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Articles 7681 - 7710 of 8453
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Streamlining Digital Elevation Model Construction From Historical Aerial Photographs: The Impact Of Reference Elevation Data On Spatial Accuracy, Xin Hong, Christopher H. Roosevelt
Streamlining Digital Elevation Model Construction From Historical Aerial Photographs: The Impact Of Reference Elevation Data On Spatial Accuracy, Xin Hong, Christopher H. Roosevelt
All Works
This study proposes a streamlined workflow for producing historical digital elevation models (hDEMs) from scanned 1950s aerial photographs using structure-from-motion and multi-view-stereo (SfM-MVS) techniques along with co-registration methods. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of DEM references with varying spatial resolutions on the SfM-MVS process and co-registration accuracy. The DEM references included a 30 m SRTM DEM (low resolution), a 12 m TanDEM-X DEM (medium resolution), and a 5 m DEM provided by the General Directorate of Mapping of the Ministry of National Defense, Republic of T & uuml;rkiye (high resolution). Results indicate that higher resolution …
Authenticity Can Be Costly: Understanding School Belonging Among Latine Immigrant High School Students, Deborah A. Ith
Authenticity Can Be Costly: Understanding School Belonging Among Latine Immigrant High School Students, Deborah A. Ith
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
School belonging is strongly associated with positive outcomes, including overall wellness and higher educational attainment. These outcomes can have lasting impacts on the lives of students. The construct of school belonging is defined as the degree to which a student feels accepted, supported, valued, and comfortable expressing themselves authentically within the school community. Students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, especially recent immigrants, often have experiences within the school setting that interfere with the development of a strong sense of school belonging. Unfortunately, much of the prior research on school belonging has relied on survey data, correlational studies, or teacher …
Echoes Of Heritage: Understanding The Impact Of Subtractive Bilingualism On Emotional Well-Being And Bicultural Identity In First- And Second-Generation Immigrants, Anna Reszewicz
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
The effects of emotional well-being and cultural identity have been widely examined, yet little research has examined these outcomes among subtractive bilinguals. This study aimed to fill the gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between emotional well-being and bicultural identity among first- and second-generation immigrants in the United States who were identified as subtractive bilinguals and non-subtractive bilinguals. Subtractive bilinguals are defined as individuals who learn a second language (L2) while experiencing a decline in proficiency or usage of their heritage language (L1). Using self-report measures, 170 participants were recruited and completed an eligibility survey that included the …
Counselor Educators’ Understanding Of Ableism: A Mixed Methods Study, Cynthia Renee Boyle
Counselor Educators’ Understanding Of Ableism: A Mixed Methods Study, Cynthia Renee Boyle
Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers
Ableism, defined as beliefs and practices that prioritize able-bodiedness and lead to disability discrimination, is a prevalent but often overlooked form of oppression rooted in the historical American legacy of other forms of prejudice, discrimination, and is foundationally rooted in higher education through eugenics. Despite the counseling profession's mandate for multicultural competence, disability issues and ableism are often excluded from mainstream curriculum, contributing to a knowledge gap among counselor educators. This convergent mixed methods study explored and analyzed counselor educators’ understanding of ableism using a cross-sectional questionnaire administered to 48 participants. Quantitative results indicated a positive correlation between more formal …
The Role Of Teacher Efficacy And School Climate In Parent-Teacher Relationship Quality And Congruence For Autistic Students, Morgan E. Herber, Alycia M. Hund
The Role Of Teacher Efficacy And School Climate In Parent-Teacher Relationship Quality And Congruence For Autistic Students, Morgan E. Herber, Alycia M. Hund
Faculty Publications – Psychology
Parent-teacher relationships are critical for Autistic student success. The purpose of the current project was to better understand parent-teacher relationships for Autistic students. This project was unique in its use of dyadic data from parents and teachers and its mixed methods design to explore parent-teacher relationship quality and congruence for Autistic students. In Wave 1, 37 parents and 37 teachers of Autistic students completed surveys measuring teacher self-efficacy, school climate, and parent-teacher relationship quality. Teacher efficacy was significantly positively associated with teacher reports of parent-teacher relationship quality. School climate was significantly positively associated with parent reports of parent-teacher relationship quality. …
