalignments, and necessitating efficient and comprehensive analytical frameworks. A novel integrated computational approach, Multivariate Time series Alignment and Similarity Assessment (MTASA) is proposed to address these challenges. MTASA is built upon a hybrid methodology designed to optimise time series alignment, complemented by a multiprocessing engine that enhances the utilisation of computational resources. This integrated approach comprises four key …

Capacity Building In Research Data Management Services: A Case Of Malaysian Research-Intensive Universities, Mohd Ikhwan Ismail

Student Works (2020-2029)

The increasing volume of research data has led to the emergence of research data management (RDM). Researchers generate substantial amounts of data that require efficient management throughout various stages of the research lifecycle. Dissemination and sharing of research data are key components of open science and RDM, driven by the requirements of funders, publishers, and institutions. Consequently, libraries have become vital in supporting researchers and adapting to the rapid growth of research data. The academic librarians providing RDM services need the capacity to fulfil roles and responsibilities for the research community. In the Malaysian context, RDM is still in its …

(Re)Membering: Navigating Culturally Responsive Teaching To Support Black Students From The Cultural Experiences And Life Histories Of Black Women K-3 Teachers, Nicole Newman

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the lived experiences of four Black women teaching in primary grades, focusing on the ways their resilience and culturally responsive pedagogies shape the academic and personal growth of young Black students. Utilizing a qualitative endarkened narrative approach, this research explores how these teachers employ storytelling as both a pedagogical and cultural tool, drawing from their own experiences and ancestral knowledge to foster identity development, bridge the opportunity gap, and empower students during the foundational years of education. Through rich and layered narratives, the participants illuminate their journeys of resilience, detailing how they cultivate inclusive, affirming learning environments …

Heading For The Hills: An Evaluation Of The Conditions Impacting Teacher Attrition And Retention In Post-Pandemic California Title I Schools, Colin M. Mcinnis

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The low rates of preservice and early in-service teacher retention in California’s Title I schools have been a longstanding concern and contributing factor in the state’s teacher shortage. However, the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) pandemic exacerbating teacher attrition creates a concern for how frameworks of new teacher support should be re-examined in post-pandemic classrooms. This study aimed to understand what factors are most important to preservice and early in-service teachers working in Title I schools when deciding to retain or resign from their positions. Additionally, this study examined whether reported factors associated with teacher attrition and retention differ from …

Volume 48 Masthead, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Volume 48 Masthead

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Corporate Scenarios: Drawing Lessons From History, Madison Condon

Seattle University Law Review

As corporations are increasingly pressed to reveal information about their exposure to climate-related risks, they are often asked to undertake and disclose the outcome of “scenario analysis.” In this exercise, corporations, including financial institutions, examine how their business would fare under different pathways the future may take. One oft-used scenario, for example, is the International Energy Agency’s “Net-Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Energy Sector.” This Essay presents a history of the use of scenarios as a corporate planning tool, particularly in the oil industry, arguing that it is key for understanding our present moment and the role of …

Shareholder Expression In A Time Of Heightened Political Tension, Aaron A. Dhir

Seattle University Law Review

In this article, I provide context for my forthcoming research project on shareholder proposals and racial equity audits. Since the murder of George Floyd in May of 2020, progressive shareholder actors have increasingly used the proposal mechanism to advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice-related goals. These proposals have frequently gone beyond requesting the usual corporate fare of diversity trainings, intersectionality workshops, affinity groups, etc. Instead, a more ambitious type of proposal asks corporate America to conduct racial equity audits, defined as “an independent, objective and holistic analysis of a company’s policies, practices, products, services and efforts to combat systemic racism …

Corporate Governance Speech, Sarah C. Haan

Seattle University Law Review

The State has always regulated the intra-firm communications that make corporate governance possible, most commonly by mandating disclosures of information by a corporation to its shareholders. Some such laws are labeled “securities regulation,” but securities regulation is a broad category that extends to speech by actors who are outside the corporate enterprise as well. Also, the conventional securities regulation category does not capture all such laws; other examples, including informationforcing mandates, can be found in state corporate law. This Article uses the term “corporate governance speech” to describe the communications among shareholders, directors, and officers through which corporate governance is …

Dark Accounting Matter, Colleen Honigsberg

Seattle University Law Review

Physicists calculate that approximately 85% of the matter in the universe is composed of “dark matter” that “does not absorb, reflect, or emit electromagnetic radiation and is therefore difficult to detect.” The S&P 500 currently trades at a price-to-book value of 4.2, suggesting that book value accounts for less than 20% of the S&P 500’s market value. The remaining 80% appears nowhere in these firms’ balance sheets—it is invisible to contemporary accounting techniques and constitutes “dark accounting matter.”

