Digital Commons Network^™

Identification Of Benzothiophene-Derived Inhibitors Of Flaviviruses By Targeting Rna-Dependent Rna Polymerase, Leah Liu Wang, Shazeed-Ul Karim, Aidan Hand, Ryan Brunkhorst, Mackenna Petersen, Sarah Altam, Yi Liu, Luwen Zhang, Fengwei Bai, Shi-Hua Xiang

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Flaviviruses such as Dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses are mosquito-borne RNA viruses that can cause serious diseases in humans. To develop effective drugs for treating these viruses’ infections, we create a new approach for developing common or shared drugs that may work for several different viral species of flaviviruses. It is based on the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the key enzyme for viral replication. We built up a common structure of RdRps (POLcon) from their consensus sequence. A conserved Triple-D structural motif was identified at the active site of POLcon that has been used for virtual …

Bacteria-Engineered Vesicles For Cancer Immunotherapy: From Immunomodulation In Vitro To Anti-Tumor Effects In Melanoma Models, Lan Li

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Bacterial vesicles hold immense potential in various biomedical fields. Among these, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria are the most extensively studied. While the exact mechanism of OMV production remains unclear, numerous environmental factors have been shown to influence both their yield and composition. In this study, we investigated the effect of three different antimicrobial families on OMV production by E. coli. Interestingly, antimicrobials within the same family did not provide the same effects on OMV yield, suggesting that OMV production may not directly correlate with the antimicrobial mechanism of action. OMVs have demonstrated tumor-inhibitory activity in multiple …

Chromatographic And Electrophoretic Analysis Of Lignin-Derived Monomers And Dimers: Extraction Method Development And Evaluation Of Cyclodextrins For Recovery, Anjam Sadik

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Biorefineries play a vital role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and addressing global warming concerns. Unfortunately, investment in biorefineries remains limited due to economic sustainability concerns. One approach to enhance the economic viability of biorefineries is by fully utilizing the potential of feedstocks, particularly lignocellulosic biomass, which is commonly used in these processes. Traditional processing methods often alter the lignin portion of biomass, making it unsuitable for further utilization. However, when retained in its native form, lignin can serve as a valuable source of chemicals that contribute to the economic sustainability of biorefineries.

The lignin-first approach, which removes lignin …

Insights Into Factors Influencing Radical Coupling Chemistry Of Monolignols During Lignification And Induced Changes In Plant Secondary Metabolism, Rachel Poornima Sutherland

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Lignin is a complex aromatic biopolymer and an important constituent in plant cell walls. The process of lignin biosynthesis, known as lignification, is poorly understood and challenging to study but has important implications in a variety of fields including sustainable energy, bioengineering, and materials science and is therefore of interest to pursue. In the final stage of lignification, H-, G-, and S-monolignols are oxidized by laccase and peroxidase enzymes to generate radical species that couple to form dimers and further oligomeric species to ultimately produce the lignin polymer. Biomimetic lignin model systems utilize in vitro oxidative coupling reactions as an …

Impact Of Catastrophic Brain Injury Guidelines On Organ Donation Rates, Kristen D. Nordham, Danielle Tatum, Abdallah S. Attia, Mayur B. Patel, Anil Paramesh, Juan C. Duchesne, Jeffry Nahmias, Amelia W. Maiga, Allan B. Peetz, Pascal O. Udekwu, Anquonette Stiles, Chloe Shell, Joshua D. Stodghill, Taneen Maghsoudi, Erin Iacullo, Bryant Mclafferty, Erin Coonan, Ryan M. Boudreau, Steven A. Zimmerman, Berje Shammassian, Tanya Egodage, Isabella Aramento, Patrick Morris, Jacob Metheny, Michael S. Farrell, Matthew D. Painter, Owen T. Mccabe, Philomene Spadafore

Surgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND One third of organ donors suffer catastrophic brain injury (CBI). There are no standard guidelines for the management of traumatic CBI prior to brain death, and not all trauma centers have institutional CBI guidelines. In addition, there is high variability in management between institutions with guidelines. Catastrophic brain injury guidelines vary and may include various combinations of hormone therapy, vasopressors, fluid resuscitation, and other practices. We hypothesized that centers with CBI guidelines have higher organ donation rates than those without. METHODS This prospective, observational EAST-sponsored multicenter trial included adult (18+ years old) traumatic-mechanism CBI patients at 33 level I …

Human Rights Methodology For Clinical Instruction: Legal Theory And Interdisciplinary Practices To Realize Human Rights Outcomes, Diane Desierto

Journal Articles

The interdisciplinary fact-finding and analytical methodologies of global human rights law, when translated to experiential learning practices (e.g., in the form of human rights legal assessments that integrate international law with domestic law and inject rigorous plausibility evaluations of client claims applicable to global as well as domestic fora) can usefully enhance and expand United States law school clinical teaching practices and the transfer of practical lawyering skills. By teaching law students: (1) the wide range of available human rights factfinding and empirical tools; (2) the techniques for broad use and application of primary and secondary evidentiary sources; and (3) …

Academic Entitlement: Why Gen Z Students Believe They Deserve Good Grades For Academic Success Regardless Of Their Performance, Clinton Stephen Mawusi

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis explores how Generation Z college students at Northern Illinois University (NIU) understand, negotiate, and express academic expectations and experiences, particularly concerning their sense of academic entitlement. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 20 full-time undergraduate students across diverse academic disciplines, this qualitative study employed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-phase thematic analysis approach to identify patterns in students’ perspectives on grades, effort, and faculty relationships. The findings reveal detailed tensions between students’ desire for recognition of effort and their awareness of institutional standards of academic merit. Participants shared insights into classroom interactions, grading policies, use of campus resources, and the …

Characterization Of A Large-Scale Electrohydrodynamic Vortex Confinement Flow For Particle Agglomeration, Sanjay Dangi

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

With industrialization and the increasing use of microplastics and nanoparticle-based products, the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the biosphere has increased due to the disposal of manufacturing waste and expired parts. If inhaled, PM2.5 can have detrimental health effects, as these particles can travel deep into the lungs and even penetrate blood vessels. Conventional fabric filters used for indoor air quality control have drawbacks, including the need for periodic filter replacement and a high-pressure drop across the filter over time, which leads to increased power consumption. In power plants, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are primarily used to collect fly …

The Long Border: The Politics U.S. Immigration Policy Makes, John Peter Hansberry

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis examines how the structural context of presidential leadership influences immigration policy outcomes, with a focus on the interplay between a president’s political regime position and the level of legislative gridlock. Drawing on the American Political Development tradition, this study integrates regime theory, congressional gridlock research, and scholarship regarding executive power to formulate a framework of presidential strategic choice. Seven U.S. presidencies are analyzed as case studies: Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, representing diverse regime affiliations and degrees of partisan polarization. This thesis shows that …

Piv Visualization Of A Sinusoidal Ehd Confinement Flow Induced By Variation In Ion Density For Electrostatic Particle Agglomeration, Md Eyasin Hossain

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Long-term exposure to PM2.5, which is responsible for four million cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide, is a major concern as people spend 90% of their time indoors. Fabric filters have been commonly utilized for particle pollution control in indoor settings. However, the maintenance cost of fabric filters is relatively high, as particle accumulation on filters can lead to higher pressure drops (45 ∼ 300 Pa) and energy consumption, as well as the growth of biological organisms and the generation of airborne pathogens. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is filterless and widely used in the electric power industry for collecting coal fly ash. ESPs …

"On The Mat They Will Get Treated The Same": Male High School Wrestlers' Attitudes Towards Female Opponents, Emily Ann Kaht

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Wrestling has historically been considered a male sport. Until recently, so few girls wrestled that those who did had no choice but to take on male opponents. Media reports and the literature indicate that those girls faced a wide range of attitudes from their opponents. While some women reported feeling supported by their male teammates, others reported hostility. Some stakeholders have, in the past, argued that wrestling is inherently unsuitable for girls, and some girls had trouble securing matches due to widespread refusal of boys to wrestle against them. Reasons given for boys forfeiting against girls have included a fear …