Customer Service Support. Utilizing Machine Learning To Classify, Prioritize And Summarize Issues., Hoai Nhan Nguyen
Customer Service Support. Utilizing Machine Learning To Classify, Prioritize And Summarize Issues., Hoai Nhan Nguyen
ICT
This capstone project investigates the application of machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) to enhance customer support operations through automated ticket classification, prioritization, and summarization. Using the multilingual Customer Support Emails dataset from Kaggle, the project follows the CRISP-DM methodology, performing extensive data cleaning, preprocessing, feature engineering, and class balancing. Five machine learning models—Decision Tree, KNN, LinearSVC, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest—were evaluated using hyperparameter tuning, cross-validation, confusion matrix analysis, and learning curves. LinearSVC demonstrated the strongest performance for both queue and priority classification, achieving accuracies of 89.8% and 81.2% respectively, with consistent generalization across folds. For summarization, extractive …
Detecting Fake News Using Ai, Gustavo Lambert, Ignatio Varela
Detecting Fake News Using Ai, Gustavo Lambert, Ignatio Varela
ICT
This project investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically supervised machine learning techniques, can be applied to detect and classify fake news with high accuracy. The motivation stems from the widespread dissemination of misinformation on social media, where false narratives often spread faster than verified content. To address this issue, two distinct classification models were implemented and evaluated: one combining TF-IDF vectorization with Random Forest classifier, and another using TF-IDF with Logistic Regression. The TF-IDF technique was used to convert raw textual data into meaningful numerical features, capturing word frequency and relevance within the corpus. Both models were trained and tested …
Meta-Interpretive Questions And The Aims Of Theories Of Interpretation: Beyond The Remedial Answer, Francisco J. Urbina
Meta-Interpretive Questions And The Aims Of Theories Of Interpretation: Beyond The Remedial Answer, Francisco J. Urbina
Journal Articles
This invited Response to Bill Watson’s “What Are We Debating When We Debate Legal Interpretation?” examines the point and purpose of interpretive theories. Watson argues that theories of interpretation are about how legal actors should exercise discretion when the law runs out. The Response builds on Watson’s sophisticated conceptual framework to explain that interpretive theories can be about at least two other topics. They can be about the most normatively appealing way of operating with sources—whether this tracks legal content or not—and they can be about which criteria for identifying something as law the legal community should adopt.
Metaphoric Sense Developments In The Names Of Places Of Worship In Contemporary American English, John G. Newman, Sylwester Łodej
Metaphoric Sense Developments In The Names Of Places Of Worship In Contemporary American English, John G. Newman, Sylwester Łodej
Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications
This paper offers an account of the metaphorical extension of the names of religious houses of worship such as temple, church, mosque, and synagogue in contemporary American English, reflecting processes of linguistic secularization. Using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the study investigates how the meanings of religious terms enter into secular domains, signalling shifts in societal perceptions of religious experience. The findings show that temple and church frequently undergo metaphorization, appearing in phrases like temple of learning and church of football, where non-religious modifiers drive semantic extension. These terms increasingly denote secular places characterized by human …
Incitement, Enthusiasm, And The Dangers Of Negligent Protest, John D. Inazu
Incitement, Enthusiasm, And The Dangers Of Negligent Protest, John D. Inazu
Scholarship@WashULaw
This Article explores the murky line between protected speech and assembly on the one hand, and harmful incitement on the other. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Oliver Wendell Holmes’s dissent in Gitlow v. New York, it explores Holmes’s famous dictum that “every idea is an incitement” as a conceptual starting point. By analyzing the relational and temporal dynamics between speaker and listener, the Article highlights how meaning and effect are often shaped by the listener’s agency and other circumstances beyond the control of the speaker. Two contemporary cases illustrate these dynamics. The first is the Fifth Circuit …
Grading Machines: Can Ai Exam-Grading Replace Law Professors?, Jens Frankenreiter, Kevin L. Cope, Scott Hirst, Eric A. Posner, Daniel Schwarcz, Dane Thorley
Grading Machines: Can Ai Exam-Grading Replace Law Professors?, Jens Frankenreiter, Kevin L. Cope, Scott Hirst, Eric A. Posner, Daniel Schwarcz, Dane Thorley
Scholarship@WashULaw