Some “dark accounting matter” is composed of factors commonly described as components of “ESG.” Human capital, for example, is an intangible asset …

The Employees’ Dilemma: Balancing Internal Reporting, Whistleblowing, And Insider Trading Risks, Geeyoung Min

Seattle University Law Review

The Essay examines how recent developments in insider trading regulations and whistleblower reward programs can lead to unintended and counterproductive results of discouraging employees from using internal reporting channels within corporate compliance programs. While the presence of a robust and well-functioning corporate compliance program is a critical factor both in mitigating the level of public enforcement actions against companies and in protecting corporate managers from liability in private litigation, these programs often provide little incentive for employees to report potential misconduct internally.

Corporate compliance programs are designed to promote the upward information flow within the company, which is essential for …

How The Antidiscrimination Law Of Commercial Transactions Really Works, Helen Norton

Seattle University Law Review

A variety of businesses now cite 303 Creative when seeking First Amendment protection for their refusal to serve certain customers based on those customers’ protected class status. How this litigation will play out remains to be seen. But future courts need not, and should not, repeat the 303 Creative Court’s misunderstanding of how the antidiscrimination law of commercial transactions actually works.

Part I of this Essay explains the Court’s longstanding understanding of the antidiscrimination law of commercial transactions, and then describes the Court’s failure to engage with this precedent in 303 Creative. Part II then identifies the 303 Creative decision’s …

Understanding The Big Three’S Wavering Support Of Environmental And Social Shareholder Proposals, Jeff Schwartz, Jefferson Jensen

Seattle University Law Review

Because of their substantial equity portfolios, BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street (the Big 3) are central players in corporate governance. It is, therefore, critical to understand how they vote. One puzzle is that their support for shareholder proposals on environmental and social matters appears to waiver. In 2020, for instance, BlackRock supported 11.1% of environmental proposals at S&P 500 firms. In 2021, it seemingly reversed course, supporting 55.2%. It then flipped again, supporting 32.1% in 2022. Such statistics suggest that the Big 3 are constantly changing their views on these topics. This Article seeks to better understand whether this is …

Volume 48 Masthead, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Volume 48 Masthead

California, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In general, California may be the most hospitable state to public sector collective bargaining. The basic rules are far more favorable to placing matters within the scope of mandatory subjects than any other state. There are, however, serious differences in how police and non-police bargaining is treated.

• Choice of Forum for Police. Under California’s public sector collective bargaining law, most unions and employers must resolve their conflicts about the scope of bargaining through California’s Public Employment Relations Board (PERB). For police only, however, the parties can also bring the disputes to court.
• Los Angeles Labor Relations. The scope …

Massachusetts, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In Massachusetts there are several areas of difference in the treatment of police and non-police collective bargaining. They include the following:

• Interest Arbitration. In Massachusetts police and fire bargaining units are entitled to interest arbitration to resolve bargaining disputes. Other employees have access to a less powerful non-binding fact finding process. All public employees are prohibited from striking.
• Transparency of Rules and Agency Processes. The rules that govern police impasse procedures are hidden in a law that was passed in 1987 and never codified, creating a “if you know, you know” process for police.
• Use of Impact Bargaining …

Florida, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In general, Florida Public Employment Relations Commission (PERC) decisions and statute demonstrate a dramatic divergence between police and non-police mandatory subjects of bargaining, particularly in the area of discipline. In addition,

• Duty to Bargain Discipline More Expansive for Police. The duty to bargain disciplinary rules in the non-police setting is much more expansive in the police setting.
• Duty to Bargain Work Reassignment More Expansive For Police. The reassignment rules are dramatically different in the police and non-police context.
• Duty to Bargain Change of Duties Broader for Police. There are few cases about changes of duties, but those that exist are …

Missouri, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

Missouri law allows for both police and non-police collective bargaining, but before 2018 there were no agency mechanisms to adjudicate a failure to bargain.

In 2018, however, the state passed a statute dramatically constraining public sector unions, but the law exempted police. The Missouri Supreme Court found that exclusion to be an equal protection violation.

Pennsylvania, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In Pennsylvania there are several areas of difference in the treatment of police and non-police collective bargaining. They include the following:

• Police Units are Governed by a Separate Statute. In Pennsylvania an earlier enacted statute governs police collective bargaining, and the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s decision requires that statute to be read in pari materia with the Pennsylvania Public Employee Collective Bargaining Act, allowing police units to benefit from both laws.
• Police Have Interest Arbitration. Police units in Pennsylvania have access to interest arbitration to resolve impasses, most other units do not.
• Board Discretion and Lack of Transparency. …

Hawai’I, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In general, Hawai’i’s statute contains a broad management rights provision that appears to at least make permissive bargaining over a range of topics including discipline, duties, and any other decisions to “maintain efficiency.” Hawai’i’s Labor Relations Board issues a very small number of decisions and an even smaller number of cases interpreting the requirement to bargain over mandatory subjects. The small number of decisions that the Hawai’i Labor Relations Board (HLRB) issues tend to be lengthy, poorly written and reasoned, and difficult to understand. The Board itself is comprised of three, full-time members, each of whom is paid over $100,000 …

Connecticut, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In general, the Connecticut commission is hostile to expansive definitions of mandatory subjects of bargaining, sometimes issuing decisions that are results-driven and an expression of a preference for the substance of the employer’s decision. There are a couple of distinctions between police and other units:

• The Commission is more likely to weigh safety on the side of bargaining for police than others.
• The Commission treats the requirement to bargain surveillance-based decision more expansively for non-police units than police-units.