Stop Shying Away From Race: Black Americans’ Cultural Models For Shyness, Carrie Zack

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This study explored how African American adults understand and experience shyness, with particular attention to the influence of race and racism. While most psychological research on shyness has largely centered white experiences and treated race as a peripheral variable, this study applied Critical Race Theory and Cultural Model Theory to investigate whether Black Americans share a cultural model for shyness. Using semi-structured interviews with sixteen African American adults, the study sought to uncover shared mental frameworks that guide interpretations of shy behavior, especially in contexts involving unfamiliarity or potential negative evaluation.

Contrary to expectations, the findings did not support the …

Md Simulation Of Femtosecond Laser-Controlled Melting Of Multiple Core-Shell Nanoparticle Systems, Shivansh Patel

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of femtosecond laser-induced melting and heat transfer in multiple Cu–Al core–shell nanoparticle systems. The research builds upon previous single-particle studies and extends the investigation to multiple interacting nanoparticles to better understand nanoscale thermal transport and melting behavior under ultrafast laser irradiation. Understanding this process is essential for improving laser-based additive manufacturing and sintering of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs), where precise control of heat flow and particle bonding determines the final material quality. The simulations were performed using the Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) integrated with the Modified Two-Temperature Model (MTTM). …

Journal 2, Ryan Peschman

Mighty Pen Project Anthology & Archive

A stunningly kaleidoscopic narrative that asks, over and over, what it means to be alive.

Articles, stories, and other compositions in this archive were written by participants in the Mighty Pen Project. The program, developed by author David L. Robbins, and in partnership with Virginia Commonwealth University and the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond, Virginia, offers veterans and their family members a customized twelve-week writing class, free of charge. The program encourages, supports, and assists participants in sharing their stories and experiences of military experience so both writer and audience may benefit. CONTENT WARNINGS: Animal death, Autopsy related gore, Child …

Design And Synthesis Of Novel Ligands For Bioorthogonal Catalysis, Asymmetric Synthesis, And Ferromagnetic Behavior, Alexander G. Olivelli

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Small molecule metal complexes have diverse applications including usage as catalysts, single molecule magnets, photosensitizers and pharmaceuticals. The first research project in this work reports a new ligand which dimerizes upon coordination to afford a trinuclear Cu(I) complex. Due to the coordination geometry of the Cu(I) metal centers, paired with the strong nitrogen coordinating groups, the resulting complex is resistant to oxidation even in the presence of strong oxidants. The complex is shown to be efficient in the CuAAC reaction and used to tag anticancer drug candidates in vitro. The next project focuses on a series of amidine-based ligands featuring …

For Her Horror: Sociopsychological Gratifications Obtained By Fem Fans Of The Slasher, Brooke Eaglesong Wilson

Masters Theses

Those who side with the unjustified killer in slasher films are doing so to fulfill sociopsychological needs that are not being met in social reality. There were three main findings found in this study. First, participants sided with the unjustified killer in slasher films to gratify needs that were not being fulfilled in their careers such as the need to perform without having to consult mentors, not unlike how the unjustified killer murders victims without discussing with others. Second, participants sided with the unjustified killer in slasher films to gratify needs in their romantic relationships such as the need to …

The Forgotten Student Leader: The Leadership Experiences Of Ncaa Division I Team Captains, Alex Warrick

Masters Theses

In the modern era, NCAA Division I sports fans and the media fixate on which teams have the biggest stadium, the implications of the transfer portal, which of their favorite players has the largest Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) or scholarship deal, and who has the most accolades. Due to this, what goes on behind the scenes for the athletes that are impacted by these headlines and tall ordeals often gets lost. The purpose of this narrative, qualitative study was to examine the leadership experiences of the student athletes who have been historically forgotten in discussions about student leadership, the …