In the past few years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant technical advances, such that legal-advocacy organizations are increasingly adopting them as complements to—or substitutes for—lawyers and other human experts. Several studies have examined LLMs' performance in taking law school exams, finding mixed results. Yet there have been no published studies systematically analyzing LLMs' competence at one of law professors' chief responsibilities: grading law school exams. This paper presents results of an analysis of how LLMs perform in evaluating student responses to legal analysis questions of the kind typically administered in law school exams. The underlying data come from …
Navigating “Being Seen”: Experiences Of Older Adult Arab Immigrants And Family Caregivers Accessing Health Care Services In Ontario, Selma Tobah, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Jodi Hall, Lloy Wylie, Sandra Regan
Navigating “Being Seen”: Experiences Of Older Adult Arab Immigrants And Family Caregivers Accessing Health Care Services In Ontario, Selma Tobah, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Jodi Hall, Lloy Wylie, Sandra Regan
Publications
Immigrants to Canada face unique barriers to accessing health care including communication barriers, socioeconomic limitations, and a lack of health care system navigation knowledge. Arabs in particular face mainstream negative attitudes, propagated through political discourses as well as entertainment media. We sought to understand how older adult Arab immigrants and family caregivers accessed and experienced health care in Ontario. We conducted a critical constructivist grounded theory, using Charmaz’s approach to grounded theory. A critical constructivist grounded theory method asks not only “what” social processes are happening and “how” but also “why” and “who” benefits. Both older adult immigrant Arabs and …
Development And Validation Of A Revised Multidimensional Digital Health Literacy Scale: Secondary Analysis Using Cross-Sectional Data From The 2022 Getcheckedonline Community Survey In British Columbia, Canada, Ihoghosa Iyamu, Pierce Gorun, Hsiu Ju Chang, Rodrigo Sierra-Rosales, Devon Haag, Heather Pedersen, Sofia Bartlett, Nathan Lachowsky, Geoffrey Mckee, Catherine Worthington, Troy Grennan, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Daniel Grace, Mark Gilbert
Development And Validation Of A Revised Multidimensional Digital Health Literacy Scale: Secondary Analysis Using Cross-Sectional Data From The 2022 Getcheckedonline Community Survey In British Columbia, Canada, Ihoghosa Iyamu, Pierce Gorun, Hsiu Ju Chang, Rodrigo Sierra-Rosales, Devon Haag, Heather Pedersen, Sofia Bartlett, Nathan Lachowsky, Geoffrey Mckee, Catherine Worthington, Troy Grennan, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan, Daniel Grace, Mark Gilbert
Publications
Background: Digital technologies are reshaping health care, making digital health literacy (DHL) a critical competency for navigating online health information. Although widely conceived and measured as a unidimensional measure of DHL, the literature increasingly supports a multidimensional framing of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Studies propose alternative factor structures that can better inform population-level interventions, but these studies have not accounted for the ordinal nature of eHEALS response data. Objective: This study aimed to identify and validate an alternate multidimensional structure of eHEALS accounting for its ordinal response scale. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2022 GetCheckedOnline community survey of …
Poor Little Woman And Sybil Of The Rhine: Code Switching In Hildegard Of Bingen’S Writing, Bridgett Meskis
Poor Little Woman And Sybil Of The Rhine: Code Switching In Hildegard Of Bingen’S Writing, Bridgett Meskis
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
Hildegard of Bingen (1098- 1179) was a twelfth century German Benedictine abbess, mystic, author, composer, and theologian. Despite the heavily patriarchal and restrictive culture of her day, Hildegard managed to gain autonomy and authority within her community. She benefited from a boom in popularity in the mid-1990s, which saw a broadening of research subjects, including focus on the gender dynamics at play in Hildegard’s life. This scholarship has died down significantly since. Given the breadth and depth of her work, Hildegard of Bingen’s work deserves to be revisited through more recent theoretical lenses that can provide significant insights into her …
Exploring The Impacts Of Secondary/Foreign Language Development On Childhood Development, Malone A. Ingram
Exploring The Impacts Of Secondary/Foreign Language Development On Childhood Development, Malone A. Ingram
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
The central topic of my research project explores the positive impacts that early second language acquisition has on childhood development . I examine its effect through the lens of bilingual education in Missoula County Public Schools, identifying possible shortcomings in the language education programs in elementary schools, as well as feasible solutions. I approach this research from two distinct directions: a literature review and original data collection. I will analyse existing studies and information relating to bilingualism and its positive impact on childhood development. This will provide context and support for my interview questions. Next, for my own independent research, …