The Commission is more likely to find subcontracting of police work to an outside agency to be a mandatory subject of bargaining.

Iowa, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

In general, the differences between police and non-police units are dramatic. This is mostly due to statutory changes in 2017, making the scope of bargaining much more constrained for non-police bargaining units. Those amendments also constrained the scope of an interest arbitrator’s decision, again excluding police units. There are not many Board decisions in Iowa, and even fewer after 2017, but in the cases that exist, there are differences even before the statutory amendment.

Illinois, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

As compared with other states, the Illinois Labor Relations Board (“ILRB” or “Board) is unusually protective of the right to bargain. The Board is more protective still of the ability of police unions to bargain over employer decisions. In the last several years in cases involving the Chicago Police Department, the Board has moderated somewhat by, in key cases, refusing to issue a decision but rather holding the matter “in abeyance.” A few highlights follow:

• Only Police Have the Right to Interest Arbitration. The Illinois Labor Relations Act requires police bargaining units to resolve contractual impasses through interest arbitration. …

Delaware, Elizabeth Ford

Thin Blue Advantage: Police Exceptionalism and the Two-Tier System of Public Sector Collective Bargaining

Delaware law governing police and non-police bargaining is separated into two largely identical statutory schemes. Both statutes provide for interest arbitration and adopt “baseball arbitration” to expedite the arbitration process. Keeping with the goal of expedient dispute resolution, the state’s ULP process seems designed to facilitate settlement.

As a result of this ULP structure, there are few cases from Delaware’s PERB compared to other states. This may have to do with the fact that the myriad preliminary stages of ULP proceedings serve as “off-ramps” to encourage settlement and that the agency’s Executive Director (E.D.) has more power than non-Delaware analogs. …

Assessing The Past And Future Of Article Iii, Section 12 Of The South Dakota Constitution, Neil Fulton, Madison Gosch

South Dakota Law Review

The framers of South Dakota's Constitution feared corruption among public officials. This inspired them to implement structural checks on corruption in that organic document. One result of that effort was Article III, Section 12. That provision prohibited legislators from entering contracts authorized during their term. It further prohibited legislators from occupying other public offices during the legislative service or being appointed to offices created or given increased compensation during their term. The expansion of state government's reach over time and a recent reinterpretation of Article III, Section 12 raises the question of how well it aligns with current circumstances. This …

Table Of Contents, South Dakota Law Review

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

How South Dakota Can Criminalize Child Sexual Grooming, Jackson Marnette

South Dakota Law Review

In 2023, the South Dakota Legislature proposed and rejected Senate Bill 94, which would have criminalized child sexual grooming. South Dakota, like most states, lacks a law that effectively deters potential child sexual abusers from initiating the child sexual abuse process. Other states’ grooming laws have been challenged on constitutional grounds with differing results. This article considers the benefits of grooming laws, the pros and cons associated with other states’ passed legislation, and any issues with Senate Bill 94’s language. The article concludes with a legislative proposal based on child sexual grooming academic theory.

Understanding Rural Legal Deserts To Inform Public Policy: Identifying And Describing Lawyer Gaps In Non-Metropolitan Counties, David J. Peters, Emma Bartling, Emily Meyer

South Dakota Law Review

Rural legal deserts have become a growing topic of interest to legal scholars and social scientists in the U.S. However, current research is limited by measurement issues and by the lack of national-scale analyses. To address these limitations, we identify legal deserts by applying latent profile analysis to lawyer gap rates for N = 2,307 non-metropolitan counties in the U.S. Lawyer gap rates are calculated as local demand for lawyers minus the local supply, using employment in private practice law offices from the Census Bureau. Next, we statistically describe the spatial, demographic, economic, and social characteristics of legal deserts. We …

United States V. Sioux Nation Of Indians Revisited: Justice, Repair, And Land Return, Frank Pommersheim, Bryce Drapeaux

South Dakota Law Review

The amazing legal journey of this case begins in 1923 and ends with a Sioux Nation of Indians “victory” in the Supreme Court in 1980. Before reaching the Supreme Court, the case was litigated four different times before the Court of Claims because of the ineffective assistance of counsel and the necessity of a congressional statute to clear away the threatening ghost of res judicata. The historical backstory begins not in 1923, but with the signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and the United States’ illegal taking of the sacred Black Hills in1877. And the case does not …