Understanding First-Generation College Students’ Perceptions Of Sorority Recruitment, Megan Morecraft

Masters Theses

This study explores first-generation college students’ discovery of sororities, influences for going through a recruitment process, and motivations for selection. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to first-generation college students and greek organizations, specifically sororities, and this study aides in bridging the gap and providing information regarding strategies for recruitment and marketing practices. With more informed practices on first-generation student populations, an increased quality of marketing and programming could be implemented, as well as retention. This study and its findings allow for more intentionality and enhancements to occur, especially when promoting the greek experience and sorority …

A Multitude In The In-Between: The Impact Of Perceived Social Support On Resilience For Neurodivergent And Gsd Identities, Along With Barriers To Receiving Support, Theo Edwards

Masters Theses

This study used intersectionality theory to examine how overlapping minority identities impact receiving social support and the cultivation of resiliency. Individuals who identify as in the Gender and Sexually Diverse (GSD) community or the neurodivergent (ND) community may experience unique stressors due to various barriers to support. Overlap of GSD and ND identities can present added struggles. Information from 46 GSD and/or ND college students was collected through self-report scales and recorded interviews to examine the effects of perceived social support on resiliency. Also assessed were common values in social support like having someone to talk to and being understood, …

Effects Of Perceived Procedural Justice On The Relationship Between Visa Application Outcome And Psychological Distress: Evidence From Ghanaians And Nigerians Applying For U.S. Student Visas, Harriet Swanzy-Baffoe

Masters Theses

Visa interviews are not just bureaucratic processes; they can have significant psychological effects on applicants. This study examined the impact of U.S. student visa outcomes on psychological distress among West African applicants, with particular attention to perceptions of procedural justice during the interview process. The study surveyed 203 Ghanaian and Nigerian individuals who had previously applied for a U.S. student visa. Psychological distress was measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and perceptions of fairness were measured with a custom-developed Procedural Justice Scale. Independent samples t-tests showed that denied applicants reported significantly higher distress, although elevated symptoms were also …

Barriers To Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among College Students, Ben Andrew Winfield

Masters Theses

Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. In general, people eat more and exercise less, with a lot of individuals not meeting World Health Organization recommendation of 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity weekly. At times, individuals may face barriers which prevent or inhibit their ability to participate in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), exercise completed in one’s free time. These barriers are known as leisure constraints and are comprised of three categories: intrapersonal, feelings and psychological aspects; interpersonal, relationship aspects; and structural, physical aspects. Body image, the perception individuals have about their bodies and …

Optimization Of Transformation And Regeneration In The Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus), Sara M. Kilar

Masters Theses

In addition to their value as prized ornamentals, sunflowers are important crop species due to the nutritional value and high oil content of the seeds. Sunflower oil is a significant contributor to global seed oil production, which can be used as a food additive and cooking agent as well as a raw material for biodiesel production. While traditional breeding efforts have led to the development of many unique cultivars, genetically modified variations have proven more difficult due to the recalcitrance of sunflower plants to genetic transformation. As a result, facile and efficient transformation methods for sunflowers have the potential to …

Influence Of Thermophilic Biofilms On Proliferation Of Opportunistic Pathogens In Domestic Water Systems, Olajumoke Akinbami

Masters Theses

Domestic hot-water systems quietly grow biofilms under elevated temperatures that can serve as shelter to Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens. Although focus has been placed on microbes in domestic systems, there has been no clear conclusion on the mechanism of survival and persistence of opportunistic pathogens despite various disinfection strategies. In this study, we determined the distinction between showerhead and drip-flow biofilms at the whole-community level and analyzed the coexistence of thermotolerant organisms with opportunistic genera, such as Legionella. We sampled eight showerheads and simulated four biofilm samples in the laboratory using the drip-flow biofilm reactor.