Using Wida English Language Development Standards Framework To Make Language Visible In An International Baccalaureate Unit Of Inquiry, Wanqing Zhao
All Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis discusses the integration of the theory and practices of International Baccalaureate (IB) programs with those of the World-Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) English Language Development (ELD) Standards Framework (2020) to enhance language learning for English Language Learners (ELLs) in an IB Primary Years Program (PYP) in China. Focusing on a fourth-grade Unit of Inquiry (UOI) that concerns human migration, this paper explores two core areas: alignment between IB’s holistic, inquiry-driven approach and the WIDA ELD Standards Framework (2020), and strategies for making language visible to ELLs through WIDA’s Key Language Use of Explain genre family. The Teaching …
The Struggle For Equity In Education: Affirmative Action And Systemic Change, Derek Truong
The Struggle For Equity In Education: Affirmative Action And Systemic Change, Derek Truong
Tredway Library Prize for First-Year Research
Derek’s paper analyzed both the oppressive and liberating roles the education system holds within society. He grounded this research by examining this paradox within the case study of affirmative action, particularly alongside the experiences of Asian Americans and other historically marginalized perspectives. By examining educational theories, Derek argued that a critical analysis of affirmative action demystifies this paradox and exposes deeper systemic inequities in the education system. With a nuanced view of affirmative action based on theory, Derek concluded that systemic and pedagogical changes can occur with internal reforms, such as integrating a more inclusive curriculum that reflects a diverse …
Victim Advocacy For Latina Women: Addressing Barriers Situated In The Scholarly And Public Spheres, Alejandra Aleannie Tavarez
Victim Advocacy For Latina Women: Addressing Barriers Situated In The Scholarly And Public Spheres, Alejandra Aleannie Tavarez
Honors Senior Capstones and Theses
This research will explore how machismo, marianismo, and mental health stigma impact victim advocacy for Latina women. By analyzing existing literature and systemic challenges, this study will advocate for culturally informed solutions that address the legal, social, and psychological barriers Latina survivors face. Through a critical lens, this paper will examine the ways in which existing victim services can be improved and expanded to better serve this underrepresented population.
Revolutionary Worldmaking: James Monroe Whitfield’S Poems In Martin Delany’S Blake; Or, The Huts Of America, Magdalena Zapędowska
Revolutionary Worldmaking: James Monroe Whitfield’S Poems In Martin Delany’S Blake; Or, The Huts Of America, Magdalena Zapędowska
Jacobson Center: Publications
Martin Delany’s Blake, serialized in the Weekly Anglo-African in 1861–62, includes five unattributed poems from James Monroe Whitfield’s volume America and Other Poems, which appear in the novel as compositions of the Cuban revolutionary poet Placido. Largely overlooked in scholarship on Blake, Whitfield/Placido’s poems are crucial to the impending revolt of the oppressed because they foster a collective emancipatory consciousness and model, through poetic form, the meticulous organization on which the revolution relies for success. Resonating with other poems and songs quoted in the novel, they speak to broader questions of poetry’s role in building communities of resistance. In turn, …
The Relationship Between Motor Abilities And Cultural Factors In Autistic Children, Lindsey Marie Anderson
The Relationship Between Motor Abilities And Cultural Factors In Autistic Children, Lindsey Marie Anderson
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
Autism and motor abilities have been found to be closely related. Culture affects motor development as well as the various diagnostic criteria for an autism diagnosis, yet it is rarely considered in research and in diagnostics. This study aimed to explore the relationship between cultural factors, the social characteristics of autism, and motor abilities in autistic and non-autistic children by utilizing a demographic survey, the SRS-2, and the MABC-2 Balance subtest. The information and scores were analyzed to determine if the relationship between autism characteristics still stands when cultural factors are considered, and to determine which cultural factors mediate the …
The Relationships Between Learner Socio-Demographic Factors, Self-Efficacy, Culture, And Student Engagement In The Online Learning Environment, Nikki L. Lagrone
The Relationships Between Learner Socio-Demographic Factors, Self-Efficacy, Culture, And Student Engagement In The Online Learning Environment, Nikki L. Lagrone
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
The continuing need to understand and evaluate student engagement, specifically in the online learning environment, is critical for researchers and instructional designers. To design online learning for optimal learning outcomes, researchers must account for the individual cultural and cognitive characteristics of the learner. By examining cultural attributes of the learner, instructional designers will be able to design online instruction as a more inclusive learning environment. This quantitative, explanatory correlational research study aimed to investigate the relationship between learner cultural attributes and online student engagement. Additionally, how learner socio-demographic factors and online learning self-efficacy are related to online student engagement were …
Historicity And Axiology: Temporal Implications For Axiology, Bennett Gilbert
Historicity And Axiology: Temporal Implications For Axiology, Bennett Gilbert
History Faculty Publications and Presentations
To develop the axiology of moral (or ethical) values, phenomenological analysis must look at temporality in a way that is unfamiliar to it. This way is through knowledge and experience of the actual historical past, from which it has been separated by the Heideggerian conception of historicity and its classical Husserlian analysis of time consciousness. The development of historical studies helps to make this possible. A simple sample model of the diachronesis of the awareness of ethical significance, value, and obligation is presented. It moves the analysis from a presentist focus to the field of experience in which subjects develop …
History’S Movement: The Historical Ontology In Social Ontology, Bennett B. Gilbert
History’S Movement: The Historical Ontology In Social Ontology, Bennett B. Gilbert
History Faculty Publications and Presentations
Social ontology and the philosophy of history both concern themselves with human collectives. Social ontology is supposed to be theoretical, although the social sciences are supposed to be empirical. Philosophy of history is supposed to be theoretical, although historiography is supposed to be empirical. In fact, the a priori and the a posteriori mix in both theoretical and empirical endeavors in similar ways. Since the two endeavors hold part of their objects of inquiry in common, they should be able to speak to another. In what follows I aim to expose some of the ways their dialogue stresses and can …
Interdependence And Identity: Moral Relation In An Historical World, Bennett B. Gilbert
Interdependence And Identity: Moral Relation In An Historical World, Bennett B. Gilbert
History Faculty Publications and Presentations
The twin concepts in the title will be introduced in the contexts of the philosophy of history and of philosophical personalism, as distinct from (though related to) their uses as logical and metaphysical categories. Overviews of varieties of philosophy of history and of basic principles I employ are foundations of the argument. Concepts, or ideas, in general have, I argue, real existence through the way that personal agents use them in creating the histories of human relations. I introduce a Personalist account, which has a more thoroughly diachronic character. Further remarks on the power of ideas to create relations expands …
Two Americas, Across Two Americas: A Comparative Analysis Of Indigenous Law In The United States And Guatemala, Thomas Jiwon Lynch
Two Americas, Across Two Americas: A Comparative Analysis Of Indigenous Law In The United States And Guatemala, Thomas Jiwon Lynch
Emory International Law Review Recent Developments
The United States and Guatemala are home to some of the largest indigenous populations on earth. They are also home to some of the worst transgressions against these peoples. Though superficially distinct, the two states share the same violent colonial history and their differing approaches to modern indigenous rights both miss the mark. The question is why. Is it because US judges routinely misinterpret existing case law? Because the rule of law is weaker in Guatemala? Or is there something far more deeply rooted in each state’s shared history that prevents true recognition of indigenous rights? This paper attempts to …
Negotiating Power Relationships In Interprofessional Health Care Groups, Allison L. Noyes
Negotiating Power Relationships In Interprofessional Health Care Groups, Allison L. Noyes
Communication Studies Faculty Works
This chapter examines the communication challenges associated with the hierarchical structure of power relationships among the health professions. It is commonly believed that balancing power relationships is crucial for successful interprofessional collaboration in providing patient care, but because hierarchy is deeply embedded in healthcare organizations, balancing power among health professionals may be an unrealistic ideal. This chapter therefore reframes thinking about professional hierarchy-from a monolithic absolute to a flexible and negotiable social order that can serve multiple purposes at different points in the patient care process. It proposes a communicative framework of interprofessional hierarchy negotiation that can help us to …
Minding The Gap: How Do New Lcap Requirements Address Equity For English Learners?, Magaly Lavadenz, Ph.D., Raquel Gonzalez, Ph.D., Elvira G. Armas, Ed.D., Gisela O'Brien, Ph.D., Hannah Catron, M.A., Jeimee Estrada-Miller, Ph.D., M.P.P.