We observed a strong …

Obstacles And Supports As Experienced By Foster Youth In Higher Education: Ventura County Community College District, Breanna Webb

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological research study assesses the obstacles faced by foster youth and the support available to them while attending the Ventura County Community College District. As it currently stands, about four and a half percent of foster youth in the United States go on to earn a college degree. Very little research has been done to explore the effectiveness and outcomes of the support offered to foster youth. Data for this research study was collected using the General Self-efficacy scale and structured interviews. Each of the ten participants was given a demographics survey and a Self-Efficacy scale survey and …

The Executive Branch: Powers Of The President & Inaugurations, Wolf Law Library, William & Mary Law School

Library Book Displays

On display in the Wolf Law Library January - July 2025.

X-Ray Standing-Wave Fluorescence Study Of The Interaction Of An Anti-Microbial Peptide With A Supported Phospholipid Bilayer, Gobind Basnet

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

To understand the mechanism by which anti-microbial peptide penetrates biological membranes,the study uses artificial supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) deposited on solid substrates. These bilayers were prepared from a lipid mixture of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC)and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol (DMPG) in a 10:1 molar ratio and were incubated both with and without indolicidin. Additionally, bilayers were studied after incubation with a labeled form of indolicidin, which involved attaching a 1.8 nm diameter gold nanoparticle to the peptide’s terminal arginine group.

X-ray reflectivity (XRR) was employed to identify structural differences between SLBsincubated with indolicidin and those without it. The introduction of gold labeling facilitated the …

Hurts So Good: An Exploration Of Benign Masochism And Other Motivations Toward Discomfort, Cody T. Gibson

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Benign masochism describes the tendency for individuals to seek discomfort for enjoyment andis frequently measured by the self-reported enjoyment of various experiences thought to involve mild levels of discomfort. Although research suggests individuals engage in uncomfortable experiences because they enjoy discomfort, research on benign masochism rarely considers other motivations individuals might have. Pilot testing (N = 81), exploratory factor analysis (N = 442), and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 363) were conducted using three rounds of data collection using U.S. participants on CloudResearch’s Connect platform, resulting in a 28-item scale for benign masochism. Six factors—benign masochism, identity, limitations, affiliation, growth, …

Meaningful Legislative Conflict: The Role Of Party Competition, Nader Omar Alghoul

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation explores the influence of legislative conflict, defined by party polarization, relational animosities, and majority size, on legislative productivity in the U.S. Congress. While prior studies have focused on party polarization, divided government, and relational conflict, this research broadens the analysis by incorporating majority size as a key determinant of legislative accomplishment. The research will affirm that moderate polarization sharpens policy debates and enhances productivity, while extreme polarization, particularly when combined with significant relational conflict, results in legislative gridlock. Importantly, this research adds majority size to the amalgam of conflict and uncovers a curvilinear pattern: modest majorities improve legislative …

It's Not The Fault Of The Parrot, But Of The One Who Teaches Him To Talk: Understanding Identities And Relationships Of An Educational Ngo In Guatemala, Brittany Rebecca Blomquist

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Guatemala is an economically poor country, with a rich culture that makes it a destination for foreign assistance through non-governmental agencies (NGOs) and tourism. The history of conflict and foreign economic development within the country has created a dichotomy of identities, divided across economic wealth, ethnicity, and urban/rural landscapes. NGOs, their presence as transnational actors, and their organizational identities augment the identities present within the spaces in which NGOs work. Additionally, these identities are fluid and relational. I argue that the identities and relationships that form within the NGO space are reflective of NGO work and development structures. The identities …

Investigating The Social Effects Of Doomscrolling, Sean Daniel Hronek

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This study investigates the social effects of doomscrolling, a behavior characterized by the compulsive consumption of negative content on social media, which has become increasingly prevalent. The research explores how doomscrolling may contribute to adverse social outcomes. Three hypotheses are proposed: (H1) doomscrolling correlates with increased acceptance of authoritarian behaviors, (H2) doomscrolling correlates with decreased trust in news media, and (H3) doomscrolling correlates with reduced interpersonal trust. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 108 (n=108) participants. Results indicate modest correlations between doomscrolling and the hypothesized social effects. Qualitative interviews further revealed that users often …