Minding The Gap: How Do New Lcap Requirements Address Equity For English Learners?, Magaly Lavadenz, Ph.D., Raquel Gonzalez, Ph.D., Elvira G. Armas, Ed.D., Gisela O'Brien, Ph.D., Hannah Catron, M.A., Jeimee Estrada-Miller, Ph.D., M.P.P.
Reports
California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), signed into law in 2013, centers equity as a key to increased and improved services for three targeted student subgroups, including English Learners (ELs), low-income students, and foster youth. As a component of LCFF, districts develop Local Control and Accountability Plans (LCAPs) to specify their goals and strategies for using LCFF funds for equity and continuous improvement purposes. In this report, Lavadenz and colleagues use a sample of 26 California public school districts with high numbers/percentages of ELs, finding that although some progress has been made, public schools continue to miss the mark in …
Impact Of Graph Structures For Rag Outcomes In Llms, Chris Davis Jaldi
Impact Of Graph Structures For Rag Outcomes In Llms, Chris Davis Jaldi
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Explainability, interpretability and adaptability (EIA) remain three central motivations for next-generation Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially as Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to engage with ever-increasing knowledge bodies. As the landscape pushes toward controllable agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems where AI agents engage in iterative, guided reasoning, a critical question arises as to the extent to which the knowledge design itself shapes these models' reasoning behavior. This work conducts a systematic evaluation of how different conceptualizations and representation of the identical knowledge affect an LLM's path-based reasoning capabilities. Through the introduction of controlled variations along graph structural complexity, linguistic and semantic …
Disengaged And Drowsy: Using An Adaptive System To Detect Suboptimal Learning, William Andrew Stalker
Disengaged And Drowsy: Using An Adaptive System To Detect Suboptimal Learning, William Andrew Stalker
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Instruction is increasingly asynchronous, providing new opportunities but at the cost of losing some guard rails of in-person classes. One such guard rail is an instructor’s ability to detect boredom and learner disengagement. This dissertation explores the development and evaluation of an adaptive training simulator designed to respond to user engagement levels in real-time. The simulator monitors eyeblinks, comparing metrics to individual baselines to detect signs of fatigue and boredom. Participants are exposed to novel information in an audiobook recording of a textbook chapter and later quizzed to assess retention. An adaptive intervention offering periodic brief respite was tested against …
The Vital Role Of Interpreters In The Deaf Community: Navigating Accessibility Amidst Declining Deia Initiatives, Andrew Kovacs
The Vital Role Of Interpreters In The Deaf Community: Navigating Accessibility Amidst Declining Deia Initiatives, Andrew Kovacs
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The catalyst for this research project stems from the rollback of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility (DEIA) initiatives under the current presidential administration. Executive Orders from the presidential office have caused budget cuts and pauses in federal programs that affect all types of communities across the United States. For the Deaf community, funding for federal and state programs aimed at training ASL interpreters, helping Deaf individuals find jobs, and other communicative tools used by native signers has been paused. Despite the urgency of this issue, few studies have looked at the intersection of Deaf accessibility and the decline of DEIA …